Engineering

Drawings I
M r. V C d e V i l l i e r s
Drawing Basics
A N IN T RODU C T ION TO DRAW IN GS

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Drawing Instruments

• A 3 D ra w i n g b o a r d o r s e t

• C l u t c h p e n c i l /s

• E ra s e r & e ra s i ng s h i e l d

• Tr i a n g l e s ( 4 5 ° a n d 3 0 ° / 6 0 ° )

• C o m p a s s w i t h c l u t c h a t t a c h me n t

• T - s q ua r e / ru l e r ( n o r ma l l y c o m e s w i t h
d ra w i ng b o a rd )

• P r o t ra c t o r

• French curves /flexi curve

• A3 paper

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Drawing Instruments

Instrument Use
Clutch pencil • Drawing of lines
• Always pull a pencil when
drawing a line
Eraser & erasing shield • Erasing undesirable lines and
illustrations
• Cleaning up drawings
Triangles • Used for drawing lines at
specific angles
• One can create other angles by
combining the triangles
Compass • Marking of dimensions
• Drawing of arcs/circles
T-square/ruler • Drawing of horizontal lines
• Used in conjunction with
triangles to draw vertical and
angular lines
Protractor • Use for marking off angles

French curves/flexi curve • Drawing of irregular curves

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Basics of Drawing

Paper sizes
• T h e I S O “A” s e r i e s o f p a p e r i s a n i n t e r n a t i o n a l
classif ication system used to standardise paper sizes
around the world.

• Sheet sizes are based on the relationship between the

sides of the sheet which is a ratio of 1: √2

• The drawing sheets are referred to as: A0, A1, A2,

A3, A4, and so on. For this module A3 drawing sheets
will be used.

• Tw o A 4 d r a w i n g s s h e e t s a r e t h e s a m e s i z e a s o n e A 3
drawing sheet and two A3 drawings sheets are the
same size as one A2 sheet, etc.

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Basics of Drawing

Letters and numbers Line types

• Printing must be neat and readable • C o n t i n uo us l i n e s ( d a rk )

• Letters and numbers must be uniform in height,

• D a s h l i n e ( m e d i u m)
propor tion and spacing.

• C e n t r e / a xi a l l i n e s ( m e d )
• Always use upper case letters

• B r e a k i n c o n t i n ui t y ( m e d )
• All text for annotations, labels and numbers should
be 3 mm in height
• Dimension lines (light)
• All titles should be 5 mm in height (underlined)
• C o n t o ur l i n e s ( m e d i um )
• One can use light guidelines to get letters all at the
same height • G r i d l i n e s ( l i g ht )

• H a t c h i n g ( 4 5 °, c o n t ., m e d )

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Basics of Drawing

Dimensioning
• Dimensions always ref lects the actual length /true
length of an object, irrespective of whether the
drawing has been scaled (enlarged or reduced in
size)

• Dimension lines must be perpendicular and parallel to

the length indicated.

• Position dimensions outside the object /feature drawn

• Where dimensions lines meet, one can use a diagonal

line or arrowhead.

• Dimensions should be at least 2 mm away from the

outer construction line of the object /feature drawn.

• Measurements must always be shown in mm

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Basics of Drawing

Drawing scales
• A drawing scale is a method used to enlarge /reduce
all the measurements of an object, in order for the
o b j e c t t o b e d r a w n o r f i t o n p a p e r.

• A drawing scale enlarges or reduces the

m e a s u r e m e n t s o f a n o b j e c t b y a c o m m o n f a c t o r.

• The factor is represented as a ratio.

• S c a l e X: 1 – f o r e n l a r g e m e n t o f o b j e c t s
Recommended Scales
• Scale 1:X – for reduction of objects
Enlargement 2:1 5:1 10:1
• A scale fact o r o f 1:2 ind icates t hat a d rawing is half 1:1
Full size
the actual size of an object (footing, column, beam).
1:2 1:20 1:50
Reduction
1:100 1:200

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Good Drawing Practice

Correct Front View Incorrect

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The end
T H A N K YOU | K EA L EBOH A | DA N K IE

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