"VARIOUS TYPES OF PIPES ”

Submitted in fulfillment of the requirements

of micro-project

PHE

By

“VIRAJ MHATRE”

ROLL NO: - 22

ENROLLMENT NO: - 2209640248

SUBJECT INCHARGE

[Mrs . Najnin Daryavardi]

Department of Civil Engineering

Academic Year 2023-2024

 CERTIFICATE
This is to certify that the micro project

"VARIOUS TYPES OF PIPE”

“VIRAJ MHATRE
SHOBHIT SAHU

SAJEED SHAIKH

SURAJ KAMBLE”

Is Summited for

“PHE”
For

The diploma in Civil Engineering to the

Maharashtra State Board of Technical Education, Mumbai

Subject In-charge Head of Department

(Mrs.Najnin Daryavardi) (Mr.Dattatray Bangar)

 PROJECT ON TYPES OF PIPE
Submitted in fulfillment of the requirements

of micro-project of

PHE
By

Roll No. NAME OF STUDENT ENROLLMENT NO.

19 Kamble Suraj

29 Shaikh Sajeed Javed 2205640252

30 SAHU SHOBHIT CHANNULAL 2209640250

20 Viraj Janardan Mhatre 2209640248

 Reports

Introduction:-
VARIOUS TYPES OF PIPE

Aim :-
TO learn about various types of pipes used for water supply.

Coarse Outcome :-
To learn about the usage of various types of pipe.

Literature :-

Pipes are defined as circular tubular products used for conveying fluids
(liquids, gases, and fluidized solids). Pipes are designed for a particular
design pressure corresponding to the design temperature. Various
parameters related to pipes are Pipe Size, Pipe Schedule or thickness, Pipe
Material, Pressure withstanding capability, Temperature withstanding
capability, etc. Different types of pipes are used in the industrial sector for
different purposesThis usually consists of standard framed panels tied
together over their backs with horizontal members called waling.
Different Types of Pipes.
Pipes are used for carrying gas, cold and hot water, and other liquids from one
place to another safely. Different types of pipes are used in different circum-
stances.

Pipes types are selected on the basis of work and suitability, and their prices
are also taken into account.

For plumbing and water supply, some of the commonly used and best
pipes are as under:
1. Cast iron Pipe.
2. G.I Pipe.
3. Wrought Iron Pipe.
4. Steel Pipe.
5. Copper Pipe.
6. Plastic Pipe.
7. Asbestos Cement Pipe
8. Concrete Pipe.
9. Vitrified Clay Pipe.
1. Cast Iron Pipe:
Cast Iron pipe is widely used for city water-distribution systems because of its
high resistance to corrosion and consequent long life.
Cast iron pipe is made from pig iron. Such pipes are normally made from 5 cm
to 120 cm in diameter.
Under normal conditions, a cast iron pipe can be expected to last 100 years.

The usual length of a pipe section is 12 ft, but lengths up to 20 ft can be ob-
tained.

Cast iron pipe is made in several thickness classes for various pressures up to a
maximum of 350 psi.

Cast-iron pipes are usually dipped in a bituminous compound for protection

against corrosion and to improve their hydraulic qualities; larger sizes may be
provided with a lining of cement mortar.
A common joint for cast iron pipe is the bell and spigot. A few strands of jute
are wrapped around the spigot before it is inserted into the bell, and then
more jute is packed into the joint.
Finally, the space between the bell and spigot is tilled with a molten lead,
which is tightly caulked into the joint after cooling.

Patented compounds of sulfhur and other materials and neat cement mortar
are also used for joints. These materials are cheaper than lead, but the joints
are usually less flexible.

The flanged pipe is used for pumping stations, filter plants, and other locations
where it may be necessary to disjoint the pipe.

Flanged couplings must be fitted perfectly and provided with a gasket if they
are to be watertight.

Watch the installation video below.

Because of the skilled labor required for lead joints, numerous mechanical
couplings are finding extensive use and have largely replaced bell-and-spigot
joints.

These couplings are bolted together and designed to avoid the careful fit re-
quired of ordinary hanged couplings and to permit flexibility in pipe placement.

One of the most common is the Dresser coupling.

Cast iron pipes are also cheap and economical. These pipes can be joined easily
and can be cut and bored easily too.

They are durable up-to 100 years of life but, as time passes, their strength of
carrying water decreases. They cannot bear pressure more than 7 kg per
square centimeter:
The cast iron pipes are generally cut with chisel and hammer, but for a better
cutting cutter and hack saw can be used.

2. Galvanized Iron Pipe (G.I).

G.I pipes are made of mild steel sheet. Its length-wise joint is Welded Seam
Type. G.I pipe is used to supply water, gas or any other liquid inside the build-
ing.
These types of pipes are prepared from 12 mm ( 0.5 inches) to 15 cm ( 6
inches) in diameter. They are available in 6 meters ( 20 feet) length.

The thickness of the wall of its sheet is different according to their diameters.
After preparing this pipe, it is dipped in zinc solution. This action is known as
Galvanizing. In this way, the pipe is saved from rusting.

The average age of this pipe is 10 years. They can be joined easily, cutting,
threading, and bending them is also an easy task. They are joined with the help
of a socket.

These pipes are light-weighted and cheap. Acidic and alkaline waters affect
these pipes badly.
3. Wrought Iron Pipe.
These types of pipes are like G. I. Pipes. They are also used to carry water, gas
or certain other liquid from one place to another.

The only difference between wrought iron pipe and G.I is that wrought iron
pipes are prepared by welding wrought iron sheet. In addition, seamless pipes
are also made.

The weight of such pipe is less. Cutting, threading, and bending of this pipe is
quite easy. To join such pipes following joints are used:

(i) Socket Joint

(ii) Flanged Joint
(iii) Welded Joint
Wrought iron pipes are made from 12 mm(0.5 inches) to 15 cm (6 inches) in

diameter.
4. Steel Pipe.
Steel pipes are used to carry water, gas or certain other liquid from one place
to the other under pressure. These pipes are made from steel sheets.

Small pipes have welded joint along the length which is not visible. Large pipes
have riveted joint or welded joint.

After making such pipes, they are dipped in Zinc solution. This action is called
Galvanizing and is used to prevent the pipe from rusting. The average age of
such pipes is from 25 years to 50 years.

These pipes are light in weight. They can be joined by a welded joint. They are
placed on Open Supports. They are also joined by Flanged Joint.

Such pipes can be bent easily. Acidic water and alkaline water can rust these
pipes. Repair of this type of pipe is difficult. They can also be pressed by ex-
ternal pressure due to their less wall thickness.
5. Copper Pipe.
Copper pipes are made of small diameter. Since copper does not admit rust, so
these pipes are durable. However, as copper is costly, therefore, they are used
in limited places.

These types of pipes are generally used to carry hot water or steam. They do
not bend or sag even at high temperature.

Copper is a mild metal. Therefore, copper pipes can be bent easily. They are
joined by Flanged Joint and Union Joints.
6. Plastic Pipe.

These pipes – which includes rubber and P. V. C. pipes – are used for the sup-
ply of water, acidic water, and alkaline water. Hot water should not be carried
out.

These pipes are joined using a thread joint or socket is joined with a solution.
Such pipes are not rusted. They are light in weight. Cutting, bending, and joint-
ing are easy for these pipes.

These types of pipes have good resistance against electric current. They be-
come useless on increasing temperature. They also become useless on being
tempered by nail, etc.
7. Asbestos Cement Pipe.

The asbestos pipe is made from asbestos, silica, and cement converted under
pressure to a dense, homogeneous material possessing considerable strength.
The asbestos fiber is thoroughly mixed with the cement and serves as rein-
forcement.
This type of pipe is available in diameters of from 4 to 36 inches in 13-ft
lengths. The pipe is made in various grades, the strongest being intended for
internal pressures up to 200 psi.

The asbestos pipe is assembled by means of a special coupling which consists

of a pipe sleeve and two rubber rings which are compressed between the pipe
and the interior of the sleeve.

The joint is as resistant to corrosion as the pipe itself and is flexible enough to
permit as much as 12° deflection in laying pipe around curves.

An asbestos-cement pipe is light in weight and can be assembled without

skilled labor. It can be joined to cast-iron pipe with lead or sulfur-base com-
pounds.

It is easily cut and can be tapped and threaded for service connections.
The hydraulic efficiency of an asbestos pipe is high.
CONCLUSION : We were able to learn the types of pipe and their uses .
So, the subject types of pipes are very broad and there are various parameters
that contribute to the classification of pipes. However, the most widely accep-
ted pipe classification is based on the material used to manufacture the pipe.