CHUYEN DE 1: CAC THl TRONG TII~NG ANH .......................................................................

8
CHUYEN DE 2: DQNG TCJ KHUYETTHIEU ........................................................................... 14
CHUYEN DE 3: THE GIA D!NH ................................................................................................... 19
CHUYEN DE 4: cAu B! DQNG ................................................................................................... 23
CHUYEN DE 5: cAu TUONG THUAT ...................................................................................... 25
CHUYEN DE 6: CAU HOI DUOI ................................................................................................. 29
CHUYEN DE 7: DANH DQNG TU VA DQNG TU NGUYEN MAU ................................ 31
CHUYEN DE 8: PHAN TCJ ............................................................................................................. 36
CHUYEN DE 9: DANH TU VA TCJ HAN D!NH ..................................................................... 38
CHUYEN DE 10: M~NH DE QUAN H~ ................................................................................... 45
CHUYEN DE 11: TfNH TCJ VA TRANG TCJ .............................................................................. 48
CHUYEN DE 12: so 5ANH ........................................................................................................... 50
CHUYEN DE 13: LIEN TCJ .............................................................................................................. 53
CHUYEN DE 14: GIOI TCJ .............................................................................................................. 57
CHUYEN DE 15: Slj HOA HQP GIUA CHU NGU VA DQNG TU .................................. 61
CHUYEN DE 16: DAO NGU ......................................................................................................... 65
CHUYEN DE 17: M~NH DE DANH TCJ ..................................................................................... 71
CHUYEN DE 18: LOAI TCJ .............................................................................................................. 72
CHUYEN DE 19: M~NH DE TRANG Ng0 .............................................................................. 75

LOP10 ................................................................................................................................................... 80
Unit 1: Family life- Cu<;>c song gia dlnh .............................................................................. 80
Unit 2: Your body and you- sac khoe va b9n ................................................................. 81
Unit 3: Music- Am nh9C va giai trf ........................................................................................ 82
Unit 4: For a better community- Phl,lc Vl,J c<;>ng dong .............................................. 83
Unit 5: Inventions- Phat minh ................................................................................................ 84
Unit 6: Gender Equality- Blnh dang gioi ........................................................................... 85
Unit 7: Cultural Diversity- Da d~ng van h6a ................................................................... 86
Unit 8: New Way to Learn- Cac h<;>c t~p mdi .................................................................. 87
Unit 9: Preserving the Environment- Bao vf? m6i tn.iong ....................................... 88
Unit 10: Ecotourism- Du ljch sinh thai ................................................................................ 89
LOPll ..................................................................................................................................................... 90
Unit 1: The Generation Gap- Khoang each the hf? ........................................................ 90
Unit 2: Relationships- Moi quan hf? ...................................................................................... 92
Unit 3: Becoming Independent- Song d<?c l~p ............................................................. 93
Unit 4: Caring for Those in Need- Ho tr<? nguoi khuyet t~t ................................... 94
Unit 5: Being Part of ASEAN- ASEAN ................................................................................. 95
Unit 6: Global Warming- Tlnh tr~ng n6ng len to~m diu .......................................... 96
Unit 7: Further Education- Giao dt,~c b~c cao ................................................................ 97
Unit 8: Our World Heritage Sites- Di san the gidi d Vif?t Nam ............................. 98
Unit 9: Cities of the Future- Cu(?c song th~mh pho trong tLidng lai .................. 99
Unit 10: Healthy Lifestyle and Longevity- Phong each song .............................. 100
IEmh m~nh va tuoi th<;>
LOP 12 .................................................................................................................................................... 101
Unit 1: Life Stories- Cau chuy(?n cu(?c song ..................................................................... 101
Unit 2: Urbanisation- D6 thj h6a .......................................................................................... 102
Unit 3: The Green Movement- Phong trao song xanh ............................................ 103
Unit 4: The Mass Media- Da phLidng tif?n ....................................................................... 104
Unit 5: Cultural Identity- Ban sik van h6a ..................................................................... 105
Unit 6: Endangered Species- Nhang loai v~t nguy hiem ..................................... 106
Unit 7: Artificial Intelligence- Trf tuf? nhan t~o ............................................................ 107
Unit 8: The World of Work- The gidi cua c6ng vif?c .................................................. 108
Unit 9: Choosing a Career- Ll,(a ch<;>n nghe nghif?p .................................................. 109
Unit 10: Lifelong learning- H<;>c t~p suot doi ................................................................... 110

.................................................................................. 120
................................................................................................................. 123
................................................................................................................................ 127
H9c v~t Tieng Anh, ghi nhd tu vlfng, nga phap m<?t each may
m6c, khong c6 chien thu~t on luy~n dung dan Ia nguyen nhan
dan tdi nhieu nam lien, thf sinh thi THPT QG lam bai mon Anh
luon chi em so diem li~t cao nhat, thf sinh chi em diem gioi 9, 10
cung khong nhieu.

11
0hh, thl ra Tieng Anh khong kh6 nhli mlnh nghT, English is so
easy". Em se phai thot len nhUng dieu nay khi h9c va thljc hanh
tot cuon so tay KIEN THUC TIENG ANH TCI A-Z THI THPT QG nay,
vdi:
- H~th6ng 2000+tuvljng cd ban, mo r<?ng phu m9i chu dethi
- Full ngU phaptrlnh bay ro rang, khoa h9c
- Vf dl:J minh h9a de hh?u, de nho
- 2000+ bai luy~n MIEN PHf C9i app.onluyen.vn (du dap an, giai
chi tiet)
- Chien thu~t xu 99n 8 d9ng bai hay thi, bf kfp ghi nhd tu vljng,
ghim sau ngu phap dLi9c chia se boi thu khoa, a khoa

Khong phan bi~t em dang mat g6c,yeu nga phap haytuvljng,

cu6n so tay nay danh cho tat ca cac b9n cham chi, c6 quyet tam
on t~p, tu d6, chinh phl;JC diem 9,10 de dang. Hay co gang, chuc
em thanh cong!
Bu'ocl:D9c k.YBfkfpchinh phl:Jcdiem 9,10 men Anh o phan cu6i so
de hieu rovecautrucdethi, phlidng phapghi nhotuvl;Jngva ngu
phap hi~u qua.
Bu'oc 2: Lemke ho9ch on t~p tuvl;ing va ngu phap theo ngay, tuan
phu h9pvoi ll;Jc h9c hi~n t9i CUa ban than
Bu'oc 3: Sau khi on xong moi ddn vi kien thdc, cu6n so tay se cung
cap them cho b9n b9 cau hoi tl;i luy~n online hoan toan miem phf
t9i app.onluyen.vn dethl;ic han h.
Vf dl:J: Link bai luy~n cua phan "CACTHl TRONG Tll~NG ANH" Ia:

eAcHTHAM GIALAM sAITAPTl/LUY~N NHLiSAU:

each 1: Dung di~n tho9i ho~c may tfnh (c6 ket n6i internet), truy
c~p vao link bai luy~n tlidng ang cua tung ddn vi kien thac (vf dl;.l
linktrem Ia: http://bit.ly/cac-thi) va bat dau luy~n t~p online ngay!
Ho~c
each 2: Dung di~n tho9i (c6 ket n6i internet), tai dng dl;Jng
Onluyen. vn sau d6 mo app da tai len, quet QR tlidng dng o moi
phan kien thac de nh~n link bai t~p luy~n online ngaytren di~n
tho9i.
Lu'u y, b9n can dang nh~p ho~c dang ky tai khoan tren
app.onluyen.vn de
du'c;Sc luy~n bai t~p mien phi hang ngay nhe!

th(ic Anh tu thi

 eong thac
voi dt;>ng w thLiong
+) S + V-s/es + 0
-) S +do/does+ not+ V + 0
?) Do/does + S + V + 0?
Voi dt;>ng W to be
+) S +am/is/are+ e
-) S + am/is/are+ not+ e
?) Am/is/are+ S + e?
eong thac
+) S +am/is/are+ V-ing + 0
-) S + am/is/are + not +
V-ing + 0
?) Am/is/are+ S + V-ing + 0?
each dung
Dien ta mt;>t sl,i th~t hien
nhien, chan ly luon dung.
Dien ta mt;>t th6i quen, hanh
d(?ng thLiong xay ra d hit\)n t9i.
N6i len kha nang cua m9t
nguoi.
Dien ta mt;>t ho9t dt;>ng, ke
ho~ch co djnh thea thoi
gian bieu.
Dung trong diu dieu kit\)n
lo~i 1.
each dung
Dien ta hanh d(?ng dang dien
ra va keo dai trong hi~n t9i.
Dung de de nghj, canh bao,
m~nh l~nh.
Dien ta m(?t hi:mh dqng sap
xay ra trong tLidng lai theo
ke ho9ch da djnh truck.
Dien ta sl,l khong hai long
ho~c phan nan ve vi~c gl d6
khi trong diu c6 always.
Dung dien ta cai gl do thay
doi, phat trien hdn.
Vfdl,l
The sun rises in the East
and sets in the West.
My mother always gets up
early in the morning.
Messi plays football
very well.
The train to London starts
at 9:45a.m.
If the weather is beautiful,
I will go fishing.
Vfdl,l
The kids are playing in the
garden now.
Be quiet! Someone is coming.
1 booked the ticket yesterday.
I am flying to Bangkok
tomorrow.
She is always coming late.
She is getting older and older.
Moi theo doi tiep trang sau
 eongthuc each dung Vfdt,J

+) S +am/is/are+ V-ing + 0
-) S +am/is/are+ not+
V-ing +0
?) Am/is/are + S + V-ing + 0?
These days most people are
Dien ta m9t cai gl moi, doi t~p
using email instead of writing
voi tlnh tr;;~ng tn.idc d6.
letters.

eong thuc each dung

Hanh d9ng da hoan thanh

chotoi thai diem hien tai ma She has finished her report.
khong de c~p toi n6. xay ra
khi nao.

+) S +have/has+ V p.p + 0
-) S +have/has+ not+
Vp.p +0
?) Have/has + S + V p.p + 0?
o
Hanh d9ng bat dau qua khu
Va dang tiep tl,IC 0 hi~n t<;~i.
Hanh d9ng da Wng lam trttoc
day va bay giCi van con lam.
She has been in love with
him for nearly two years.
He has written three books
and he is working on
another book.

Mqt kinh nghi~m cho tdi thai

That is the most terrible
diem hi~n t<;~i {thttong dung
situation I have ever. got into.
tr<;~ng W ever)
~ 4. THl HI~N Tl:\1 HOAN THANH TIEP DIEN

eong thac each dung Vfdl,l

Dung de n6i ve h~mh d<;>ng

xay ra trong qua kha dien ra I have been waiting for you
+) S +has/have+ been+ lien tt,~c, tiep tt,~c keo dai den for three hours.
V-ing + 0 hi$n t<;~i va ca trong tlidng lai.
-) S + hasn't/haven't + been
+ V-ing + 0
?) Has/Have + S + been + Dung de dien ta hanh d9ng
V-ing + 0? da xay ra, vua mdi ket thdc She is tired because she has
nhllng ket qua cua hanh been working very hard for
d9ng van c6 the nh1n thay 0 over 5 hours.
hi$nt<;~i.

~ 5. THl QUA KHU DdN

eong thac each dung Vfdl,l

N6i ve m(?t hanh d(mg da xay I went to the restaurant with

VOi d9ng W thuong
ra va ket thuc trong qua khu. my parents yesterday.
+) S +V-ed +0
-) S +did+ not+ V + o
?) Did + S + V+ 0? M9t th6i quen trong qua khu. I often played chess when
I was a child.
Vdi d(?ng tU to be
+) S +was/were+ e
He went to the office,
-) S+ was/were + NOT + e Chuoi hanh d<;>ng xay ra
checked his mail and started
?) Was/were + S + C? trong qua khu.
working.

Moi theo doi tiep trang sau

 cong thuc
+) S + was/were + V-ing + 0
-) S +wasn't/weren't+
V-ing + 0
?) Was/were+ S+ V-ing + 0?
Cong thuc
+) S + had + V p.p + 0
-) S +had+ not+ V p.p + 0
?) Had + S + v p.p + 0?
each dung Vfdl,l
Dung de dien ta mqt hanh
We were swimming at Sp.m
dqng dang xay ra t<;~i mqt thOi
yesterday.
diem xac dinh trong qua khu.
Dung de dien ta m9t hanh
dqng dang xay ra thl m9t
h~mh dqng khac xen vao.
His parents were having
H~mh dqng dang xay ra chia
lunch when he came in.
thl qua khu tiep dien, hanh
dqng xen vao chia thl qua
khudon.
While Lan was using her
Dh~n d<;~t hai hanh dqng xay ra
mobile phone, Hai was
dong thOi trong qua khu.
playing video games.
Hanh d()ng l~p di l~p l<;~i trong My mom was always
qua khu va lam phi en den complaining about my room
nguoi khac. when she got there.
each dung Vfdl,l
Dien ta m9t hanh dqng da
xay ra, hoan thanh truck mqt They had left the party before
hanh d<;ing khac trong qua I arrived.
khu.
Trang cau dh~u ki~n lo<;~i 3 de
If I had known the facts, I
dien ta dieu ki~n khong co
wouldn't have let you do it.
tht.Jc trong qua khu.
Hanh dqng xay ra nhli Ia dieu
I had prepared for the exams
ki~ntiem quyet cho hanh
and was ready to do well.
dqng khac.
~ 8. THl QUA KHU HOAN THANH TIEP OlEN
cong thuc
+) S+ had+ been+ V-ing + 0
-) S+ hadn't+ been + V-ing + 0
?) Had + S + been + V-ing + 0?
~ 9. THl Tl1dNG LAI £>dN
cong thuc
+) S +shall/will+ V + 0
-) S +shall/will +not+ V + 0
?) Shall/will + S + V + 0?
each dung
Dien d<?t m(>t hanh d(>ng xay
ra tn.toc m(>t hanh d(>ng khac
trong qua khu (nhan m<?nh
tfnh tiep dien).
Dien d<?t m9t h~mh d(>ng keo
dai lien t1,.1c den m9t hanh
d(>ng khac trong qua khu.
each dung
Dien ta dl,i djnh nhat thoi xay
ra ngay t<?i luc n6i.
N6i ve m(>t dl,i doan dl,ia tren
kinh nghit\'lm c6 du'<;lc trong
qua khu.
Khi du'a ray kien, de nghj,
loi hua.
Dien d9t dl,i doan khong c6
can cu.
Su d1,.1ng trong cau dieu kit\'ln
lo9i m(>t, dien ta m(>t gia djnh
c6 the xay ra 0 hit\'ln t<?i va
tu'dnglai.
Vfdl,l
I had been waiting for you for
three hours before you came.
We had been making chicken
soup, so the kitchen was still
hot and steamy when she
came in.
Vfdl,l
Are you going to the beach?
I will go with you.
I think it'll be extremely hot
there.
Don't worry, I'll let everyone
know.
People will not go to Jupiter
before 22nd century.
If it stops raining soon, we
will go to the cinema.
Moi theo doi tiep trang sau
 eong thuc each dung Vfdl,l

Dung de noi ve m9t hanh At 10 o'clock tomorrow, my

d9ng xay ra trong ttidng lai t9i friends and I will be going
thOi diem xac din h. to the museum.

Dung n6i ve m9t hanh d9ng

+) S +shall/will + be+ V-ing
+0
-) S +shall/will+ not+ be
+V-ing + 0
?) Shall/Will + S + be+ V-ing
+0?
When you come tomorrow,
dang xay ra trong tlldng lai thi
they will be playing football.
c6 hanh d(?ng khac chen vao.
Mypinents are going to
Hanh d9ng se dien ra va keo
London, so I'll be staying with
d~lilien ti,JC SUOt m9t khoang
my grandma for the next
thoi gian d tuong lai.
2weeks).

Hanh d9ng se xay ta nhti m<?t

phan trong ke ho9ch ho~c The party will be starting·at
m9t phan trong thoi gian ten o'clock.
bieu.

eong thuc each dung Vfdi,.l

Dung de dien ta m9t himh

+) S +shall/will + have + V p.p
+0
-) S +shall/will+ not+ have
+Vp.p +0
?) Shall/Will+ S + have + V p.p
+0
I will have finished my
d9ng hay st,i vi~c hoan thanh
homework before 10 o'clock
truck m<?t thOi diem trong
this evening:
tlldng lai.
Dung de dien ta m9t h~mh
I will have made the meal
d9ng hay st,i vi~c hoan thanh
ready before the time you
trtidc m<?t hanh d9ng hay st,i
come tomorrow.
vi~c khac trong ttidng lai.

Moi theo doi tiep trang sau

~ 12. THl TlidNG LAI HOAN THANH TIEP DIEN

Congthac each dung Vfdl,l

+) S +shall/will+ have been

+ V-ing + 0
-) S + shall/will + not+ have
been + V-ing + 0
?) Shall/Will + S + have been
+ V-ing + 0?
Dung de dien ta m<;>t hanh
d(>ng xay ra trong qua khu
tiep dien liem tl,JC den m(>t
thoi diem cho truck trong
tlidnglai.
I will have been studying
English for 10 years by the
end of next month.

CAN/COULD: c6 THE

- Dien ta kha nang, nang - Mary can speak 4

Can h.jc o hi~m t9i ho~c tlidng languages.
lai.

Moi theo doi tiep trang sau


- Can't c6 the dung trong
truong h<;Jp suy doan
Can (chac Ia khong) o hi$n t9i
(ho~c qua kha - xem
them mt,.~c Modal perfect)
- N6i ve kha nang trong
qua kha.
- Khi n6i ve kha nang lam
gl trong tlnh huong ct,.~
Could the trong qua kha (can
no h,ic) thl kh6ng dung
'could' ma thay vao d6
dung cau true was/were
abletoV.
Lliu y:
-Can/could: dli<;jc dung de yeu cau dieu gl d hi$n t9i
E.g: "Can/could you please give me a lift?"- "Of course"
-Can/could: dli<;Jc dung de xin phep
E.g: "Can/could I ask you a question"- "Sure. Go ahead!"
- Dien dat sli can thiet hoac
bat bu¢,c phai lam dieu gl
o hi$n t9i ho~ctlidng lai.
- DLia ra loi suy lu~n chac
Must chan.
- Du'a ra loi khuyen ho~c
yeu diu dLi<;lc nhan m9nh
- Dien d9t sl,i cam doan.
-He can't be at home. It's 8
o'clock.
-Jane has bought two
tickets for the match,
therefore, he can't be
going alone.
- I could ride a bike when I
was7.
-The house suddenly
caught fire, but they
were able to get out of it.
(not: We could get out of
it).
-You must work harder if
you want a good result.
-You must be hungry after
alongwalk.
- You must be here before
9p.m.
-You mustn't drop litter on
the street.
Moi theo d6i tiep trang sau
 -Students have to wear
- Dien dat su bat buoc do uniform when they go to
tlnh th~ ho~c dieu. ki$n school.
bem ngoai (n<?i quy, lu~t
phap, quy dlnh ...) - You don't have to wash
Have to
the dishes now.
- Dung don't have to ho~c
don't need to de dien dat - Students don't need to
"khong can phai lam gi': write out the questions
when answering them.

LLiu y:
Must thliong dung cho tlnh huong o hi$n t9i, do d6 can dung Have to
thay cho must trong cac thl khac.
E.g 1: You will have to do your best when the exam is coming.
E.g 2: I had to use my mother's laptop because mine was broken.

rn MAY/MIGHT: c6 LE, c6 THE

-Dung suy doan tlnh

huong o hi$n t9i ho~c
tlidng lai.
May/might - Dung de xin phep, nhling
might it dLi<?c dung trong
van n6i (chu yeu trong
cau gian tiep).
-Sarah may/might be in
the library. I'm not sure.
- May I hug you?
-I wonder if he might go
there alone.

r;J SHOULD/OUGHT TO: NEN

Should/ought to - Thliong dung khi cho y -I think you should give up

kien ho~c loi khuyen. smoking.
 - The hi~n sy bi:lt bu(>c hay
bon ph~n (c6 sy lya
ch9n), khong m~mh bang
must.
Should/ought to -Ought (not) to c6 the
dung thay cho
should/shouldn't.
- Had better (not) do st c6
the dlic;lc dung tlidng ty
nghla should/ought to.
- Dien dat hoac dli doan sli
vi~c, tlnh hu.6ng' se xay ra
trong tlidng lai.
Will - Dlia ra m9t quyet djnh
ngaythoi diem n6i.
- Dlia ra loi de nghj, yeu
cau,loimoi.
- Dung dien ta m(>t g1a
djnh o qua kha ho~c dy
doan ve m(>t tlnh hu6ng
Would c6 the xay ra.
- Dlic;lc dung trong loi yeu
cau, loi moi llch sy.
"Clang /e ... /e ra phai":
should/ought to dien ta mot dieu nen
+ have + V3/-ed lam trong qua kha
nhling vlly do nao d6 l9i
kh6ng xay ra.
- In my opinion, the school
should develop the
curriculum.
-The task should be
finished before 12th.
-You ought to concentrate
on your schoolwork.
-Your hair is long. You had
better get it cut.
- Tomorrow will be a good
day.
- Have you bought him a
present? Oh, no. I forgot.
I'll buy him one now.
-Will you have a cup of
tea?
-At midnight Sarah was
still awake. She would be
tired next day.
-Would you like orange
juice?
I've forgotten the address. I
should have written it down.
(T6i quen mat dja chl roi, le ra
t6i phai viet l9i chG!).
 "chac han Ia ... ": suy
doan ve mot SU viec
must+ have trong qua kha, phong
+ V3/-ed doan c6 logic dl,(a tren
nhung hi$n tL1<;1ng
trong qua kha.
"khong the nao... ": suy
can't/couldn't
+ have + V3/-ed
dien phu dinh ve sl,(vi$c
trong qua kha, trai voi
"must+ have+ V3/-ed".
"adng lyra c6 the ... ":
could+ have dien ta m¢t kha nang
+ V3-ed kh6ng dL19c thl,(c hi$n
trong qua kha.
"c6 the Ia ... ":chi sv suy
may/might have doan ve m¢t hanh
+ V3/-ed d¢ng trong qua kha
khong chfk chan.
"le ra kh6ng can
needn't+ have phai ... ": dien ta m¢t
hanh d¢ng kh6ng can
+ V3/-ed
thi€h phai thl,l'c hi$n
trong qua kha.
"adng ly ra ao lam gi"
would+ have
(nhling th~t chat cu6i
+ V3/-ed cung IC;li kh6ng lam).
D¢ng tu khiem khuyEh:
The streets are wet. It must
have rained last night.
(Duong xa Lidt nhem, t6i qua
chac han troi mua).
He can't/couldn't have
moved the piano himself.
(Thang be khong the tv
mlnh
chuyen cay dan dlidng cam
dL19c).
They could have lent me
some money, but they didn't.
(Nhe ra h9c6thechot6i mL19n
tien, nhling h9 kh6ng cho).
I don't know where the letter
is. I might have thrown it
away. (Toi khong biet Ia thli kia
odau. C6 the t6i da vat n6 r6i).
We needn't have hurried.
Now we are too early. (Chung
ta le ra kh6ng can phai v¢i, gio
xem ra chung ta den som r6i).
I would have bought that CD
but I didn't have enough
money. (Le ra toi da mua cai
dla nh<;lc d6 nhling t6i kh6ng
dutien).
L0);\10

cau true each dung Vfdt,J

If+ Clause 1 (HT8), Clause 2 Dien ta m(;)t chan ly, If you pour oil on
(HTD) sl,i vi$c lu6n dung. water, it floats.

L0);\11

cau true each dung Vfdt,J

Dien tra m<;:>t sl,i vi$c/
If+ Clause (HtD), Clause 2 h2mh d(;)ng c6 the If it's sunny, I will pay
(TLD) xay ra 0 hi$n t9i ho~c football.
tlidnglai.

L0);\12

cau true each dung Vfdt,J

If+ Clause (QkD),
S +would/could (not} + V
Dien ta tlnh huong va
If she invited me, I
hanh d(;)ng kh6ng
would come to her
the xay ra trong hi$n
party.
t9i ho~c tlidng lai.

L0);\13

cau true each dung Vfdt,J

If+ Clause (QKHT), Dien ta tlnh huong va If I hadn't been

S +would/could/might (not) hanh d(;)ng kh6ng c6 absent yesterday, I
+have+ Pll th~t trong qua kha. would have met him.

Moi theo doi tiep trang sau

 eau true each dung Vfdl,J

Dung de dh?n ta gia
thiet trai ngli<;lc voi
qua kha, ket qua trai
If+ S +had+ PI I, S
ngli<;lc vdi hi~n t<;1i. Vl
+would/could/might (not)
v~y, ve gia thiet dung
+ V (bare-infinitive)
cau dieu ki~n lo<;li 3,
ve ket qua dung cau
dieu ki~n lo9i 2.
If he had worked
harder at school, he
would be a student
now. (Neu anh ra h9c
h~mh cham chi hdn,
thl gio day anh ta da
Ia m(>t sinh vien roi).
~(Because he didn't
work hard at school,
he isn't a student
now.)

cAe TRUONG HQP KHAe

eau true each dung Vfdl,J

Dung m~nh de "If" voi

cau 'yeu cau I m~nh Don't go to work if
If-clause+ Imperative
l~nh' bih dau bang you still feel sick.
d(>ng tu.

If disturbed, the birds

may abandon the
Dung "If" vdi m(>t tfnh nest, leaving the
tu ho~c m(>t d(>ng tu chicks to die. = (If they
If+ Adjective/Past participle
qua kha phan tu thay are disturbed, the bird
vi dung m(>t m~nh de. may abandon the
nest, leaving the
chicks to die.)

What would you do if

Dung 'If sb were to do
you were to lose your
sth", vdi y nghla nhan
If S + were to + V job? (= What would
m<;1nh tlnh hu6ng
you do if you lost your
kh6ng the xay ra.
job?)

Moi thee doi tiep trang sau

 a. Cac d<?ng tu dung truck "that- clause"

cac d<}ng tu truck

Cong thuc Vfd~:J
that - clause
Advise, require, stipulate
(quy d[nh), decree (ra l~nh), The doctor suggested that
demand, ask, command, his patient (should) stop
S + V +that+ S
order, desire, insist, smoking.
+(should)+ (not) + V
recommend, request, (should c6 the de l9i ho~c
prefer, propose, suggest, khong deu du<;)c).
urge.

b. Tfnh tu ho~c ph 2m tu dung truoc "that- clause"

cac tfnh tu, phan tu truoc

Cong thuc Vfd~:J
that- clause

Advised, essential,
It + to be + adj + that obligatory, required, best, - It is essential that the
+ S +(should) imperative, necessary, government take
+(not)+ V suggested, crucial, measures to protect the
It + to be + V3/ed important, proposed, en vi ron ment.
+ that + S + (shou Id) urgent, desirable, - It has been proposed that
+(not)+ V mandatory, recommended, we not change the topic
vital.

c. That- clause theo sau danh tu/c1,.1m danh tu (N/NP)

Cac danh tu va Cl,.lm

cong thuc Vfd1,.1
danhtu

N/Np +to be+ that a good idea, demand,

+ S + + (should) request suggestion, a bad - Our suggestion is that he
+(not)+ V idea, recommendation, be elected group-leader.
S+ V + N/ N P + that preference, wish, -It is of importance that
+ S + (should) command, insistence, she have a balanced diet.
+(not)+ V proposal.

Lu'u y:
The gia djnh cung co the du'<;Jc su dt,mg trong cau phu d!nh, tiep dien, b! d(mg.
E.g: Jake recommended that Susan be hired immediately.
E.g: It is important that you be standing there when he gets off the plane.
~ 3. THE GIA f)!NH QUA KH(/

Cong thuc Nghia each dung Vfdl:l

If only my father gave

If only+ S + V 21ed Gia nhli ai lam gl
me a present.

s + wish + (that) S Ai a6 uoc aieu gl

I wish I had/would have
+V2/ed a better job.
Sl + would rather/ Dien ta
Ai d6 muon nglioi aieu I would rather/sooner
would sooner
khac lam gl khong c6 you gave up smoking.
+ (that)+ 52+ v2/ed
thlic d
It's (high/ about) hi$n t9i/ It's high/about time you
time+ (that) S f)a den luc ai d6 tlidng lai went to school.
+ v2/ed phai lam gl =It's high time for you
=It's high time
+(for 0) +to V to go to school.

S + Vs/es + as if/as She says as if she knew

though+ s + v2/ed ca nhu the ... everything.

~ 4. THE GIA f)!NH HOAN THANH

congthuc Nghia each dung Vfdl:l

If only my father gave

If only + S + V3/ed Gia nhu ai lam gl me a present.

S + wish + (that) S I wish I had seen the

Ai d6 uoc aieu gl Dien ta
+ v3/ed movie yesterday.
aieu
Sl + would rather/ khong c6
Ai d6 muon nglioi I would rather/sooner
would sooner thl,l'c d
khac lam gl Ann had gone to class.
+ (that) + 52 + v3/ed qua kha
S + Ved + as if/as Mai acted as if she
though + S + had ca nhli the ... hadn't known anything.
+ v3/ed

The gia ainh:

f)ieu ki~n de bien doi tu cau chu d{>ng sang bi d{>ng:
- V trong cau chu d<?ng Ia ngo9i d<?ng tu.
(theo sau Ia 1 tan ngu [0])
- Cac tan ngu (tnjc tiep, gian tiep) phai dli<?c neu ro rang.

Thl cau chu dqng cau bj dqng

Simple Present S+V+O S +is/am/are+ P2 +by+ 0

Present S + am/is/are + being

S +am/is/are+ V-ing + 0
Continuous + P2 +by+ 0

S + has/have + been
Present Perfect S + has/have + P2 + 0
+ P2 +by+ 0
Simple Past S + V-ed + 0 S + was/were + P2 + by + 0

S+ was/were + being
Past Continuous S +was/were + V-ing + 0
+ P2 +by+ 0

Past Perfect S +had+ P2 +0 S + had + been + P2 + by + 0

Simple Future S +will/shall+ V + 0 S + wi II + be + P2 + by + 0

S +will + have + been

Future Perfect S +will/shall + have + P2 + 0
+ P2 +by+ 0

To be+ going to S + am/is/are + going to S + am/is/are + going to

+V+O + be + P2 + by + 0
S + model verb + be +
S + model verb + V + 0
P2 +by+ 0
Model Verbs S + modal Verb + have S + modal verb +
+ P2 +0 have been +P2

Moi theo doi tiep trang sau

 cAc LOI:\1 cAu Bl DQNG DAc
Lo;;ti bj d{mg Cong thuc
V + 0! --7 S +should/must
M$nh l~nh thuc
+be+ vp2
-Have+ sb + V --7 Have st Vp2
Nho va, sai khien
- Get + sb + to V --7 Get st V p2
S +make+ sb + V
£>(?ng tu make
--7 S + to be + made + to + V
It + to be + adj + for sb
Chu ngu gia it + to do st --7 It + to be + adj
+ for st + to be V p 2
S + V (see/hear/notice/
watch ...) + 0 + V
(chung kien tof:m b9
h2mh d<?ng)/V-ing (chung
kien 1 phan hEmh d9ng)
£>(?ng tu giac quan --7 S + to be + Vp2 (seen/
heard watched ...) +to V
(chung kien toEm b9)
--7 S + to be + Vp2 (seen/
heard/ watched ...) + V-ing
(chung kien 1 phan)
51 + V1 that 52 + V2 + 0.
Bl d9ng kep --7 It +to be + Vp2 (cua V1)
+ that + 52 + V2
BI~T
Vfdy
Clean the door --7 The door
should be cleaned
-I have my friend wash my
car --7 I have my car
washed by my friend.
- I get my friend to wash
my car --7 I get my car
washed bymyfriend.
They made her work hard
--7 She was made to
work hard
It is difficult for him to
finish the test in 10 minutes.
--7 It is difficult for the test
to be finished in 10
minutes.
-People saw him fall out of
the window.
--7 He was seen to fall out of
the window.
-People saw her stealing
the bag.
--7 She was seen stealing
the bag.
- No one expected that
those boys would become
good.
Moi theo doi tiep trang sau _
 LO<;l i bi dqng cong thuc Vfdl,.l

~52+ to be+ Vp2 (cua Vl)

~It wasn't expected that
+ to V2 hoi;!c + to have Vp2
those boys would become
(2 h~mh d(?ng cung thl se
B! d¢ng kep good.
sli dt,~ng to V, h2mh d(?ng
~ Those boys weren't
sau xay ra truce th1 dung
expected to become good.
to+ have+ vp2)

cau bi dqng:

Nl

Cau tuong thu~t Ia lo~i cau thu~t l~i loi n6i m¢t nguoi
khac duoi d~ng gian tiep.
- Thaydoi th1 cua cau:Th1 cua cac d9ng tutrong loi n6i gian tiep
thay doi theo m9t nguyen tac chung Ia lui ve qua khu.
- Thay doi d9i tu: Cac d9i tu nhan xling va d9i sd hOu khi chuyen
tu loi n6i trl:(c tiep sang loi n6i gian tiep du9c thay doi: vf d~.;J: 1 >
she/he, we> they.

Tn)c tiep Tuong thu~t

today that day

tonight that night
 Tnjc tiep TLiong thu~t

this morning/ evening that morning/ evening

now then

tomorrow the next day I the following day

yesterday the day before I the previous day

next (week) the next (week) I the following (week)

last (week) the (week) before I the previous (week)

(three days) ago (three days) before

this I these that I those

here there

cAu TlJONG THUAT d DJ:\NG KE (BANe LUI THI)

Tnjc tiep Gian tiep

Hi'n t~i ddn Qua khuddn

"I do it," he said He said he did it

Qua khuddn khu hoan thanh

"I did it," he said He said he had done it

Hi'n t~i hoan thanh Qua kha hosm thanh

"I have done it," he said He said he had done it

Hi'n t~i tiep dien Qua khu tiep dien

"I am doing it," he said He said he was doing it

Qua khu tiep dien khu hoan thanh tiep

"I was doing it," he said He said he had been doing it

Hien tai hoan thanh kha hoan thanh tiep

"I hav~ been doing it," he said He said he had been doing it
 Trl$c tiep

"I had done it," he said He said he had done it

tiep
"I had been doing it," he said He said he had been doing it

"I will/can/may do it," he said

CHO Y: Cac tr<;ld¢ng tU khiem khuyet(rnodal verbs) sau daykhong

t;anth?Y doi khi chu)len tu.cau tnjctiep sang cau tu<;ng thu~t:
"should",IIP~~ht to'', "needn't "/'w~uld", "could'',va "rnighe'. Vfdl:J:
Tnjc tjep: "Youshould sendyoL[rappHcationtomorrow/' Jill said.
Giantiep: Jill tqld me that I should sendrny application the next day.
*Co the ch1ng '1haq to" thay cho ~~must":
Tnjc tiep: "I must meet an important customer today," Jacksaid.
(jian tiep: Jacksaid that he had to meet an important customer that
day.

D<;mg cau true Vfdt:~

"Where did you go for

S +asked {+0)/wanted to your holiday, Brown?"
know/wondered + Susan ask.
Wh-questions
Wh-questions + S + V ~ Susan asked Brown
(lui thl) where he had gone for his
holiday.

"Are you the new

S +asked (+0}/wanted to
Yes-no questions
know/wondered+
if/whether + s + V (lui th1)
secretary?" Roger asked
Mary.
~ Roger asked Mary if
/whether she was the new
secretary.

Moi thee doi tiep trang sau

 Tu'ONG VOl cAc DQNG TU

Cau true Nghia cau true Nghia

Bu6c t6i ai ve
Told sb (not) to do st Bao ai lam gl Accused sb of doing st c1ieu g1.

Yeu cau ai Theta nh~n

Asked sb (not) to do st Admitted doing st
lam gl aieu g1

Khuyen ai
Denied doing st Phu nh~n
Advised sb (not} to do st
lamg1 aieu gl
Apologized (to sb) for Xin foi ai ve
Promised to do st Haa lam gl
doing st aieu g1
Congratulated sb on Chuc mung ai
Threatened to do st Be d9a lam g1
doing ve dieu gl

canh bao ai Khang khang

Warned sb (not} to do st Insisted on doing st
Iamgl aieug1

Invited sb to do st Moi ai lam g1 Suggested doing st G<?iyaieu g1

Nh<k nho ai Cam dn ai ve

Reminded sb to do st Thanked sb for doing st
famg1 aieugl

Khuyen khich Warned sb against Canh bao ai

Encouraged sb to do st
aifamgl doing st dung lam g1

Begged/ implored sb Cau xin ai f)o foi ai ve

Blamed sb for doing st
to do st Iamgl aieugl

Thu nh~n lam

Offered to do st Ngo Ioi Jam gl Confessed to doing st
aieugl

Agreed to do st Bong y lam g1

Tu'ONG THUAT vo1 cAu DIEU KI~N

Loaicau Hlnh thuc

Vfd1,1
dieu ki~n tliong thu~t

"If Thanh doesn't come, we'll set off without

her." Said David.
loSJi 1
-7 David said that if Thanh didn't come they
would set off without her.

Mdi theo doi tiep trang sau

 Loai diu Hlnh thuc Vfdt,~
dieu ki~n tuong thu~t

"If I were younger, I would learn to play

football," Mr. Roger said.
Lo;;~i2 -7 Gia nguyen
-7 Mr. Roger said that if he were younger, he
would learn to play football.

"If you had told me about the meeting, I

would have come," said Jenny.
-7 Gia nguyen
-7 Jenny said if I had told her about the
meeting, she would have come.

Cau tliong thu~t:

Cau hoi duoi Ia lo9i cau hoi ngan chung ta them vao cu6i
m<?t cau n6i trong khi dam tho9i. cau n6i di truce cau hoi
duoi thuong da day du y nghTa va phan duoi thuong dung
de xac minh l9i thong tin trong cau n6i di truce.
* ki~n 1: Neu ph fa truce Ia cau khang dinh (+) th1 ph fa sau Ia
phu dinh (-) va ngu<;)c l9i
* ki~n 2: Neu ph fa truce Ia To be th1 ph fa sau phai Ia To be, neu
ph fa truce Ia Vthl ph fa sau Ia tr<;J d(>ng tucua thl d6.
E.g 1: You are a doctor, aren'tyou?
2: She drives so carefully, doesnt she?

Moi theo doi tiep trang sau

MC;>t so tniong hc;ip can h.Ju y:
D;;:mg d~c bi~t
Let's + V ... , shall we?
I am ... , aren't I?
Nhling neu I am not thll9i dung am I
Vfdl:l
Let's go to the zoo, shall we?
- I am a student, aren't I?
-I am not easy-going, am I?

V ... (m~nh l~nh thuc), will you? Use the laptop, will you?
I wish ..., may I? I wish to study France, may I?

MC;>t so tn.Jong hc;;p d~c bi~t khac:

D(;'lng Vfdl:l
Chu ngu Ia One -7 dung One ho~c One can be an obligation to one's
You laydu6i friends, can't one?

Cau dau c6 must -7 Chi sli can thiet

-They must study hard, needn't they?
dung needn't -7 Chi st,J cim doan
-You mustn't come late, must you?
dung mustn't

Cau cam than, lay danh tu trong cau -What a beautiful dress, isn't it?
doi thanh d9i tu, dung is, am, are. - How intelligent you are, aren't you?

Cau dau c6 1+ cac dC;>ng tu sau: think,

believe, suppose, figure, assume,
fancy, imagine, reckon, expect, seem, - I think he will come here, won't he?
feel + m~nh de phl:J, lay m~nh de phl:J -I don't believe Joan can do it, can
lam cau hoi du6i.
she?
Lllu y:- M~nh de chfnh c6 not thl van
tfnh nhli o m~nh de phl:J -She thinks he will come, doesn't
- Cung mau nay nhling neu chu tu she?
kh6ng phai Ia I thll9i dung m~nh de
dau lam cau hoi du6i.

Cau dau c6 It seems that + m~nh de, It seems that you are right,
lay m~nh de sau lam cau hoi duoi aren't you?

Chu tu Ia m~nh de danh tu, dung "it"

What you have said is wrong, isn't it?
trong cau hoi du6i

Neither 51 nor 52 -7 Uiy du6i ca 2 chu

Neither you nor I am a doctor, are we?
ngu (khang djnh)

Ought to -7 shouldn't She ought to go to school early,

shouldn't she?

Chu ngu Ia nhung d9i tu bat djnh

Somebody wanted a drink, didn't
"Everyone, someone, anyone, no one,
they?
nobody..." diu hoi du6i Ia "they"
 Mqt so tn.Jong 19p di;ic bi~t kh;k:

D9ng Vf d!J
Chu ngu Ia nhung d9i tu bat djnh
Somebody wanted a drink, didn't
"Everyone, someone, anyone, no one,
they?
nobody..." cau hoi duoi Ia "they"

Trong cau c6 cc:k tr9ng tu phu djnh

va ban phu djnh nhli: never, seldom,
hardly, scarely, little... th1 cau d6 dli<?c He seldom drinks wine, does he?
xem nhu Ia cau phu djnh- phan hoi
duoi se 0 d9ng kh~mg dinh

Sau cau m~nh l~nh each (Do .. ./Don't

do v.v... ), cau hoi duoi thliong Ia ... Open the door, will you?
will you?

Chu tu Ia m~nh de danh tu, dung "it"

What you have said is wrong, isn't it?
trong cau hoi duoi

cau hoi duoi:

"Gerund" Ia h1nh thac "Verb+ing" dli9c dung vdi chac nang nhli
11
m<?t danh tu. Chung ta c6thedung Gerund"vdi cacvltrfsau:
a/Chu ngu:
-Smoking cigarettes is a bad habit.
b/ D6i ngu 'Complement' sau d9ng tu 'Be':
-My hobby is reading.
c/Tan ngu (object) sau m<?t s6 d<)ng tu:
-Please, don't keep interrupting me!
-Brenda is considering buying a new car.
d/ Dung sau cac gioi tu:
-You can't succeed without working hard.
-She earns her living by teaching English to young children.

* Nhung dc;>ng W theo

- Face: d6i di~n; dlidng dau
sau bang 'Gerund'
(Verb-ing) -Admit: thua
- Keep (on); ca tiep tt,JC - Finish: ho~m thanh
- {Not) mind: {kh6ng) ng9i - Fancy: tlidng tliqng; khoai
nhi;ln
-Miss: bolo - Give up: W bo
- Appreciate: cam kfch
- Postpone: hoan l9i -Can't help: kh6ng nhjn
- Avoid: tranh
- Practise: luy~n ti;lp; dLiQC
- Delay: trl hoan
thl,l'c h~mh -Imagine: tlidng tlic;jng
- Deny: phu nh~n
-Quit:W bo - Involve: dfnh lfu
- Detest: g het
- Recall: nho l<;li - Risk: danh lieu
- Dislike: kh6ng thfch
-Recollect: nho l9i -Suggest: de nghj
- Consider: xem xet
- Resent: bl,l'c tac -Can't stand: kh6ng chju
- Enjoy: khoai; thudng thac
-Tolerate: chju dl,(ng dlic;jc
- Waste (time): phf (thl gio)
- Put off: hoan l9i
- Spend (time): dung thl gio

E.g:- Mary refused to tolerate being called a liar

-I can't recall meeting that man before.
* Chu y:Chung ta c6 the dung d9i tu tan ngu (pronoun object)
ho~ctfnh tu sd huu (possessive adjective) sau cac d<)ng tu tren va
dung "Gerund" theo sau.
Vfdl:J:
-His parents don't mind him/his quitting the job.
-We appreciate you/your making the effort to come.

M9t so d¢ng tu thuong g~p theo sau bang 'gidi tu

+gerund'

Apologize for: xin loi Approve of: tan th~mh

Be I Get used to: quen vdi Disapprove of: khong tan th~mh
Feel like: cam thay thfch Prevent from: ngan can
 Look forward to: trong cho Accuse sb. of: cao bu¢c
Succeed in: th~mh cong Insist on: cu khang khang
Congratulate sb. on: khen ng<;;i Be accustomed to: quen thu¢c voi

-I reallyapologizefor keeping you waiting.

-Finally, they succeeded in reachingthetopofthe mountain.
-Brenda accused me of lying to her
* M<?ts6thanh nguthuong dli9ctheosau bang 'gerund'
It's no use I good doing sth: kh6ng fch g1
It's (not) worth doing sth: (kh6ng) dang lam
There's no point in doing sth: kh6ng can thiet phai lam gi
What/How about doing sth?: Con ... th1 sao?
Have difficulty/ trouble/ problems (in) doing sth: g~p kh6
khan/tro ng~i khi lam vi$c g1
E.g: -It's no use learning a foreign language if you don't practice it.
-There's no point in getting angry.

Nhung d¢ng tu theo sau bang nguyen mau c6 "To" (To-infinitive)

Agree: dong y Learn: hQC

Afford: c6 du tien Manage: xoay xo

Appear: to ra; xuat hi~n Offer: tl,i ng uy~n

Arrange: sap xep Plan: dl,i djnh

Attempt: co gang Pretend: g ia vo

Ask: hoi; yeu cau Determine: quyet tam

Choose: chQn Promise: hua

Decide: quyet djnh Refuse: tu ch6i

Demand: doi hoi Resolve: quyet djnh

Deserve: xung dang Seem: dliong nhli

 Nhung d¢ng tu theo sau bang nguyen mau c6 "To" (To-infinitive)

Expect: mong d<;:li Struggle: phan dau

Fail: that b<;~i Threaten: de d<;>a

Grow: tro nen Want: muon

Happen: tlnh co; xay ra Wish: mong muon

Hesitate: do dlj Would like: muon

Hope: hi v<;>ng

E.g: - She finally decided to quit the job.

- Please do not hesitate to contact me if you have any queries.

Nhung d()ng tu theo sau bang nguyen mau c6

"To" (To-infinitive}

-Ask: yeu cau - Mean: c6 y d!nh - Require: yeu cau

- Force: ep bu(>c
- Encourage: khuyen -Need: can -Teach: d~y
-Get: nhova
khfch - Order: ra l~nh -Tell: bao
- Help: giup do
-Cause: gay ra - Persuade: thuyet - Warn: canh bao
-Invite: moi
- Expect: mong d9i pht,JC - want/would like:
- Leave: cho phep
- Forbid: cam - Remind: nhik nhd muon

E.g: -The robbers forced the cashier to hand over the money.
-They invited Carol and me to have dinner with them.
-I won't persuade you to take up this game.

cac d()ng tu sau dung theo true:

+ object + To-infintive' ho~c 'Verb + Gerund' khi c6
tan ngu sau tu di tn.toc.

Advise
Allow +object+ To-infinitive
Encourage
Permit
+ 'Verb-ing'
Recommend

34
Vfdt;J:
- The travel agent advised us to wear casual clothes.
-The travel agent advised wearing casual clothes.
- He doesn't allow his children to come home late at night.
- He doesn't allow coming home late at night.
- She recommended me to read the book before seeing the
movie.
- She recommended reading the book before seeing the movie.
-The authorities encourage people to use public transportation.
-The authorities encourage using public transportation.

Nhung d<?ng tu sau day c6 the theo sau bang 'gerund' ho~c
To-infinitive' nhling cho y nghia khac nhau.

Stop doing st. Stop to do st.

Dang lam vi~c gl roi ngung l9i = Ngung l9i de lam m<?t vi~c kh<k
-I stopped smoking two years ago. -George had been working for hours,
so he stopped to smoke a cigarette.

Remember/ Forget doing st. Remember/Forget to do st.

Nhd ho~c quen m9t vi~c da xay ra
trong qua khd
- I remember meeting that man, but
not exactly where.
-I neverforget having a photo taken
with David Beckham.
Nhd ho~c quen m9t vi~c can phai lam
- I'm sure you didn't remember to lock
the door. Here's the key.
- Don't forget to let the doe out before
leaving home.

Try doing st Try to do st.

Lam thu vi~c gl Co gang lam vi~c gl
- If she's not at home, why don't you -Sally is trying to find a job, now that
try ringing her at the office? she's finished college.

Mean doing st. Mean to do st.

C6 nghTa Ia coy lam vi~c gl
- If we catch the early train, it will - I'm sorry, but I didn't mean to
mean getting up at 6.00. disturb you.
 Need doing st. Need to do st.
can phai dude lam g1 Can phai lam vi$c g1
-Your room is too dirty. It needs -You look very very tired. You need
cleaning. (= It needs to be cleaned.) to take a rest.

Regret doing st. Regret to do st.

An h~n vida lam vi$c g1 Lay lam tiek de n6i dieu
-She regretted telling him the truth. -I regret to inform you that your
(Or: She regretted having told him application has been unsuccessful
the truth.)

Go on doing st. Go on to do st.

Tiep tl,JC lam vi$c g1 Tit?p tl,Jc lam m9t vi$c khac
-She went on talking about her -She spoke about her son, then she
holiday all evening. went on to talk about her daughter.

Danh d9ng tu, d9ng tu nguyen mau:

~ 1. HI~N TJ:\1 PHAN TU

Hi$n t9i phan tu chfnh Ia d9ng tu them duoi "-ing"

N9i dung Vfdl,J

Dung trong cac thl tiep dien de diem
They are playing football at the
ta hanh d9ng dang xay ra t<;~i m9t
moment.
thoi diem nhat d!nh

Dung lam chu nga trong cau

Listening to music is his hobby
(vai tro gi6ng nhu m9t danh tu)

Moi theo d6i tiep trang sau

Hi~n t~i phan tu chfnh Ia d(?ng tu them duoi "-ing"

Nc?i dung Vfd1,1

She remembers meeting him

Dung lam tan nga cua d(?ng tu
somewhere.

Dung lam tan nga cua Cl,lm gioi tu Mary is interested in reading books.

Dung c:M mieu ta

hai hanh d(?ng:
- We sat in front of T.V, watching
- Xay ra cung m<)t thoi diem, m<)t football
chu nga
-Closing all the windows and the
- Xay ra noi tiep nhau, cung chung door carefully, she went to bed.
m<?t chu nga

Dung nhu tfnh tu trong cau The smiling girl is my sister

Dung trong m~nh de quan h~ I like the boy living next to me =I like
rut g9n the boy who lives next to me

Dung sau cac d(?ng tu chi tri giac: I saw flames rising and heard people
see, hear, feel, smell, taste, ... shouting.

Dung nhli bo nga cua chu nga:

nhang cau d~ng s + Be + My hobby is playing computer games
complement (bo nga)

Nqi dung Vfd~:J

Dung trong cac th1 hoan thEmh Ha has learnt English for 5 years

Dung nhli tfnh tu trong cau She lived in an isolated village

Dung trong cau bj d(?ng The boy is taught how to play the piano

Dung trong m$nh de quan h$ I have read the novel written by Phong
rut g9n = I have read the novel which was
written by Phong

Moi theo doi tiep trang sau

~ 3. PHAN TV HOAN THANH

Nqi dung Vldt:~

Chi mqt hc'mh dqng da ho~m tat, thu'ong c6

d9ng: Having+ Vp2 •
- C6 chac nang tr9ng ngu du'<?c rut g9n de
Having finished all her
dien ta hc'mh d9ng da ho~m th~mh tru'dc m<?t
homework, she went to
hc':mh d9ng khac xay ra trong qua kha (keo dai
bed.
hdn hanh d(>ng tha hai).
Lu'u y: o the phu dlnh NOT dang tru'dc having
+ V-ed.

Ph~m tu:

D9i tu Ia tu thay the cho danh tu, tranh sl;i l~p l9i danh tu.

£>9i tu nhan xung

Chu ngu Tan ngu

ng6i tha nhat I me

sort ngoi tha hai you you
ng6i tha ba he/she/it him/her/it

ng6i tha nhat we us

So nhieu ngoi tha hai you you
ngoi tha ba they them
 tu d!nh:
something, someone, somebody, anything, anyone, anybody,
everything, everyone, everybody, nothing, no one, nobody, all,
one, none, other, another, much, less, (a) few, (a} little, enough,
each, either, neither.
tu ph an than:
Myself, yourself, himself, herself, itself, ourselves, yourselves,
themselves
D~i tu quan h~:
Who, whom, which, that, whose
D~i tu chi djnh:
This, that, these, those ...
£)~i tu nghi van:
Who, whom, whose, what, which
Ex: Who keeps the keys?
Whose umbrella did you borrow?

Tu h~n djnh Vfd'-:1

Many There aren't many people living here.

-A number of+ danh tu s6

-A number of countries are overproducing
nhieu + a{mg tu s6 nhieu
goods.
-The number of+ danh tu s6
nhieu + a{mg tu s6 ft -The number of visitors increases rapidly.

Few people can say that they always tell

Few/a few
the truth

Several I've checked it several times.

Every I go for walk every morning.

Each Each day seems to pass very slowly

Moi theo doi tiep trang sau

39
 TU HAN DINH VOl DANH TU KHONG DEM Dli~C

Tu ht,m djnh Vfdt,J

Much Does the newspaper have much information?

An amount of He borrowed a large amount of money

A great deal of A dishwasher uses a great deal of electricity

Little/a Little There is little sugar in my coffee.

* Lliu y:
-few, little (ft, khong nhieu): thliong c6 nghla phu d!nh, It
khong dude dung.
- a few I a little (m<;>t vai, m<;>t ft): thliong c6 nghla khang
dinh, It dude dung.

TU HAN DINHDUNG CHO cA DANH TCJ DEM DlldC

VA KHONG DEM Dli~C .

Tu h~n djnh Vfdt,J

Plenty of There were plenty of berries.

-Would you like some beer?

Some/ any
- We haven't got any butter.

A lot of/ lots of He has a lot of/lots of friends here.

Lu'u y:
-some: thu'ong dung trong cau khang djnh, cau yeu diu, loi moi,
loi de nghj.
-any: thu'ong dung trong cau phu djnh, nghi van

Moi thee doi tiep trang sau

-Both+ danh tu dem du'<;Sc so nhieu
E.g: Both restaurants are very good.
~uo.u'li"!l"\oll"+danhtu ft
E.g: Neither restaurant is expensive.
-Either+ danh tu soft
E.g: We can go to either restaurant

E.g:- Both of these restaurants are very good.

-Neither of the restaurants is expensive.
-We can go to either of those restaurants.

M~otu each dung

A/an "A" va "An" c6 each su dt,mg gan giong nhau. Tuy nhien,
dung "An" khi chu dang sau bat dau bang nguyen am (a, o,
u e, i) va dung "A" khi chu dang sau bat dau bang cac pht.,J
amconl9i.
E.g: An egg, a dog
- Tu "A" va "An" dung khi danh tu nguoi n6i nhac den
khong d~c bi~t.
E.g: I would like an apple.
-"A" va "An" dung de gidi thi~u ve thu Ian dau tien nhac tdi
vdi ngLtoi nghe (nguoi nghe chua biet gl ve thu nay}. Sau
khi gidi thi~u, nguoi n6i c6 the dung m~o tu "The" khi
n hac tdi v~t d6.
E.g: John has a dog and cat. The dog is called Rover, and
the cat is ca lied Fluffy.

The
1. Khi v~t the hay nh6m v~t the Ia duy nhat ho~c duqc xem
laduynhat
M~otu each dung

E.g:Thesun, the world, the earth ...

2. Trude mqt danh tu, vdi dieu ki~n danh tu nay vua mdi
duqc de c~p trudc d6.
E.g: I saw a beggar. The beggar looked curiously at me
3. Trude mqt danh tu, vdi dieu ki~n danh tu nay duqc xac
djnh bang m<?t ct:Jm tu ho~c m<?t m~nh de.
E.g: The girl in uniform
4. Trude m<?t danh tC/ chi m<?t v~t rieng bi~t
E.g: My father is working in the garden
5. Trude so sanh eve cap, trudc "first" (thu nhat), "second"
(thu nhl), "only" (duy nhat) ... khi cac tu nay duqc dung nhu
tfnh tu hayd~i tu.
E.g:Thefirstday
6. "The" + Danh tC/ soft tuqng trung cho m<?t nh6m dqng
v~t, m<?t loa i ho~c do v~t.
E.g: The small shopkeeper is finding business increasingly
difficult
7. "The"+ Danh tu soft dung tn.tdc m<?t dqng tu so ft. D~i tu
Ia "He/She/It"
E.g: The first-class passenger pays more so that he enjoys
some comfort.
8. "The" + Tfnh tu tuqng trung cho m<?t nh6m nguoi, m<?t
tang ldptrong xa h<?i
E.g: The old (nguoi gia); the rich and the poor (nguoi giau
va nguoi nghew)
9. "The" dung trudc nhung danh tu rieng chi bien, song,
quan dao, day nui, ten gQi so nhieu cua cac nude, sa m~c,
mien.
E.g: The Pacific (Thai Blnh Dlidng); The Netherlands (Ha
Lan)
-The Crimea (Vung Crime); The Alps (day Alps)
10. "The" cung dung Trude nhung ten gQi gom Danh tu +
of+danhtu
E.g:- The Gulf of Mexico (Vjnh Mehico)
-The United States of America (Hi~p chung qu6c Hoa Ky).
Nhung nguoi ta l~i n6i:
- South Africa (Nam Phi), North America (Bac My), West
Germany (Tay Due), m~c du The North of Spain (Bac Tay
Ban Nha), The Middle East (Trung Dong); The West (Tay
Phlidng)
11. "The"+ h<? (o so nhieu) nghla Ia Cia dlnh ...
Mc;totu each dung

E.g: The Smiths= Cia dlnh nha Smith (v9 chong Smith va
caccon)
12. Dung 'the'tru'dc nh(ilc Cl,l
Ta dung "the" tn..idc ten cac nh(i~C Cl,l khi de c~p den cac
nh9c Cl,l d6 n6i chung ho~c chdi cac nh9c Cl,l d6.
E.g: The violin isdifficultto play.

1. Tru'dc ten qu6c gia, ten chau ll,IC, ten nlii, ten ho, ten
du'ong.
E.g: Europe (Chau Au), South America (Nam My), France
(Phap qu6c), Downing Street (Ph6 Downing)
2. Khi danh tu khong dem dli<?c ho~c danh tu s6 nhieu
dung theo nghla chung nhat, chu khong chi rieng tru'ong
h<;jpnao.
E.g: I don't like French beer (T6i kh6ng thfch bia Phap-
m~c du n6i Ia bia Phap nhung van con chung chung)
3. Trude danh tu truu tu<;jng, tru phi danh tu d6 chi m¢t
tru'ong h<?p ca bi~t.
E.g: Men fear death.
4. Sau tfnh tu so huu (possessive adjective} ho~c sau danh
tuoso huu each (possessive case).
E.g:- My friend, chu kh6ng n6i My the friend
-The girl's mother=the motherofthegirl (M~cua c6gai)
5. Trude ten g<;>i cac bua an.
E.g: They invited some friends to dinner.
6. Trudccactudc hi~u
E.g:- President Roosevelt (Tong thong Roosevelt)
-King Louis XIV of France (Vua Louis XIV cua Phap)
7. Trude cac mon the thao, mon h<;>c, ngay nghi
- Ta kh6ng dung "the" trudc ten bat kl m6n the thao nao:
baseball, basketball. ..
- Ta kh6ng dung "the" trudc ten cac m6n h<;>c n6i chung:
mathematics
- Ta kh6ng dung "the" trudc ten cac ngay le, tEh:
Christmas, Thanksgiving

-Vdi'home'
+ Khi home dung m<?t mlnh th1 n6c6thedu<?cd~ttn,Jctiep
sau m<?t d9ng tu chi sl,i chuyen d<?ng. Trong truong h<?p
nay home du<;jc xem nhu Ia tr9ng tu va kh6ng du<;jc sli
M~otu each dung

dt,mg the o day.

E.g: He went home. I arrived home after dark.
+ Tuy nhien, neu home dli9c d~t trlioc ho~c dli9c theo sau
boi mot tu hoac cum tu mieu ta ve home d6 thl khi d6
home .dli9C xem giong nhli m(>t danh tlJ Va CO the Slt
dt,mg the o day.
E.g: We arrived at the bride's home.
- Voi 'bed, church, court, hospital, prison,
school/college/university'
+ M~o tu the kh6ng dli9c sU' dt,mg trlioc c<k danh tu dli9c
li~t ke 0 tren khi cac danh tu chi ndi chon nay dli9C den
tham ho~C dli9C Slt dt,mg cho mi,JC dfch nguyen thuy CUa
nguoi dung.
E.g: We can leave school, leave hospital, be released from
prison.
+ Khi cac danh tu chl ndi chon nay dli9c tham ho~c dli9c
sU'd~,-~ng cho m~,-~cdfch khacthl can sU'd1,.1ng m~otuthe
E.g:: He goes to the prison sometimes to give lectures.
(kh6ng phai VaO tu do CO t(>i ma vao tU do CO mi,JC dfch khac
[give lectures-giang d<_w])
- Voi cac nh~c c~,-~
+ Ta dung "the" trlidc ten cac nh~c CI,J khi de c~p den cac
nh~c CI,J d6 n6i chung ho~c chdi cac nh~c CI,J d6.
E.g: The violin is difficult to play.
+ Ta kh6ng dung "the" trlidc ten cac lo~i hlnh nh<?C CI,J
trong cac hlnh thuc am nh~c CI,J the (Jazz, Rock, classical
music ... )
E.g: To performjazzon trumpet and piano.
+ Dung "the" trlidc ten nh~c CI,J khi b9n dang n6i ve kha
nang chdi nh<?CCI,J CUa ai
E.g: She already played the guitar.
+ Muon n6i ve cac vai tro trong m(>t nh6m nh<?C hay trong
m<?t ban nh<?c, ta kh6ng dung m<?otu"the"
E.g: Making up an unusual trio of trumpet, guitar, and
drums.

Danh tu vatu h9n d!nh:

D~i tu quan hf#/
Chuc nang
Tr'11ng tu Vldi:J
trong diu
quan hf#

Minh is a person who loves to be the

Who (thay s (chu nga) center of attention.
cho nguoi)

o (tan nga) Minh who you saw yesterday is my

friend.

LLiu y:
who con dung trong cau true cau che:
It + to be + N (nglioi) + who + ...
E.g:
-It is Minh who helped you. (Minh helped you)
- It was the girls who were helped by the man. (The girls
were helped by the man)

I didn't like the hotel which was of low

Which (thay s (chu ngQ) quality.
cho v~t va
loai v~t)
o (tan nga) The house which we paid a visit to is
very nice.

s (chu nga thay

cho ca mf#nh de She got married to a young guy, which
phfa trlidc, dung surprised everybody.
sau dau phay

Whom (thay The men whom you talked to yesterday

cho nguoi) o (tan ngQ) were very rich.

That (thay cho -The men that talked to you yesterday

nguoi, v~t s (chu nga) were very rich.
ho~c loai v~t) -This is the hotel that is of low quality.

o (tan ngQ) -The men that you talked to yesterday

were very rich.
- He was sent to prison for a crime that
he didn't commit.

Moi theo doi tiep trang sau

 Lliuy:
*That (khong phai which) dli<?c dung lam s (chu ngu)
trong m$nh de quan h$ khi c6 tu di truck Ia: "all, little,
much, none"
E.g: -I'm afraid there's little that can help you.
-These walls are all that remain of the ancient city.
*That con dli<;jcdung trong sosanh hdn nhat.
E.g:- This is the most beautiful house that I have ever
visited.
* Khong dung that trong m$nh de quan h$ khong xac
dlnh.
E.g:- Minh introduced me to Luan, who worked with her
on the project. (dung)
-Minh introduced me to Luan, that worked with her on
the project. (sai)
*That (thaythe cho v~t, Cl,Jm tu ho~c doi khi Ia ca nglioi)
con dli<;jc dung trong cau true cau che:
E.g: -It was Trung that helped you. (Trung helped you)
-It is in the year of2018 that Vietnam football team won
AFF cup. (Vietnam football team won AFF cup in the
yearof2018)

-There was a picture in the paper of a

Whose (thay C6 y nghla sd man whose leg had been blown off.
cho nguoi, v~t huu: 'of whom/
- Do you remember Trung, whose friend
ho~c loai v~t) of which'
you talked to yesterday?

- I don't know the school where Linh is

Where (thay tu C6 y nghla "d t9i studying.
chi ndi chon) dau": 'at/ in/on -You should go to a store where you can
which' buy food.

-I never forget the day when I first

When (thay tu C6 y nghla "khi kissed her.
chi thoi gian) nao": 'on /at -She arrived at a time when I was not
which' ready.

-They did not tell her the reason why

C6 y nghla "ly (for which) they chased her.
Why (chlly do)
do": 'for which'
Chu y: Why thliong dung sau tu 'reason'.

s (chu ngu), c6 y - Could you give this message to

Whoever (thay nghla: "bat ca
ai whoever is in charge of sales?
cho nguoi ma ... " =Could you give this message to anyone
=anyone who who is in charge of sales?

Moi theo d6i tiE?p trang sau

 o {tan ngu), c6 -She's a divorced woman, so she is free
Whomever y nghla: to marry whomever she chooses.
(thay cho nglloi) "batca ai ma ..." =She's a divorced woman, so she is free
= anyone whom to marry anyone whom she chooses.

-The politician winning (= who won) the election has

Rut g9n ve V-ing
promised to improve the living conditions.
khi cau mang tfnh
-Jake, wanting(= who wanted) to make an impression
chu d¢ng
on his friends, offered to pay for the meal.

-The film shown(= which was shown) on Channel 7 last

Rut g9n ve Vp2
night was made by a twenty-five year old director.
khi cau mang tfnh
- Her latest book, written(= which was written) in Spain,
bld¢ng
has caused a lot of controversy.

* Rut g9n veto V - Trung was the only student to win (who won) the
khi dang truck Ia scholarship.
s6 tha tlj (the first, -I think Vinh is the best candidate to apply (who applies)
second, third, last, for the post.
only+ N) ho~c tfnh -He was the third person to be killed (who was killed) in
tu so sanh hdn this way. (d<;mg b! d¢ng vdi to V)
nhat
Lllu y: Chung ta c6 the dung To-infinitive (to V) de gian
lll<;jc m~nh de quan h~ khi c6 m¢t trong cac tu:
"something, anything, nothing, everything, somebody,
anybody, nobody, everybody, somewhere, anywhere,
nowhere, everywhere" (day cCmg Ia kien thac ve m~nh
dedanh ngu)
E.g:- There was nothing to do about it- the situation was
beyond our control. (=There was nothing we could do
about it- the situation was beyond our control.)
-We need someone to look after the children while we
are at work. (=We need someone who will look after the
children while we are at work.)

M~nh de quan h~:

 TfNH TV D):\NG V-ING VA ED

Tfnh tuduoi -ing chitfnh chat, -ed chi cam xuc.

E.g:
- The interesting film makes me interested (89
phim c6 tfnh chat thu vj, lam toi cam thay hang
Tfnh tu chi tfnh chat va
thu)
tfnh tu chi cam xuc
- Everyone was surprised that he passed the
examination (cam xuc cua m9i nglioi)
- It was quite surprising that he passed the
examination (tfnh chat cua sl,fvi$c)

Tfnh tu duoi V-ing mang tfnh chu d<)ng va tfnh tu

Tfnh tu mang tfnh bj
d<)ng va tfnh tu mang
tfnh chu dqng
duoi V-ed mang tfnh bj d<)ng.
E.g:
- As my enclosed resume shows, I have more than
10 years of the training experience you seek (Nhli
trong cv dfnh kern cua toi chi ra, toi c6 hdn 10 nam
kinh nghi$m ma bc;m tim kiem.)
- llovethishousewith beautifullydecoratedwalls

THU Tl/ CUA TfNH TV

Tha tl,(: Opinion -Size- Age- Shape- Color- Origin - Material - Purpose + N

1. Opinion: nice, awesome, lovely... 6. Origin: Swiss, Italian, English ...

2. Size: big, small, heavy... 7. Material: woolly, cotton, plastic ...
3. Age: old, new, young, ancient... 8. Purpose: walking {socks), tennis
4. Shape: round, square, oval... (racquet), electric (iron) ...
5. Color: green, red, blue, black ...

Moi theo doi tiep trang sau

so tu
 Adjective (Adj) Adverb (Adv)

- Tfnh tu Ia tu dung de chi tfnh - Tr~ng tu thuong Ia m<?t thanh

chat, mau sac, tr~ng thai, ...
- Tfnh tu dlic;:lc dung de m6 ta tfnh
chat hay cung cap them thong
tin cho danh tu.
V! TRf CUA TfNH TU
l.Dung sau d(?ng tuTo be
E.g: My job is so boring
2. Dung sau m<?t so d(?ng tu
linking verb: become, get, seem,
look, appear, sound, smell, taste,
feel, remain, keep, make
E.g:- Your friend seems very nice
3. Dung trlidc danh tu
E.g: She is a famous
businesswoman.
phan bo sung y nghTa cho d(?ng
tu ho~c cad3u
V! TRf CUA TRANG TU
1. Dung sau d(?ng tu thliong
E.g: Tom wrote the memorandum
carelessly
2. Dung trlidc tfnh tu
E.g:-Sheissinging loudly
3. Dung trlidc tr~ng tu khac
E.g: - Maria learns languages
terribly quickly
4. Dung dau diu, bo nghia cho ca
cau
E.g: Unfortunately, the bank was
closed by the time I got here.

- Adj/adv +enough (for sb) +to V: Du ... lam gl

- Enough + N (for sb) to v: Du cai gl de lam gl
Enough E.g:
- He is strong enough to lift the box.
-I don't have enough money to buy a car.

-Too + adj/adv (for sb) to V: Qua ... de lam g1 (hlnh thuc

khang djnh nhling nghTa phu djnh)
Too E.g: The coffee was too hot for me to drink (I couldn't
drink the coffee)
=The coffee was so hot that I couldn't drink it.

Moi theo doi tiep trang sau

 - So + adj/adv: Qua, rat ...
So
E.g: The food is so good.

Tfnh tu va tr9ng tu:

1. So sanh hdn - Tfnh tu ngEm (Short Adj): + V + adj/adv + er +than +

N/pronoun
- Tfnh tu dai (Long Adj): s + v + more+ adj/adv +than +
N/pronoun
E.g:
-He is taller than his father.
-She speaks English more fluently than her friend.
Lu'uy:
NhQng tfnh tu ngan keh thuc bang m<;>t phi,J am ma
ngay truck n6 Ia nguyen am duy nhat thl chung ta
nhan doi phv am len r6i them "er" trong so sanh hdn
va "est" trong so sanh nh~h. (ex: hot- hotter- hottest)
NhQng tfnh tu c6 hai van, ket thuc bang cha "y" thl doi
"y" thanh "i" r6i them "er" trong so sanh hdn va "est"
trong so sanh nhat (ex: happy- happier- happiest)
NhQng tfnh tu/tr9ng tu d<;>c tu hai am trd len g<;>i Ia tfnh
tu dai, m<;>t am g<;>i Ia tfnh tu ngan. Tuy nhien, m<;>t so
tfnh tu c6 hai van nhling ket thuc bang "le", "et", "ow",
"er"van xem Ia tfnh tu ngan (vf dv: slow- slower)
M9t so tfnh tu nhli: senior, junior, superior, inferior,
anterior, posterior, bim than chung da ngv y so sanh
hdn, nen khong them "more", va theo sau Ia "to" cha
khong phai "than".
 So sanh hdn du'<;jc nhan m<?nh bang each them
"much" ho~c "far" trlidc h1nh thuc so sanh
E.g: The blue house is much/far larger than the green
one.

2. So sanh bang - Khang d!nh (positive): S + V + as + adj/adv + as +

N/pronoun
- Phu d!nh (negative): S + V + not+ so/as+ adj/adv +
N/Pronoun
E.g:- She is as beautiful as her sister
-He is as stupid as his friend
Lu'u y: So sanh bang nhau cung c6 the dli<;jc dien d9t
bang ca u true "the sa me as"
S + V +the same+ (noun)+ as+ noun/ pronoun
E.g: All students just do the same as their instructor.

3. So sanh nhat - Tfnh tu ngan (Short adj): s + V +the+ adj/adv +est+

N/pronoun
- Tfnh tu dai (Long adj): s+V + the most + adj/adv +
N/pronoun.
E.g:- She is the most beautiful girl I have ever seen.
-This is the longest river in the world.
Lliuy:
Nhung tfnh tu ngan ket thuc bang m9t ph1,1 am ma
ngay tru'dc n6 Ia nguyen am duy nha"t th1 chung ta
nhan doi phl,.l am lem roi them "er" trong so sanh hdn
va "est" trong so sanh nhat. (ex: hot -hotter-hottest)
Nhung tfnh tu c6 hai van, ket thuc bang chu "y" th1 doi
"y" thanh "i" roi them "er" trong so sanh hdn va "est"
trong sosanh nhat (ex: happy-happier- happiest)
Nhung tfnh tU/tr9ng tu d9c tu hai am trd len g9i Ia tfnh
tu dai, m<?t am g9i Ia tfnh tu ngan. Tuy nhien, m<?t s6
tfnh tu c6 hai van nhu'ng ket thuc bang
"le","et","ow","er"v2m xem Ia tfnh tu ngan (vf d1,1: slow-
slower- slowest)
So sanh nhat c6the dli<?c bo nghTa bang "much" ho~c
"by far":
E.g: He is the greatest by far.

Moi theo doi tiep trang sau

4. so sanh kep 1. So sanh dong tien (dmg ... dmg)
The+ comparative+ S + V +the+ comparative+ S + V
(trong phan comparative, neu adj/adv ngan thl them
-er, dai thl them more+ adj/adv)
E.g:- The sooner you take your medicine, the better
you will feel.
-The more you learn, the better you will be.
-The colder it gets, the more uncomfortable I become.
2.Sosanh luytien (cang ngaycang)
Short adj: S + V + adj + er +and+ adj + er
Long adj: S + V +more and more+ adj
E.g:- The weather gets colder and colder
-The exams are becoming more and more difficult

s. so sanh gap S + V +multiple numbers+ as+ much/many/adj/adv +

nhieu lan (N) +as+ N/pronoun.
E.g: -The bicycle costs three times as much as the
other one.
- Marytypestwiceasfast as I do.
Lliu y: twice that many/twice that much = gap doi
ngan ay...chi dli<?c dung trong van n6i, khong dli<?c
dung trong van viet.
E.g: We have expected 80 people at that rally, but
twice that many shown up (twice as many as that
number).

Cau so sanh:

Moi theo doi tiep trang sau

Dung de n6i cac thanh phan ngu phap tlidng dlidng nhau (ket
n6i 2 tu vljng, cl:Jm tu or m$nh de)
Gom cac tu n6i sau: For-And-Nor-But-Or-Yet-So
Tunoi
-For+ clause: VI, bdi vi (giai thfch ly
do ho~c ml:Jc dfch).
Lu'u y: Khi for Ia m9t lien tu, for chi
dang d giaa cau, sau for phai su
dl:Jng m9t m~nh de va tru'oc for phai
c6 dau phay (,)
-And: Va (them, bo sung vao 1 tha
khac, kEh n6i th~mh phan tlidng
dudng nhau
-Nor: Khong (dung de bo sung y phu
djnh vao y da phu djnh tn.Jdc d6)
-But: Nhung (dien ta doi l~p)
Lu'u y: But= except (for)= apart from
= other than: Ngo9i tru
- Or: Ho~c (them Iva chc;m khac)
Luu y: Or = if not: Neu kh6ng
= FAN BOYS
Vfdl:l
I do morning exercise every day, for
I want to keep fit (for + clause, c6 dau
phay a ph fa truck)
- I do morning exercise every day to
keepfitand relax.
- Wewerewetandtired
- Bring the flowers into a warm
room and they'll soon open.
- Many fruits are good for your eyes,
such as carrots, oranges,
tomatoes(,) and mango.
I don't like listening to music nor
playing sports. (t6i kh6ng thfch nghe
nh9c cOng kh6ng/va (kh6ng thfch)
chdi the thao
-He works quickly but accurately.
-You can invite Keith to the party, but
please don't ask that friend of his.
-I don't like anyone but my family.
-You can play games or watch TV.
-You should eat more, or you'll make
yourself ill.
=You should eat more, if not, you'll
make yourself ill.
 Tunoi
- Yet= however: Tuy nhi€m (dung de
n6i 1 y ngli9c voi y truoc d6)
- So: V1 v~y (N6i ve ket qua ho~c anh
hliong cua h~mh d(>ng/slj vit?c nhac
truoc d6)
2. LIEN TU TL1dNG QUAN (CORRELATIVE CONJUNCTIONS)
Dung de ket noi 2 ddn vj tu vdi nhau va luon di vdi nhau khong
tach roi.
Lien tu tlidng quan
- Either ... or: ho~c cai/nglioi nay
ho~c cai/nglioi kia
- Neither ... nor: Khong cai nay,
khong cai kia
- Both ... and: Ca cai nay va cai kia
- Not only ... but also: Khong
nhung ... macon
LLiu y: Khi dlia not only len dau cau
(nhan m;;:tnh) thl phai ap dt,mg
dao ngu
- Whether ... or: Li$u cai nay hay
cai kia
Vfdl:l
- I took a book with me on my holiday,
yet I didn't read a single page.
- I've started dating a soccer player,
so now I can watch the game each
week.
Vfdl:l
-I left it either on the table or in the
drawer
-Either John or his friends are going to
the beach today.
- Either you go out of my house or I will
call the police.
-I want neither the pizza nor the
sandwich. I'll just need some biscuits.
-Neither John nor his friends are going
to the beach today.
-Neither they invited me to the party
nor I want to go there.
- I want both the pizza and the
sandwich. I'm very hungry now.
- Both men and women have
complained about the advertisement.
- I'll eat them both: not only the pizza
but also the sandwich.
-Not only did he turn up late, (but) he
also forgot his books.
-I'm going, whether she likes it or not.
- I didn't know whether you'd want the
pizza or the sandwich, so I got you
both.
 Lien tu ph~.:~ thu<?c
- After/Before + clause, clause: Sau
khi/tn.toc khi
Lliu y: Cac lien tu tren c6 the dung
au ho~c giaa 2 mt?nh de
-Although/even though/though
+ clause, clause: M~c du
= Adj/adv +though/as+ S + V, clause
= No matter how + adj/adv + S + V,
clause
=However+ adj/adv + S + V, clause
Lliu y: In spite of/despite+ N/V-ing
-As= when: Khi
-As = because: Bdi vi
Lliu y: Ph~.:~ thu(?c nga cimh de dung
nghTa cho h<;!p, as c6 the dung dau
ho~c giaa 2 mt?nh de.
- As/so long as + clause, clause:
Mien Ia
Lliu y: Lien tu c6 the dung dau
ho~c giaa 2 mt?nh de
- As soon as = the moment +
clause, clause: Ngay khi
- Because/since/as= now that= in
that = on the grounds that: Boi vi
Lliu y: Because of= owing to =due
to (tieu qic) = by virtue of= as a
result of= by reason of= for= in
view of+ N/V-ing
-Even if: Ke ca khi/ du ... hay kh6ng
Vfdl:l
- He watched TV after he had finished
his work.
- Before he watched TV, he had
finished his work
-Although/though/even though he is
old, he goes jogging every morning.
=Old as/though he is, he goes jogging
every morning
= No matter how old he is, he goes
jogging every morning
=However old he is, he goes jogging
every morning
= In spite of/despite his old age, he goes
jogging every morning
- He watched TV after he had finished
his work.
- Before he watched TV, he had
finished his work
-I can come as/so long as I can leave
by7.00.
- As soon as/the moment I saw her, I
knew there was something wrong.
- I didn't go to school today because/
since/as it rained so heavily.
- Because of/owing to the heavy rain,
I didn't go to school today.
- Even if you take a taxi, you'll still miss
your train.
Moi theo doi tiep trang sau
 Lien tu ph~.:~ thu<_>c Vldl:l

-You can't get a job unless you've got

experience
- If/unless: Neu/neu khong
= If you have experience, you can get a
job.

-We left early so that we wouldn't be

- So that/in order that: De
caught in the traffic jam.

- Hadn't we better wait until Antony's

- Until: Cho toi khi
here?

- When = as: Khi -When she cries, I just can't think

- While: Trong khi - I was washing the dishes while my

sister was cleaning the floor.
- While = whereas (dung giua
-While I accept that he's not perfect in
m~nh de) = although: Trong khi
d6, nhung many respects, I do actually quite like
the man.

- In case: Trong truong h<;lp, phong

khi
-In case you get lost, bring a map.
In case of= in the event of+ N/
V-ing

4. TRANG TO' LIEN KET (CONJUNCTIVE ADVERB)

Tr~ng tu lien ket dong vai tro lien ket y tlidng trong cau de cau van
mang tfnh m~ch l~c hdn.

Afterwards: sau nay, r6i thl Anyway: du sao, ft nhat

Besides: ngoai ra Consequently: do d6, boi v~y
Eventually: cu6i cung Finally: cu6i cung, rot cu<?c
For example/for instance: vf dt,~ However: tuy nhien
Instead: thay vl Later: ve sau
Likewise: hdn nua Nevertheless: tuy nhien
Otherwise: each khac, ve m~t khac Now: baygio

Moi theo doi tiep trang sau

 Tr<ilng tu lien ket dong vai tro lien ket y tliong trong cau de cau van
mang tfnh m<ilch l<ilc hdn.

Then: roi thl Still: van con

Thus: nhu' v~y, do d6 Therefore: v1 the
First/second ... : tha nhat, tha hai Unfortunately: khong may man thay

Lien tu:

- at (luc, vao luc) dung cho thoi gian trong ngay va vao nhung
ngayle
E.g: at 5 o'clock, at 11:45, at midnight, at Christmas
- on (vao) dung cho ngay, ngay thang, ngay thang nam va cac
ngaycl;jthe
E.g: on Wednesday, on 15 April, on 20 July 1992, on Christmas day,
on Friday morning, on my birthday
- in (trong, vao) dung cho thang nam mua the kiva cac buoi trong
ngay (ngo9i tru at night)
E.g: in 1998, in September, in March 1999, in the winter, in the 21st
century, in the 1970s, in the morning
- after: sau, sau khi
E.g: shortly after six (sau sau gio m<?t chut), after lunch, half after
seven in the morning (nua tieng sau bay gio vao buoi sang), I'll see
you after the meeting
- before:tn.ioc, trlioc khi
E.g: before lunch, two days before Christmas, the day before
yesterday, she regularly goes for a run before breakfast
- between: giua hai khoang thoi gian
E.g: between 6 pm and 8 am, between Monday and Friday, I'm
usually free between Tuesday and Thursday.
Luuy:
- Khong dung cac gioi tu in, on, at trlioc every, last, next, this,
tomorrow, yesterday...
- Cac gioi tu chi thoi gian: about, by, during, for, from, since, till,
until, to, ...
- for: trong khoang thoi gian
E.g: for two hours (trong hai gio), for 20 minutes (trong 20 phut),
for five days (trong nam ngay), for a long time, for ages (trong m<?t
khoang thai gian dai) ...
- since:tu, tu khi
E.g: since ten past six (tu 6h10), since Monday (tu tha hai), since
yesterday (tu hom qua), since 1987 (tu nam 1987), since we were
children (tu khi chung toi con nho), ...
- till/ until: den, cho den khi
E.g: He'll be at work until/ till half past five. Anh ay se lam vi~c den
Sh30
I slept from 9am till/ until 4pm. (Toi da ngu tu 9h sang den 4h
chieu)
- up to: den, cho den
E.g: Up to now he's been quiet. (Cho den bay gio anh ay van im
l~ng)
- Khong dung cac gioi tu in, on, at trlioc every, last, next, this,
tomorrow, yesterday
E.g: I'll come and see you next summer. (Toi se den tham b9n vao
mua hesau)

Moi theo doi tiep trang sau

tu
 gioituchi
1. At (t~i): Dung cho m<?t vj trf, m<?t dja diem xac djnh ho~c m<?t dja
chi c6s6 nha.
E.g: at the meeting, at home, at 5 Quang Trung ...
2. On (tren): du'<;jc dung cho be m~t cua v~t, m<?t ndi chon ho~c
tang nha.
E.g: on the door, on the farm, on the floor ...
On con du'<;jc dung cho du'ong ph6, phu'dng ti~n di l~i.
E.g: on Bui Thi Xu an Street, on a bus, ...
3.1n (trong): Dung de chi m9t ngu'oi hay m<?t v~t d m<?t ndi nao.
Eg: in the box, in the city, ...
4. Ngoai cac gioi tu in, at, on ra con c6 cac gioi tu chi ndi chon
khacnhu:
inside (ben trong), outside (ben ngoai), near (gan), by, next to,
beside (ben c~nh), over (d tren), above (phfa tren), opposite {doi
di~n), under (d du'oi), in front of (d tru'oc), behind (phfa sau),
around, round {xung quanh), between {d giua 2 ngu'oi ho~c v~t),
among (d giua nhieu ngu'oi, v~t), against (tva vao) ...
E.g: My house is near a lake.

1/ Verbs + 'about'

-Care about sb/sth: coi tr9ng -Talk about sb/sth: n6i chuy$n ve
(Care for: thfch, muon) -Tell sb about sb/sth: n6i voi ai ve
- Dream about/of sb/sth: md ve -Think about/of sb/sth: nghT ve
-Hear about sth: nghe n6i ve
-Warn sb about/of sth: dmh bao ve
(Hear from sb: nghe tin tuc cua ai)
-Remind sb about sth: nhac ai nhd
(Remind sb of sb/sth: g<;:li ai nhd den)
 2/ Verbs + 'at'

-Aim (sth) at sb/sth: nham vao - Shout at sb: Ia mang ai

-Arrive at/in: den t9i
-Glance at sb/sth: liec nhln
- Laugh at sb: clioi (nh9o) ai
- Look at sb/sth: nhln vao
- Point (sth) at sb/sth: chTa vao
(Shout to sb: g9i lon cho ai)
-Smile at sb: mim clioi voi ai
-Stare at sb/sth: nhln cham chu
-Throw sth at sb: nem m9nh vao ai
(Throw sth to sb: nem cho ai bih)

3/ Verbs + 'for'

-Apply for sth: n¢p ddn xin
-Ask (sb) for sth: yeu cau, xin ai ve
-Blame sb for sth: doloi cho ai ve
- Forgive sb for (doing} sth: tha thd
- Hope for sth: hy v9ng ve
- Leave (a place) for: roi dedi den
- Look for sb/sth: tlm kiem
(Look after sb/sth: cham s6c)
- Pay for sth: tra tien cho dieu gl
-Search for sb/sth: tlm kiem
-Thank sb for (doing) sth: cam dn
-Wait for sb/sth: cho d<?i

4/ Adjectives + 'at'

- amazed at: kinh ng9c ve -good at: gioi ve (good for: tot cho)
- bad at: dove (bad for: xau cho) - clever at: kheo leo ve

5/ Adjectives + 'with'

- acquainted with: quen voi -friendly with: than thi$n voi

-angry with/at sb about sth: gi~n
angry with/at sb for doing sth: gi~n
-bored with/ fed up with: chan voi
- busy with: b~n r¢n voi
- crowded with: dong due
-disappointed with: that v9ng
- familiar with: quen thu¢c voi
-happy with/about: h9nh phuc ve
- honest with: thanh th~t voi
- identical with: giong h$t voi
-impatient with: mat kien nhan voi
- patient with: kiem nhan voi
- pleased/satisfied with: hai long voi
- popular with: pho bien voi

6/ Adjectives+ 'about'

-annoyed (with sb) about: bl,ic tac -confused about: nham lan ve
-anxious about: lo lang ve -excited about: phan khfch ve
- careful about: can th~n ve -serious about: nghiem tUc ve
-careless about: bat can ve -sorry about I for: hoi tiec

Moi theo doi tiep trang sau

 7/ Adjectives + 'from' va Adjectives + 'in'

-absent from: vang m~t 0 -disappointed in I with: that v9ng

- different from: khac vdi -interested in: thfch thu, quan tam
-free from I of: thoat khoi - rich in: giau ve
- safe from: an toan -successful in: thanh cong ve

8/ Adjectives + 'of ho~c 'to': Cac tfnh tu sau day thllong c6 the duqc dung
vdi gidi tu 'of ho~c 'to', tuy theo cau true cau.

5 +to be + kind/ nice/ polite/ good/ It+ to be+ kind/ nice/ polite/ good/
generous/ rude/ stupid +to sb generous/ rude/ stupid+ of sb to do st

Gidi tu va ct,.~m d{>ng tu:

D(img
Lythuyet Vfdt:~
d<;>ngtu

1.- Danh tu noi bang tu Rice and rubber from Vietnam are
- vso nhieu
noiand exported to many countries.
- Nhling neu danh tu
t«;~o thanh 1 y tuong Bread and butter was all we had.
duy nhat - v soft (bd kem banh)

2. Vdi cac danh tv noi -Either Trung or I come to the party.

vdi nhau bang 51 or 52; - Not only alcohol but also cigarettes
either 51 or 52; not 51 -V (52) are banned in the public place.
but 52; not only 51 but - Neither my friends nor I am in the
also 52; neither 51 nor 52 school team.
 D~ng
Lythuyet Vfdl:J
d<?ng tu

3. Voi C<k danh tu n6i voi

-The manager, together with his
nhau bang with; like; as
well as; together with;
-v (danh tu assistants, has arrived.
dau tien) -The kitchen, as well as the toilets,
along with; in addition
!§.painted in blue.
to;otherthan

- Every/each
- Each/every student has to do the
+ N s6 ft +
homework
Vs6 ft
4. Sl,i k€h h9p giua chu
tu va cac tu nhli every, - Each of/one
each, one: of+ N s6
- Each/every of the students has to
nhieu (xac
do the homework.
djnh)
+ V s6 ft

- Neu N (danh - Most of the house was destroyed.

tu) s6 ft thl -Three quarters of the earth's
5. Some, part, all, most, + V s6 ft surface!§. water.
almost, the rest, the
remainder of, ho~c - Neu N (danh
-Some of the tomatoes are too ripe.
phan so+ N tu) so nhieu -Only a third of the students are
thl + v so qualified for the new course.
nhieu

-Someone has eaten all the food

6. D~i tu bat djnh Every -Nobody wants to attend the
/some/any/no {thing, - V s6 ft meeting
one, body) - Something strange has happened
here.

-Twenty kilometers!§. too far to

7. Cac danh tu chi st,J walk.
- Five minutes!§. not enough for me
do Iuong, thai gian, - V s6 ft
to do it.
khoimg each
-A hundred thousand dollars!§. a
big sum of money.

- V phl:J thu(>c
danhtu -There are many apples on the
dang sau table.
8. Trong mau diu
Lliu y: Neu c6 -There!§. a table and four chairs in
'There + be + danh tu'
nhieu danh tu the room.
(C6 ... }
thl thuong -There are four chairs and a table
ket h9p danh in the room.
tu dau tien
 D~ng
Lythuyet Vfdt:J
dqngtu

-Who wants tea?

9. Khi tude hoi (who, -What has happened?
what, which), ct:Jm tu - What the boy wants now~ a cup
ho~c m~nh de lam
- v soft of milk tea.
chu tu - Reading books~ one of my
favorite hobbies.

- v soft (neu -The whole team~ playing very

xet toan the) well (toan the d9i)

10. Danh tu t~p hqp - Vso nhieu

(collective nouns) (neu xet - My family are early risers (tung
tung phan/
th~mh vien trong nha)
thanh vien
cua n6)

* Mc?t so danh tut~p hqp thuong g~p:

Army (quan d9i); dub (cau l9c b9); community (uy ban); college (cao dang);
committee (uy ban); class (lop h9c); audience (khan gia); council (h9i dong);
family (gia dlnh); group (nh6m); team (d9i nh6m);jury (h9i dong xet xu); crew
(d(?i, nh6m); staff (nhan vien); crowd (dam dong); government (chfnh phu)

* Danh tu h1nh thuc so nhieu:

goods (hang h6a); belongings (v~t
mang theo); clothes (quan ao);
earnings (tien kiem du'<;jc);
outskirts (vung ven);
surroundings (vung xung quanh)
* Danh tu chi v~t gom 2 thanh
phan nhu' nhau: scissors (cai keo);
pincers/pliers (cai kim); shorts
11. M9t so danh tu c6 (quan so6c); trousers/pants (quan
hlnh thuc so nhieu ho~c tay); Jeans (quan gin);
- Vso nhieu glasses/spectacles (kfnh deo mat);
danh tu chi v~t gom hai
thanh phan nhu' nhau binoculars (ong nhom); shoes
(giay); sneakers (giay de chdi quan
v<?t); boots (giayong)
* Lu'u y: A pair of+ danh tu gom hai
thanh phan (d;;mg so nhieu) + v so
ft
Eg: - A pair of binoculars ~
necessary for our trip.
- Your new pair of jeans is really
fashionable.
 D~ng
Lythuyet Vldl:l
d<;)ngtu

* Mon h<;>c: mathematics (toan);

physics (v~t 10; politics (chfnh trl
h<;>c); economics (kinh te h<;>c);
statistics (mon thong ke)
* Can b~nh: measles (b~nh soi);
mumps (b~nh quai bl); rickets
(b~nh coi xlidng); AIDS (b~nh
12. Ten cac mon hQC, AIDS)
can b~nh, mon the thao * Mon the thao: athletics (dien
va mc;>t vai tu khac c6
- v soft kinh); gymnastics (the d~:~c dl,mg
t~n cung -s c~:~); billiards (mon bi-d a); dorts (tro
chdi nem phi tieu); dominoes (co
domino)
Eg: - Mathematics § my favorite
subject.
-Measles§ a dangerous disease.
- Dominoes § a good game for
relaxing.

*people (dan chung); children (tre

em);women (phy nu); police (canh
sat); cattle (gia sue lon nhu trau,
13. Danh tu du kh6ng c6 bo); fish (ca); sheep (cuu); deer
t~n cung Ia s/es nhung - v so nhieu (nai, hlidu); reindeer (tuan lc;>c)
van coi 0 so nhieu
Eg:- Many young people are out of
work now.
-Sheepweregrazing inthefields.

- English §spoken in many parts

oftheworld. (tiengAnh)
- The English really like to drink
tea. (nglioi nliocAnh)
- The rich help the poor very
much.
14. * Danh tu chi ngon - v soft * LLiu y: MQt so danh tu chi nh6m
ngu nglioi:
* Danh tu chi dan tc;>c - v so nhieu
The rich (nglioi giau); the poor
(the + nationality)
(nguoi ngheo); the sick (nguoi
* Danh tu chi nh6m - v so nhieu om); the dead (nglioi chet); the
nguoi (the+ adj) young (thieu nien); the old (nguoi
gia); the homeless (nglioi v6 gia
eli}; the disabled (nguoi khuyet
t~t); the unemployed (nguoi that
nghi~p); the injured/wounded
(nguoi bl thlidng)
 D~mg
Lythuyet Vldl:f
d{>ngtu

15. *The number of+ N - V s6 ft -The number of students in the

so nhieu class 1.§ 30.
*A number of + N s6 -v s6 nhieu - A number of students were
nhieu absent yesterday

Sl,i hoa h<;Sp giCta chu ngCt va dqng tu:

TAHAY

N{>i dung Vfd~:J

- Never in my life have I seen such a

1. Never/ rarely/ hardly/ seldom
+ Tr<;S f>T + S + V
strange behavior.
{=I have never seen such a strange
behavior in my life.)
+ Toi chua tung nhln thay hanh vi lc;t nhli
v~y trong cuqc doi.
- Rarely do I go swimming
{= I rarely go swimming)
+ Hiem khi toi di bdi 19i

-Little did he know that the course of his

life was about to change.
{= He almost did not know that the course
2. Little
of his life lies was about to change.)
+ Anh ta biet rat ft rang dong doi anh ta
sap thay doi.
 NC>idung
3. Hardly/ Scarcely/ Barely
+ had + S + Vp.p + when +
QKddn
= No sooner+had+ S+Vp.p +
than+ QK-E>
{Vua mdi ... thl ...)
4. -E>ao ngu vdi nh6m tu sau
Only {dao ngu m~nh de chfnh):
Only then/ Only when/
Only after/ Only by+ Ving/
Only once ...
4. -E>ao ngu vdi nh6m tu sau
Only {dao ngu m~nh de chfnh):
Only then/ Only when/
Only after/ Only by+ Ving/
Only once ...
5. Not only + T-E>T + S + V +
but also ...: Khong nhung ...
macon
Vfdy
-Hardly had she finished answering the
last question when the bell rang.
(= She had hardly finished answering the
last question when the bell rang.)
=No sooner had she finished answering
the last question than the bell rang.
+ Co ta vua mdi tn3 loi cau hoi cu6i xong
thl chuong reo.
- Only when the famine gets worse will the
world governments begin to act.
(=The world governments will begin to act
only when the famine gets worse.)
+ Chi khi tlnh tn;mg d6i kem toi t~ hon th1
chfnh phu mdi ra tay.
-Only after his wife had left him did he
realize how much she meant to him.
(=He only realized how much his wife
meant to him after she had left him.)
+ Chi sau khi v9 anh ta roi di thl anh ta mdi
nh~n ra co ta c6 y nghTa vdi anh ta
nhli nao.
- Only by studying hard can you get the
high scores.
+ Chi bang vi~c h9c cham chi thl b;;m mdi
d~t diem cao
-Only by chance had Jameson discovered
where the birds were nesting.
(=Jameson had discovered where the birds
were nesting only by chance (only by
chance: tlnh co).)
+ nnh co Jameson kham pha ra ndi nhung
con chim dang lam to.
-Not only was she robbed of all her
belongings but she also came close to
being killed.
(=She was not only robbed of all her
belongings but she also came close to
being killed.)
+ co ta khong nhung bi cudp do ma con
gan bi giet.
Moi theo doi tiep trang sau
 N(>idung
6. Not until + time/time clause
+ Tf>T + S + V: Mai cho tdi khi
... thl
7. Not once + Tf>T + S +V:
Chang 1 lan nao
8. At no time + Tf>T + S + V
(chua tung- thuong thay
cho never)
9. Under no circumstances
+ T£>T + s + V): Bat kl tn.Jong h<?p
nao ... cung kh6ng)
10. On/ Under no condition +
T£>T + s + v: Bat kl dieu ki~n
nao ... cung kh6ng)
11. £>ao ngu vdi So/such ... that
So + adj + to be + S + that +
clause
=Such + be + N + that + clause
Lliu y: Such = so much/great
(tuy truong h<?p cau)
Vfdt:~
- Not until he had retired did he think
about having a holiday.
(= He didn't think about having a holiday
until he had retired.)
+ Mai cho tdi khi 6ng ta nghi huu thl 6ng
mdi nghTtdi vi~c di nghi mat.
-Not once did he apologize for his
rudeness.
(=He did not apologize for his rudeness
even once.)
+ Anh ay chang xin loi vi th61o m(>t lan
nao ca.
-At no time did they suspect their
partner's honesty.
(=They never suspected their partner's
honesty.)
+ H9 chua tung nghi ngo tfnh trung thljc
cua d6i tac hQ.
-Under no circumstances should you
approach that man.
(=You should not approach that man
under any circumstances.)
+ Bat kl tru'ong h<?p nao b9n cCing kh6ng
nen tiep c~n ngu'oi dan ong d6.
-Under no circumstances should you
approach that man.
(=You should not approach that man under
any circumstances.)
+ Bat kl tru'ong h<?p nao b9n cCmg kh6ng
nen den gan nguoi dan 6ng d6.
-So alike are the twins that few people can
tell them apart.
(=The twins are so alike that few people can
tell them apart.)
+ C~p song sinh gi6ng nhau qua den noi ft
nguoi phan bi~t du<?c
-Such (=so great/much) was the popularity
of the play that the theater was full every
night.
 Nqi dung Vfdt:J

11. Dao ngu voi So/such ... that

So + adj + to be + S + that +
clause
::Such + be + N + that + clause
Lliu y: Such ::: so much/great
(tuy tru'ong hc:;Jp cau)
-(=The play was so popular that the theater
was full every night.)
+ Dq phu song cua vo kjch qua lon den noi
rC;)p hat dong nghjt.

- I don't expect children to be rude, nor do I

12. Nor ::: and neither + TDT +
S + V: Ai d6 cling khong
expect to be disobeyed.
(=I don't expect children to be rude, and I
don't expect to be disobeyed.)
+ Toi khong muon nhung dua be tho lo, toi
cCJng khong muon chung hu' hong.
-My father didn't go to university, and
neither did my mother.
(= Neither my father nor my mother wentto
university.)
+ Bo toi khong di h9c DH, va m~ toi cling
v~y (khong di h9c DH)

-I had finished the work before yesterday,

so had he.
(I had finished the work before yesterday,
13. So + TDT + S + V: Ai d6
and he had also finished the work before
cling v~y
yesterday)
+ Toi da hoan thanh cong vi~c tru'oc hom
qua va anh ta cling v~y

eAo NGU VOl cAc TRANG TU CHi VI TRf/

CHUYEN £>QNG . .

- Khi d~t cac tr<;}ng tu chi vi trf o dau cau de nhan m<;1nh, chung ta
phai dung dao ngu. Tuy nhien, each dao ngu voi trc;~ng tu chi vi trf
khong can dung trc:;J dqng tu nhu' each dao ngu voi cac tu c6 y
nghia phu djnh (o phan tren), ma chung ta se dao luon ca dqng
tu len ph fa tru'oc {dqng tuvan chi a theo chu ngu)
- Cac tn;mg tu chi vj trf {adverbs of position) thu'ong su dt:Jng gom
c6: "along, away, back, down, in, off, on, out, up, under" va cac tu
"here, there".
 - cac d9ng tuthuong dung de dao ngu gam c6: "climb, come, go,
fly, hang, lie, run, sit, stand, etc."
E.g:- The door opened and in came the pol ice.
(=The door opened and the police came in.)
-On the grass sat an enormous frog.
(=An enormous frog sat on the grass.)
* Luu y: Chung ta c6 the dung dao ngu khi chu ngu Ia danh tu,
nhung khong dung dao nguvdi cactrc;mgtuchiv!trfkhi chu ngu Ia
d<;1i tu (l,you, he, she, it, we, they).
Vfd~:
C6 the n6i:- Under the tree satan old man.
Nhu'ng khong the n6i:- Under the tree sat he.
*TacO ng c6 the dung dao ng avdi "Now+ be". Vf d l,J:
- Now is the time to say goodbye.= "The time to say goodbye is
now." (dao ngO'thong d~ng hdn khi n6i)

EJdonguv6i''as"va "than": Khi dung "as" ho~c "than"trong cau so

sanh, chung ta c6 the ll,l'a chc;m each dung dao ngu ho~c khong d~10
ngO'.
Vf d~:- The meal was excellent, as was the wine!
Or:- The meal was excellent, as the wine was!
+ BO'a an tuy$t th~t, ru<;ju cu ng v~y!
-Children living in the country watch more television than do their
counterparts in the city.
Or: - Children living in the country watch more television than
their counterparts in the city do.
+ Tre con o nong thon xem TV nhieu hdn so vdi tre con othanh
pho.
CHU Y: Chung ta c6 the dung dao ngu sau "as" ho~c "than" khi chu
ngu Ia danh tu. Ta khong dung dao ngO' theo each nay khi chu ngu
Ia d<;1i tu (tu'dng tlj dao nguvdi tn~ng tu chuyen d9ng tr€m). vr d~:
DUNG: She was very ta Ikative, as were her sisters.
SAl: She was very talkative, as were-they.
 DAo Nca vo1 cAu DIEU KI~N

"Should+ S + Vnt, S +will/can/may+ V"

Eg: Should anyone phone me, please tell them to call back later!
Typel (=If anyone phones/should phone me, please tell them to call
back later!)
+ Neu ai c6 g9i, hay bao h9 g9i IC?i sau

"Were + S + (not) +To V, S +would/could/might + V"

Eg: Were the chemicals to leak, a large area of the sea would be
contaminated.
Type2
(=If the chemicals leaked/were to leak, a large area of the sea
would be contaminated.)
+ Neu h6a chat ri ra, phan ldn bien se bj o nhiem

"Had+ S +(not) Vp.p, S +would/could/might have+ Vp.p"

Example: Had she become a lawyer instead of a teacher, she
would have earned a bigger salary.
Type3 (= If she had become a lawyer instead of a teacher, she would
have earned a bigger salary.)
+ Neu co ta tro thanh lu~t sli thay vi giao viE?m, co ta se kiem dli9c
nhieu tien

Cau dao ngCi:

Moi theo doi tiep trang sau

TH
M$nh de danh tu c6 cau true: That/Wh-questions (What/
where/when/why/how) + 5 + V

Chuc nang cua m~nh de danh tu

Chuc nang Vfd~:J

Chu ngu (Subjective clause)

-That he will come back soon 1.§. certain.
Lu'u y: Khi lam chu ngu, d9ng tu (V)
- What you said made me confused.
phfa sau lu6n o soft

-She said {that) she was ready.

Tan ngu (Object Clause)
- He asked me where I lived.

-That student always pays attention to

Tan ngu cho gioi tu
whatever the teacher is saying.
(Prepositional Object Clause)
- She's very interested in what he is doing.

-This is exactly what I expected.

Vi ngu (Predicative Clause)
- What you think 1.§. what I think.

M~nh de danh tu:

Moi theo doi tiep trang sau

 each nh~n biet theo duoi cua danh tu, dqng tu, tlnh tu
va tr9ng tu trong Tieng Anh

NOUN ENDINGS

Noun Endings Examples

1.-ism criticism, heroism, patriotism

2.- nee importance, significance, dependence, resistance

3.- ness bitterness, darkness, hardness

4.- ion pollution, suggestion, action

accomplishment, commencement, enhancement,

5.- ment
excitement

purity, authority, majority, superiority, humidity, cruelty,

6. -(i)ty
honesty, plenty, safety

baggage, carriage, damage, language, luggage, marriage,

7.- age
passage

8.- ship citizenship, fellowship, scholarship, friendship, hardship

bath, birth, death, growth, health, length, strength, truth,

9.-th depth, breadth, wealth

10.- dom freedom, kingdom, wisdom

11.- hood childhood, brotherhood, neighborhood, likelihood

12.- ure closure, legislature, nature, failure, pleasure

13.- cy bankruptcy, democracy, accuracy, expectancy, efficiency

14.- (t)ry rivalry, ancestry, carpentry, machinery, scenery, bravery

15. -logy archaeology, geology, sociology, zoology

16.- graphy bibliography, biography

17.- or actor, creator, doctor, tailor, visitor, bachelor

Noun Endings Examples

18.- er northerner, villager, airliner, sorcerer

19.- ee employee, payee, absentee, refugee

20.- ist economist, dentist, pianist, optimist, perfectionist

21.- icic:m magician, physician, musician, electrician, beautician

22.- ant assistant, accountant, consultant, contestant, inhabitant

Adj endings Examples

I.- ent independent, sufficient, absent, ancient, apparent, ardent

2.- ant arrogant, expectant, important, significant, abundant,

ignorant, brilliant

3.-ful beautiful, graceful, powerful, grateful, forgetful, doubtful

4. -less doubtless, fearless, powerless, countless, careless, helpless

5.- ic civic, classic, historic, artistic, economic

authoritative, demonstrative, passive, comparative,

6.- ive
ossessive, native

7.- ous dangerous, glorious, murderous, viscous, ferocious, hilarious

8.- able charitable, separable, bearable, reliable, comfortable, suitable

9.- ible audible, edible, horrible, terrible

10.- al central, general, oral, tropical, economical

11.- ory mandatory, compulsory, predatory, satisfactory

12.- ary arbitrary, budgetary, contrary, primary, temporary, necessary

13.- y angry, happy, icy, messy, milky, tidy, chilly, slippery, rainy

friendly, lovely, lively, daily, manly, beastly, cowardly, queenly,

14. -ly
rascally

15.- ate temperate, accurate, considerate, immediate, literate

16.- ish foolish, childish, bookish, feverish, reddish

 VERB ENDINGS

Verb endings Examples

listen, happen, strengthen, lengthen, shorten, soften, widen,

1.- en/en-
entrust, enslave, enlarge, encourage, enable, enrich

2.- ate assassinate, associate, fascinate, separate, vaccinate, evacuate

3.- ize idolize, apologize, sympathize, authorize, fertilize

4.- ify satisfy, solidify, horrify

ADVERB ENDINGS

Adverb endings Examples

1.-ly firstly, fully, greatly, happily, hourly

2.- wise otherwise, clockwise

3.- ward backward, inward, onward, eastward

Lo<;~i tu:

Moi theo d6i tiep trang sau

 M~nh de tr~ng ngu Ia m~nh de phl:J lam chac nang cua
m9t tr~ng tu bo
nghla cho d(>ng tu, tfnh tu hay tr~ng tu
trong cau thong qua cac lien tu phl;J thu(>c.

1. M~nh de tr~ng ngu chi thoi gian (Adverbial clause of time}

Lientu Vfdi:J

Once you get down to it, you have to try your best
Once: Mqt khi
M¢t khi bgn bat tay vao lam, bgn phai no hjc het minh

When it is sunny, I usually go fishing

When: Khi Khi troi nang, toi thUang di ecru cd

I learned a lot of Japanese while I was in Tokyo.

While:
Toi do h9c C!Uc;ic rat nhieu tieng Nh¢t trong khi toi song d
Trong khi
Tokyo.

By the time: By the time I arrived, everyone had left.

Trude khi TrUde khi toi den, m9i ngUai do roi ai.

Before: She had learned English before she came to England.

Trude khi Co 6y h9c tieng Anh tr!Jdc khi co 6y aen nUde An h.

He came after night had fallen.

After: Sau khi Anh 6y den sau khi man Clem buong xu6ng.

I haven't seen her since she graduated from university.

Since: Tu khi Toi khong g(ip co ta ke tCI khi co ta tot nghi?p agi hQC.

Till/until: Cho I'll stay here till/until you get back.

tdi khi Toi sed Cloy cho tdi khi bgn quay lgi.

I saw her as she was leaving home.

As: Khi Toi thay co 6y khi co 6y Clang rai khoi nha.

As soon as: As soon as John heard the news, he wrote to me.

Ngay sau khi Ngay sau khi John nghe tin ttlc, anh ta viet thU cho toi

Moi theo doi tiep trang sau

 1. M~nh de tr~ng ngu chi thoi gian {Adverbial clause of time)

Lientu Vfdl:J
Just as he entered the room, I heard a terrible explosion.
Just as:Vua
VC/a /uc anh ay vao phong, toi nghe thay m¢t tieng n6
khi/luc khung khiep.

Whenever: I'll discuss it with you whenever you like.

Bat cu khi nao Toi se thao lu¢n dif§u a6 cCmg bgn bat cu khi nao bc;m thfch

As long as: As long as it doesn't rain, we can go out.

Mien Ia Mien Ia troi khong mua, chung ta c6 the chdi.

No sooner No sooner had he arrived than he wanted to leave .

... than ...: Anh ay vCia moi den thi anh ay do muon roi di.
Vua moi ....thl ....

2. M~nh de tr~ng ngO chi ndi chon (Adverbial clause of place)

Lientu Vfdl:J
I will go where you want me to.
Where: Ndi nao Toi se di ndi bgn muon toi ai.

Sit wherever you like.

Wherever: Bat cu dau Ng6i bat cu dau anh thfch.

3. M~nh de tr~ng ngu chi each thuc (Adverbial clause of manner)

Lientu Vidl:J
As: nhu', They fought as heroes do.
giong nhu' He;> chien dau nhU nhGng ngUoi anh hung

As if/ as though: He looked at me as if I were mad.

Cu nhu' the Ia, nhu' the Anh ay nhin toi nhU the toi bf di€m.

4. Menh de trang ngu chi muc dfch (Adverbial clause of purpose)

Lientu Vfdl:J
She dresses like that so that everyone will notice her.
So that: £>e Co ta mgc nhU v¢y ae mc;>i ngUoi chu y toi.
Some people eat so that they may live. Others seem
to live in order that they may eat.
In order that: £>e ma
M¢t s6 ngUoi an de he;> c6 the song. 56 kh6c dUong
nhU song de ma he;> c6 the an.
 4. M~nh de tr~ng ngU' chi m1,1c dfch {Adverbial clause of purpose)

Lientu Vfd1,1
In case: Phong khi, We had better take an umbrella in case it should rain.
trong tniong hqp Chung ta nen mang thea 6 de phong troi mua.

I gave you a map, so you wouldn't get lost.

So:de,vlv~y Toi do dtla cho bgn m¢t c6i ban do de bc;m se khong
bi lgc.

5. M~nh de tr~ng ngu chi nguyen nhan (Adverbial clause of reason)

Lientu Vfd1,1
Because (of= owing He sold the car because it was too small.
to= due to+ N/ NP} Anh ta ban c6i xe boi vi n6 qua nho.

As he was tired, he sat down.

As
Boi vi anh ta m?t nen anh ta ngoi xu6ng.

Since we have no money, we can't buy it.

Since Vi chung ta khong c6 tien, chung ta khong the
muan6.

Seeing that you won't help me, I must do the job

Seeing that myself.
Vi anh khong giup toi, toi phai tlj lam cong vi?c
cua minh.

They don't go to the movies, for it rains cats and

For dogs.
H9 khong di xem phim, vi troi mtla tam tO.

He was late yesterday due to the fact that the traffic

Due to/ because of was heavy.
the fact that Hom qua anh 6y mu¢n boi vi tac dtlong nghiem
tr<;>ng.

6. M~nh de tr~ng ngu chi ket qua {Adverbial clause of result)

Lientu Vfdl,l

So + tfnh tu/tr~ng tu The coffee is so hot that I can not drink it.
+that: qua ... den Ca phe qua n6ng den noi ma toi khong the u6ng n6.
noima

Such (a/ an) + adj + It was such a hot day that I took off my Jacket.
danh tu + that: qua ... Troi n6ng den noi ma toi da coi bo do kho6c.
den noi ma
 6. Menh de tr~ng ngu chi ket qua (Adverbial clause of result)

Lientu Vld!:J
The shops were closed, so I didn't get any milk.
So: vi v~y, cho nen ella hang ao a6ng ella, cho nen t6i kh6ng mua
atic;Jc chut sua nao.

Therefore,
consequently (edited),
I was late, with the result that I missed my train.
as a result, as a
T6i aen mu¢n, do a6 ma t6i Ia mat chuyen tau cua
consequence, with the
min h.
result that + 5 + V
do d6/h~u qua Ia

7. Mf?nh de tr~ng ngu chi sv nhlic;1ng b(? (Adverbial clause of concession)

Lientu Vld!:J
Though he looks ill, he is very strong.
Though/ although: m~c du M¢c du tr6ng anh ta 6m yeu, thljc ra anh tarat
khoe mc:;mh.

No matter: c6 y nghla
tlidng tl:l' nhli: (al)though, No matter how you say, I still love her
dlic;1c theo sau bdi how, Cho du bgn n6i nhti the nao, t6i van yeu c6 ay.
what, where, who: Cho du,
m~cdu

Some peple like meat with much fat in it

Whereas= while: nglic;1c whereas others hate it.
l;;ti, trong khi M¢t s6 nguai thfch an thjt vdi nhilau chat beo
ben trong, ngtic;Jc lgi/trong khi s6 khac thi ghet

Moi theo doi tiep trang sau


Idol (n): than
Judge (n): ban giam khao
Passionate (n): niem dam me
Phenomenon (n): hi~n tll~ng
Platinum (n): danh hi~u thu am dimh cho
ca si ho~c nhom nh~c co tuyen t~p nh~c
phat himh toi thieu 1 tri~u ban
Pop (n): nh~c binh dan, pho c~p
Post (v): dua lin Internet ""
Process (n): quy trinh ~
Release (n): ciing bo f!ffr/
Talent (n): tai nang
Typical (adj): dien hinh
Achievement (n): thanh tich
Air (v): phat thanh/hinh
Audience (n): khan/thinh gia
Biography (n): tieu siJ
Celebrity panel (np): ban giam khao
gom nhilng nglloi noi tieng
Clip (n): mQt do~n phim/nh~c
Composer (n): nha so~n nh~c
Contest (n): cuQc thi
~
Dangdut (n): mQt lo~i nh~c dan gian
ciia ln·dii-ne-xia
/ Debut album (np):
t~p nh~c tuyen dau tay
Eenthusiast (n): nglloi dam me
Fan (n): nglloi ham mQ
Global smash hit (np): thanh ciing
lon tren the gioi
 Advertisement (n): (m~c) qmlng cao, (m~c) rao v~t
Announcement (n): thong bcio
Interesting (adj): hay, thli vi
Invalid (n): nguoi tim t~t, nguoi khuyet
Leader (n): nguoi dung dau, nha liinh dijo
* Balance (v): lam cho can bang
By chance (np): tinh co, ngau nhien

Martyr (n): li~t si

Community (n): c9ng dong

Meaningful (adj): co y nghia Concerned (adj): lo lang, quan tam
Narrow-minded (adj): nfing cijn, Creative (adj): sang tijO
qn nghi, h~p hili Dedicated (adj): t~n tam, t~n t~y
Non-profit (adj): phi l~i nhu~n
Obvious (adj): ro rang, hien nhien
Development (n): slj phat trien
Disadvantaged (adj): thi~t thili
Opportunity (n): cd hQi, djp Donate (v): cho, t~ng
Passionate (adj): say me, dam me Employment (n): vi~c tuyen d~ng
Patient (adj): kien tri, kien nhan
Position (n): vi tri, dja vj, chuc v~ Excited (adj): phan khoi, phan khich
Facility (n): cd so v~t chclt, trang thiet bl
Fortunate (adj): may man
Post (n): vi tri, dja vi, chuc v~ Handicapped (adj): tan w. khuyet t~t
Priority (n): vi~c uu tien hang dau
Public (adj): cfing c9ng
Helpful (adj): hilu ich
Remote (adj): xa xoi, heo lanh
Hopeless (adj): vfi VQng
Running water (np): nuoc may
Interact (v): tlldng tac
Interested (adj): quan tam, hung thli
 Ability (n): khii nang
Agriculture (n): nong nghi~p
Inspiration (n): cam hung, nguon cam hung
Aspect (n): khia c~nh
Invention (n): s~ phat minh, v~t phat minh
Astronaut (n): phi hanh gia
laptop (n): may tinh xach tay
Observe (v): quan sat

Bulky (adj): to lon, kenh cang

Patent (n,v): bang sang eM,
dLIQC cap bang sang che
Portable (adj): co the mang di
Principle (n): nguyen tac, yeu to co ban
Submarine (n): tim ngam
Shape (n): hinh d<mg
Transport (v): v~n chuyen
Technique (n): ky thu~t
Velcro (n): mQt lo~i kh6a dan
Versatile (adj): co nhieu tai nang
Valuables (n): v~t c6 gia trj
Wisely (adv): khon ngoan
Chopsticks (n): doi dOa
Collapse (v): s~p do, suy s~p
Curtains (n): rem cila
Definitely (adv): chac chan
Distance (n): khoang each
Earbuds (n): tai nghe
Economical (adj): tiet ki~m.
khong lang phi
Evidence (n): dau hi~u
Fabric (n): vai, chat li~u vai
Generous (adj): rQng rai, hao ph6ng
Gun powder (n): thuoc sung
Gradually (adv): dan dan
Headphones (n): tai nghe qua dau
Imitate (v): bat chuoc, mo phong theo
 Address (v): giai quyet
Affect (v): anh hllong
Opportunity (n): cd hQi
Caretaker (n): nglltli triing nom nhil
Personal (adj): ca nhan
Challenge (n): thach thuc
Preference (n): thich hdn, thien vi
Progress (n): tien bQ

Discrimination (n): phan bi~t doi xu

Property (n): tili san
Pursue (v): theo duoi
Qualified (adj): dii kh3 nang/nang lijc
Remarkable (adj): dang chu y, khac thtlong
Right (n): quyen l~i
Sue (v): ki~n
Treatment (n): sv doi xu
Violence (n): b~o lijc, du dQi
Violent (adj): co tinh b~o hJc, hung du
Wage (n): tien ltldng
Workforce (n): lijc ILI~ng lao dQng
Education (n): nen giao d~c
Effective (adj): co hi~u qua
Eliminate (v): xoa bo
Encourage (v): dQng vien, khuyen khich
Enrol (v): dang ki nhijp hQc
Enrolment (n): slj dang ki nhijp hQc
Equal (adj): ngang bang
Equality (n): ngang bang, binh d~ng
Force (v): bat bUQC, ep bUQC
Gender (n): gidi, gidi tinh
Government (n): chinh phii
Dincome (n): thu nhijp
Inequality (n): khiing binh d~ng
Limitation (n): h~n che, gidi h~n
Loneliness (n): slj cii ddn

Lentil (n): d~u lang, hijt d~u lang
Leo (n): chom sao su til
Libra (n): chom sao Thien binh
Life partner (np): bijn doi
Magpie (n): chim chich chile
Majority (n): phan lon
Mystery (n): dieu huyen bi, bi an
Object (v): phiin doi, chong liji
Object (n): do v~t. v~t the
Pisces (n): chom sao Song ngu
Present (adj): eli m~t, hi~n tiji
Present (v): dUa ra, trinh bay
Present (n): mlin qua
Prestigious (adj): eli uy tin, eli thanh the
Proposal (n): s~ cau hOn
Protest (n): s~ phiin khang, s~ phiin doi
Protest (v): phiin khang, phiin doi
Rebel (v): noi loijn, chong doi
Rebel (n): ke noi loijn, ke chong doi
Ritual (n): le nghi, nghi thilc
Sagittarius (n): chom sao Nhan rna
Scorpio (n): chom sao Thien yet
Soul (n): linh hon, tam hon
Superstition (n): s~ tin nguong, me tin
Superstitious (adj): me tin
Sweep (v): quet
Take place: dien ra
Taurus (n): chOm sao Kim nguu
Veil (n): mijng che m~t
Venture (n): d~ an ho~c ciing viijc kinh doanh
Virgo (n): chom sao Xil nil
Wealth (n): s~ giim eli, giau sang, cua cai
Wedding ceremony (np): le cudi
Wedding reception (np): tiijc cUdi
Alert (adj): tinh tao
Altar (n): ban thO
Ancestor (n): iing ba, to tien
Aquarius (n): cung Bao binh
Aries (n): chom sao Bijch dUdng
Assignment (n): vi~c dU~c phan ciing
Best man (n): phil re
Bride (n): cii dau
Bridegroom (n): chli re
Bridesmaid (n): phil dau
Cancer (n): chom sao C~ giiii
Capricorn (n): chom sao Ma ket
Complicated (adj): philc t~p
Contrast (n): s~ tUdng phan, s~ trai ngu~c
Contrast (v): tudng phan, khiic nhau
Crowded (adj): dong due
Decent (adj): dang hoang, til te
Diversity (n): s~ da dijng, phong phli
Engaged (adj): dinh hiin, dinh Udc
Engagement (n): s~ dinh hiin, s~ dinh Udc
Export (n): s~ xuat khau, hang xuat
Export (v): xuat khau
Favourable (adj): thu~n l~i
Fortune (n): v~n may, s~ giau co
Funeral (n): dam tang
Garter (n): njt bit tat
Gemini (n): chom sao Song til
Handkerchief (n): khan tay
High status (np): eli dja vj cao, eli vj tri cao
Honeymoon (n): tuan trang m~t
 Access (v): truy c~p
Application/ app (n): ung d~ng
Fingertip (n): dim ngon tay
Assignment (n): bai t~p
Identify (v): nh~n d~ng
Concentrate (v): t~p trung
Improve (v): cai thi~n I tien
Instruction {n): hlldng I chi dan

Communication (n): giao tiep

Native (adj): ban ngil Device (n): thiet bi
Portable (adj): xach tay Digital (adj): ky thu~t so
Software (n): phan mem Discussion (n): thao lu~n
Syllable (n): am tiet

Disadvantage (n): nhll!jc/khuyet diem

Store (v): lllu tril Educate {v): giao d~c
Technology (n): cong ngh~ Educational (adj): co tinh I thuQc giao dvc
Touch screen {np): man hinh cam ung Essay (n): tieu lu~n
Voice recognition {np):
nh~n d~ng tieng noi
 ~LOP
1

Aquatic (adj): dudi nude, song {J trong nUde

Article (n): bai bcio
Fertilizer (n): phan bon
Chemical (n) I (adj): hOa chat hoa hoc
Fossil fuel (np): nhien li~u (lam til slj phan huy cua
Confuse (v): lam lan IQn, nha~ lan ·
di}ng hay thljc v~t tien sit)
Global warming (np): Slj nong len toan cau

Confusion (n): slj lan IQn, nham lan

Consumption (n): slj tieu th~, tieu dung
Greenhouse effect (np): hi~u ung nha kinh
Contaminate (v): lam ban, nhiem
Inorganic (adj): vii co
Damage (v): lam h9i, lam hOng
Long-term (adj): dai h9n, lau dai
Mass-media: da truyen thong
Charm (n): slj quyen rfi
Charter (n): hien chuang
Pesticide (n): thuoc tril sau Constitution (n): hien phcip
Polar ice melting: slj tan bang {J dja cljc Delicate (adj): mem m9i, thanh nha
Pollutant (n): chat ii nhiem
Pollute (v): gay ii nhiem Deforestation (n): slj pha rung,
slj phat quang
Degraded (adj): giam slit chat IUQng
Pollution (n): slj ii nhiem Deplete (v): lam suy yeu, c9n ki~t
Preservation (n): slj biio ton, duy tri
Preserve (v): git1 gin, biio ton
Depletion (n): slj suy yeu, c~n ki~t
Protect (v): biio v~. che chO
Destruction (n): slj pha huy, tieu di~t
Ecosystem (n): h~ sinh thai
Editor: bien t~p vien
Protection (n): slj biio v~. che ch{J
Sewage (n): mldc cong
Solution (n): giiii phap, each giiii quyet
Vegetation (n): cay co, thljc v~t
 Adapt (v): sua l~i cho phu hQp, thich nghi
Biosphere reserve (n): khu dU tru sinh quyen
Habitat (n): moi tnlang song
Benefit (v): quyen IQi
Harm (v): lam h~i
Culture (n): van hoa
Impact (n): anh htldng

Conservation (n): s\f bao ton

Numerous (adj): nhieu Discharge (v): thai ra, xa ra
Nature (n): thien nhien Destination (n): diem den
Principle (n): nguyen tac Ecology (n): h~ sinh thai
Relax (v): thtl giiin

Replant (v): trong l~i

Sustainable (adj): khOng giiy h~i Ecotourism (n): du ljch sinh thai
cho moi truang, ben vung Environment (n): thien nhien
Tradition (n): truyen thong Entertain (v): tiep diii, giai tri
Exotic (adj): til ntldc ngoai dtla vao, d~p ki I~

Tour guide (n): htldng dan vien du lich

Vehicle (n): phtlong ti~n Fauna (n): h~ dijng v~t, quan the dijng v~t
Waste (n): chat thai Firewood (n): cui
Flora (n): h~ thUc v~t. quan the thUc v~t
 Afford (v): co kha nang chi tra
Current (adj): ngay nay, hi~n nay
Attitude (n): thai dQ
Disapproval (n): (s~) khong tan thanh,
Bless (v): cau nguy~n
(s~) phan doi, (s~) che
Brand name: hang hi~u
Dye (v): nhuQm
Elegant (adj): thanh ljch, tao nha

Experienced (adj): co kinh nghi~m
Extended family: gia dinh da the h~
Extracurricular (adj): ngo~i khoa,
thUQC VB ngo~i kh6a
Fashionable (adj): thoi trang, h~p mot
Browse (v): tim kiem thong tin tren m~ng
Burden (n): ganh n~ng
Casual (adj): thtlong, binh thtlong, thong thtlong
Change one's mind (idm): thay doi quan diem

Financial (adj): thUQC ve tai chinh

Childcare (n): vi~c cham soc con cai
Flashy (adj): di~n. hao nhoang

I
Comfortable (adj): thoai mai, de chju
Follow in one's footsteps /
Compare (v): so sanh
theo buac, noi buac I Compassion (n): long thtldng,
forbid (v): cam. ngan ,,m long trac an, long thtldng cam

Force (v): bat buQc, buQc... phai ~, J

Frustrating (adj): gay kho chju, e.~~ 1
gay b~c minh, b~c dQc ;y Conflict (n): xung dQt
Conservative (adj): bao thu
Generation gap: khoang each giila cac the he ff /
Hairstyle (n): kieu to~,/ Control (v): kiem soat
Curfew (n): h~n thai gian phai ve nha,
l~nh giai nghiem
Impose (v) on sb: ap d~t...len ai do
Interact (v): ttldng tac, giao tiep
Judge (v): ph<in xet, danh gia
Junk food: do iin v~t

~
~~1
 Mature (adj): tnldng thimh, chin chan
Multi-generational (adj): da the h~. nhieu the h~
Rude (adj): tho hi, lo mang
Norm (n): s~ chuan m~c
Sibling (n): anh I chi I em ruqt
Nuclear family: gia dinh h~t nhan
Skinny (of clothes) (adj): bo sat, om sat
Soft drink: nunc ngQt, do uong co ga

Obey (v): vang IOi, tuan theo

Spit (v): kh~c nho Objection (n): s~ phan doi, phan khang
State-owned (adj): thUQC ve nha nllac Open-minded (adj): thoang, cdi md
Studious (adj): cham chi, sieng nang Outweigh (v): vll~t hon han, nhieu hon
Stuff (n): thu, mon, do

Swear (v): the, chi'li the

Table manners: cung each
Taste (n) in: thj hiiiu ve Pierce (v): xau khuyen (tai, miii...)
Tight (adj): bo sat, om sat Prayer (n): loi cau nguy~n. loi thinh cau
Pressure (n): ap l~c. s~ thlic bach
Privacy (n): (s~) rieng ttl

Top (n): chop,

Trend (n): xu the, xu num~rr ,,,~,~./
Upset (adj): khfing vui, buon
Relaxation (n): s~ nghi ngoi, s~ giai tri
lo lang, boi roi
Respect (v): ton trQng
Respectful (adj): co thai dQ ton trQng
Responsible (adj): co trach nhi~m
Value (n): gia tr!
Viewpoint (n): quan diem
Work out (phr v): tim ra
 Argument (n): tranh cai
Attraction (n): sue hut
Emotional (adj): da cam
Appearance (n): xuat hi~n
Friendship (n): tinh b~n
Achievement (n): thanh tich
Fluently (adv): hoim hao
Involved (adj): co tinh lien quan

Be in a relationship: dang co
Impaired (adj): bi lam hong, bi lam suy yeu quan h~ tinh cam
Independent (adj): dqc l~p, khong ph~ thuqc Be reconciled (with someone):
Integrate (v): hila nMp, hqi nh~p lam lanh, lam hila
Involve (v): de tam tri vao vi~c gi

Independent (adj): dqc l~p

Initiative (n): sang kien
lend an ear: lang nghe Break up (with someone): chia tay,
Romantic relationship: moi quan h~ ket thuc moi quan h~
tinh cam lang m~n Counsellor (n): nglloi tu van
Contribution (n): s~ dong gop

Relationship (n): moi quan h~

Reconcile (v): hila giai
Classmate (n): b~n cimg lop
Sympathetic (adj): cam thong
Date (n): cuqc h~n hO
Dishonesty (n): khong trung th~c
Dress properly: an m~c dung each
Persuade (v): khuyen
Talented (adj): co tai
Upset (v): buon ba
 Ability (n): co kha nang
Admire (v):nguong mO
Opinion (n): y kien
Ambition (n): tham VQng
Permission (n): s~ chap nMn
Anxiety (n): s~ lo ng~i
Prioritize (v): dimh tlu tien
Protective (adj): che chd, bi10 v~

Confident (adj): t~ tin

Responsible (adj): chju trach nhi~m Cope with (v): dtldng dau vdi
Reliable (adj): co the tin c~y dtiQc Characteristic (n): d~c trtlng
Seldom (adj): hiem khi Decisive (adj): quyet doan
Self-discipline (n): tinh than t~ giac

Self-esteem (n): t~ trQng, Wton

Self-reliant t~ l~c
Solutions (n): each giai quyet
Strive (v): co gang, no l~c
Determined (adj): quyet tam
Emergency (n): trilling MP khan cap
Failure (n): that b~i
Housekeeping (n): cong vi~c
gia dinh I vi~c nhil

Time management (n): quan ly thai gian

Well-informed (adj): th~o tin, hieu biet Interpersonal (adj): lien nhiin
Wisely (adv): (mOt each) khon ngoan Independent (adj): dOc l~p
Motivated (adj): co dOng l~c.
co dOng cd, tich c~c
 Access (v): tiep c~n. sil dvng
Accessible (adj): co the tiep c~n. sil dvng
Fracture (n): (cho) gay (xllong)
Barrier (n): rao can, chlldng ng~i v~t
Healthcare (adj): vdi mvc dich
Blind (adj): mil, khong nhin thay dll~c
cham soc sue khDe
Hearing (n): thinh giac, nghe

Campaign (n): chien d!ch

Impaired (adj): bi lam hOng, bi lam suy yeu Care (n) · (v): (s~) cham soc, cham nom
Independent (adj): dQc l~p. khong phv thuQc Charity (n): hQi ttl thi~n
Integrate (v): hila nh~p. hQi nh~p Cognitive (adj): lien quan den nh~n thuc
Involve (v): de tam tri vi10 vi~c gi

Mobility (n): tinh lllu dQng, di dQng

Physical (adj): thUQC ve co the, the chat
Solution (n): gilli phap, each giai quyet Coordination (n): s~ phoi h~p. ket h~p
Suffer (v): triii qua ho~c chju d~ng Deaf (adj): diec, khong nghe dll~c
(cai gi kho chju) Disability (n): s~ om yeu, tan t~t
Disable (adj) · (n): khong co khii nang
sil dvng chan tay, tan t~t
Support (v) · (n): (s~) ling hQ, khuyen khich
Talent (n): tai nang, nguai co tai
Treat (v): doi xil, doi dai, dieu tri Discrimination (n): s~ phiin bi~t doi xil
Unite (v): thong nhat, doan ket Disrespectful (adj): thieu ton trQng
Donate (v): quyen gop, t~ng
Dumb (adj): cam, khong noi dll~c
Visual (a): (thUQC ve) thi giac,
co lien quan den thi giac
Volunteer (n): ngllai tinh nguy~n
Wheelchair (n): xe lan
 Assistance (n): st.J giup do
Association (n}: hQi, hi~p hQi
Govern (v): cai trj, m1m quyen
Behaviour (n}: tli each d~o due, hanh vi, each eli xu
Graceful (adj): duyen dang
Bend (v}: uon cong
Identity (n}: ban sac
in accordance with: phu h~p voi

Cbenefit (n}: l~i ich

Infectious (adj}: lay nhiem Block (n}: khoi
Inner (adj}: ben trong Brochure (n}: sach miing ( thong tin/
Interference (n): st.J can thi~p quang cao ve cai gi}
Legal (adj): (thuijc) phap ly, h~p phap

Maintain (v}: duy tri

Motto (n): phliong cham, khau hi~u Charm (n}: st.J quyen rii
Official (adj}: chinh thUc Charter (n): hien chliong
Outer (adj): ben ngoai Constitution (n}: hien phap
Delicate (adj): mem m~i, thanh nha

Progress (n}: st.J tien bQ

Rank (n}: thu h~n
Stability (n}: st.J on d!nh Digest (v}: tieu hoa
Theory (n}: hQc thuyet, ly thuyet Economy (n}: nen kinh te
Elongated (adj): thon dai
o
External (adj): ngoai, ben ngoai
Vision (n}: tam nhin
Project (n}: de an, dt.J an, ke ho~ch
Quiz (v}: kiem tra, do
 ~LOP
11
Famine (n): n~n doi kern
Greenhouse gas (n): chat khi gay hiiju ung nha kinh
Heat -related (adj): co lien quan toi nhiijt
Infectious (adj): lay nhiem, lan truyen
Irresponsibly (adv): vii trach nhiijm
Lawmaker (n): ngtloi lam lu~t, nhill~p phcip
Oil spill: tran dau
Preparation (n): s~ chuan bi
Presentation (n): trinh bay
Spread (v): lan tran
Situation (n): tinh hinh
Severe (adj): nghiem trQng
Widespread (adj): pho bien rQng rai
l~~~
!( 96
Absorb (v): tham, hut
Atmosphere (n): khi quyen
Awareness (n): s~ nh~n thuc, hieu biet, quan tam
Ban (v): cam
Capture (v): ltlu l~i, giam giill~i
Carbon footprint (n): lt/Qng khi C02 thai ra
hang ngay cua mQt ca nhan ho~c nha may
Catastrophic (adj): tham hQa
Clean-up (n): s~ dQn dep, lam s~ch,
tong ve sinh
climate change (n): bien doi khi h~u
Deforestation (n): pha rung
Diversity (n): s~ da d~ng
Drought (n): h~n han
Ecological (adj): thUQC ve sinh thai
Ecosystem (n): he sinh thai
Emission (n): s~ phat (sang),
toa (nhiet), xa (khi)

Faculty (n): khoa (ciia mQt truong d~i hQc)
Institution (n): vien, truong d~i hQc
Internship (n): giai do~n th~c t~p
Kindergarten (n): truong mau giao
Major (n): miin hQc chinh cua
sinh vien, chuyen nganh
Mandatory (adj): co tinh bat buQc
Master (n): th~c si
Passion (n): s~ say me, niem say me
Potential (n): khii nang, tiem l~c
Profession (n): nghe, nghe nghiep
Pursue (v): deo duoi
Qualification (n): van bang,
hQc vj, chtlng chi
Skill (n): ky nang
Talent (n): tai nang, nang l~c. nhiin tai
Training (n): rim luyen, dao t~o
Transcript (n): hQc b~. phieu diem
Tuition (n): tien hQc, hQc phi
Tutor (n): thay giao d~y kern
Undergraduate (n): sinh vien
University (n): truong d~i hQc
Vocational (adj): thUQC ve ho~c
lien quan den hQc nghe, huang nghiep
Abroad (adv): o mldc ngoai
Academic (adj): thUQC ve ho~c lien quan
den giao d~c. viec hQc t~p. mang tlnh hQc thu~t
Accommodation (n): phong o
Achieve (v): d~t dU~c
Admission (n): s~ vao ho~c dU~c
nMn vao mQt truong hQc
Analytical (adj): (thuQc) phiin tich
Baccalaureate (n): kl thi tti tai
Bachelor (n): ngUoi co bang cil nhiin
Broaden (n): mo rQng, noi ,rQng
Campus {n): khu truong so, san bay
(cua cac truong trung hQc, d~i hQc)
Collaboration (n): cQng tap
College (n): truong cao dang,
truong chuyen nghiep
Consult (v): hiii y kien, tra ctlu, tham khao
Coordinator {n): nguoi dieu phoi,
dieu phoi vien
Course {n): khoa hQc, chUonJ trlnh hQc
Critical (adj): thuQc binh pham, phe blnh
CV (curriculum vitae) (n): ban ly lich
Dean (n): chu nhiem khoa
Degree (n): hQC vj, bang cap
Diploma (n): bang cap, van bang
Doctorate (n): hQc vj tien si
Eligible (adj): dii tu each, thich h(lp
Enrol (v): ghi danh
Enter (v): gia nh~p, theo hQc mOt truong

Heritage (n): di san
Imperial (adj): thUQC ve hoim~ tQC
in ruins (idiom): bi pha huy, do mit
Intact (adj): nguyen v~n. khfing bi hll ton
Irresponsible (adj): thieu trach nhiijm,
vii trach nhiijm
Islet (n): him dao nho
Itinerary (n): lich trinh cho chuyen di
Landscape (n): phong canh (thien nhien)
Lantern (n): dim long
Limestone (n): da viii
Magnificent (adj): tuyijt d~p
Masterpiece (n): kiijt tac
Mausoleum (n): lang mQ
Mosaic (adj): kham, ch~m kham
Mosque (n): nha tho Hoi giao
Outstanding (adj): noi b~t, xuat chung
Picturesque (adj): dep theo kieu co kinh
Poetic (adj): mang tinh chat thd ca
Preserve (v): bao ton
Relic (n): co v~t
Respectively (adv): theo thu Wlan ILI~t
Royal (adj): thUQC ve nhil vua, hoilng gia
Sanctuary (n): thanh dja, dia diem than thanh
Scenic (adj): co canh quan dep
Subsequent (adj): tiep theo, ke tiep
Tomb (n): lang mQ
Worship (n): tho cling, tiin tho
Abundant (adj): doi dao, nhieu
Acknowledge (v): chap nh~n, ciing nMn, thila nh~n
Archaeological (adj): thUQC ve khao co hQC
Authentic (adj): th~t, thljc
Breathtaking (adj): d~p den ngo ngang
Bury (v): chon vui, giau trong long dat
Cave (n): hang dijng
Citadel (n): thanh tri (de bao ve khoi bi tan ciing)
Complex (n): quan the, to MP
Comprise (v): bao gam, gam
Craftsman (n): th~ thu ciing
Cruise (n): chuyen du ngo~n tren bien
Cuisine (n): each thuc che bien thuc an,
nau nllong
Decorate (v): trang tri
Demolish (v): do s~y. danh s~p
Distinctive (adj): noi b~t, rii rijt, d~c trllng
Dome (n): mai viim
Dynasty (n): trieu d~i
Emperor (n): de vlldng, nha vua
Emerge (v): troi len, noi len
Endow (v): ban t~ng
Excavation (n): viijc khai qu~t
Expand (v): m~ rijng
Fauna (n): hij dijng v~t
Flora (n): hij thljc v~t
Geological (adj): thUQC ve dja chat
Grotto (n): hang
Harmonious (adj): hili hiia
~
~~
 City dweller (n): ngtltJi song {J do thj, ell dan thimh thi
Condition (n): dieu ki~n
Detect (v): do tim, phat hi~n ra
Develop (v): phcit trien

Particular (adj): c~ the, rieng

Pessimistic (adj): bi quan
Pollution (n): s~ o nhiem
Quality of life (n): chat lllQng song
Disturb (v): lam phien
Earthquake (n): dQng d<lt
Generate (v): t~o ra
Infrastructure (n): co sa h~ tang

Renewable (adj): co the tai t~o

Researcher (n): ngtloi nghien cilu
Sensor (n): cam bien
Sustainable (adj): khong gay h9i cho
mfii trtlong, c6 tinh ben viJng Inhabitant (n): ell dan, ngllili ell tni
Individual (n): ca nhiin
Island (n): dao
Liveable (adj): song dllQC

Transport (n): v~n chuyen

Upgrade (v): nang cap
Urban (adj): thUQC ve do th!
Urban planner (n): ngllili I
chuyen gia quy ho9ch do th!
Method (n): phtlong phap
Necessary (adj): can thiet
Optimistic (adj): l~c quan
Overcrowded (adj): ch~t nich, dong ngh~t

Medicine (n): dllqc pham
Natural remedy: phlldng phap
tri li~u d~a vao thien nhien
Neighborhood (n): khu vvc lan c~n
Nutrition (n): sv dinh dllong
Headache (n): dau dau
Prescription medicine (n):
thuoc do bac si ke ddn
Prepackaged food (v):
thuc an dong goi san
Principle (n): nguyen tac
Relieve (v): giam bot
Regularly (adv): thllong xuyen
Remedy (v): cuu chila, sua chila
Stress-free (adj): khiing bi cang thang
Workout (n): luy~n t~p the IVc
Additional (adj): bo sung
Acupuncture (n): cham cuu
Ageing process: qua trinh lao hoa
Be attributed to: quy cho
Boost (v): day m~nh, nang len
Consume (v): tieu thu
Conditional (adj): co iJieu ki~n
Dietary (adj): thuijc ve che dij an uong
Describe (v): mieu ta
Expectancy (n): ky vQng
Effective (adj): co hi~u IVc
Immune system (n): he mien djch
Grow (v): lon len
life expectancy (n): tuoi thQ
Longevity (n): tuoi thQ
Meditation (n): thien djnh

Respectable (adj): dang kinh, dung dan
Talented (adj): co tai nang, co nang khieu
Waver: (v) dao dijng, phan van
Trophy: (n) cup (giai thllong)
Achievement (n): Thanh tich, thanh tl}u
Anonymous (adj): an danh, giau ten
Dedication (n): slj cong hien
Diagnose (v): chan doan b~nh
Distinguished (adj): ki~t XUat, loi I9C
Figure (n): nhan v~t
Generosity (n): sl} rijng 1!/~ng, tinh hao phong
Hospitalisation (n): slj nh~p vi~n,
d!la vao b~nh vi~n

Amputate: (v) cat bO

Orphanage: (n) tr9i mo coi
Motto: (n) ph!ldng cham, khau hi~u
Prosperous: (adj) giau co, thjnh v!l~ng

Humble beginnings (np): khoi dau thiip kem, him mQn

Perseverance (n): tinh kien tri, sl} ben chi
Prosthetic leg (n): chan gia
Reputation (n): danh tieng

Well-educated (adj): gia giao

Fictional (adj): gia t!long
Emperor (n): hoimg de
Marquis (n): hau tude
Patriotism (n): chu nghia yeu nude

Interest-free (adj): khiing tinh liii, khong liii suat
Kind-hearted (adj): tu te, tot b~ng
long-lasting (adj): keo dai,
dien ra trong thoi gian dai
Migrate (v): di ell
Agricultural (adj): thUQC ve nong nghi~p
Centralize (v): t~p trung
Cost-effective (adj): hi~u qua, xung dang voi chi phi
Counter-urbanisation: phan do th! h6a, giiin dan

Densely populated: dan ell dong due/

Mindset (n): d!nh kien
m~t dQ dan so cao
Overload (v): lam cho qua tai
Discrimination (n): sv phiin bi~t doi xu
Sanitation (n): v~ sinh
Double (v): tang gap doi
Self-motivated (adj): co dQng co ttl n9i 1\lc,
Downmarket (adj): gia re, binh dan
tv t~o ra dQng co cho minh

o
Slum (n): nha chuQt
Switch off (v): ngilng, thoi khong chli y den nila
Time-consuming (adj): ton thoi gian
Thought-provoking (adj): dang de suy
Down-to-earth (adj): th\lc te, sat thvc te
Energy-saving (adj): tiet ki~m nang ltll)ng
Expand (v): mo rQng
Industrialisation (n): cong nghi~p hoa

Unemployment (n): tinh tr~ng that nghi~p

Upmarket (adj): dat tien, xa xi Down-to-earth (adj): th\lc te, sat thvc te
Urbanisation (n): do thi hoa Energy-saving (adj): tiet ki~m nang lli!Jng
Expand (v): mo r9ng
Industrialisation (n): cong nghi~p hoa
Weather-beaten (adj): dai dau stlong gio
Well-established (adj): dli!Jc hinh thimh tillau, co tieng tam
Worldwide (adv): tren ph~m vi toan cau

Mould (n): moe, meo
Organic (adj): (thl)c philm, phtlong phiip trong trQt...)
khong dung (hOa) chat nhan t~o, huu co
Pathway (n): dtlong man, loi nho
Asthma (n): b~nh hen, b~nh suyen
Biomass (n): nguyen li~u tlj nhiiln tu thl)c v~t/
d9ng v~t, sinh khoi
Bronchitis: b~nh viem cuong phoi, b~nh viilm phe quiin
Clutter (n): tlnh tr~ng bua bijn, IQn xijn
Combustion (n}: sl) dot chay
Conservation (n}: sl) biio ton
Deplete (n}: nit het, lam c~n ki~t
Dispose of (v}: vUt bo

Preservation (n}: sl) gln giU

Promote (v}: thtic dily phat trien
Purification (n): sl) lam s~ch, sl) tinh che
Replenish (v}: lam day l~i, bo sung

Geothermal (adj}: (thuijc} dja nhi~t

Habitat (n}: miii trtlong song, noi song cua
thl)c v~t, dijng v~t
Lifestyle (n}: phong each song
Mildew (n}: nam moe, nam min-diu
Soot (n): bo hong, nhQ noi
Sustainability (n): vi~c Slt dl)ng san phllm,
nang ltl~ng tl) nhien khOng
gay h~i moi truong, ben vung
 Addicted (adj): nghi~n
Advent (n): s~ den, toi (s~ ki~n quan trQng)
App (n) (application): ung d~ng/ chlldng trinh
Mass (n): so dong, so nhieu, diji chting
may tinh ho~c tren Internet/ mijng xii hiji
Media (n): (so nhieu cua medium) phlldng ti~n
Medium (n): phlldng ti~n

Attitude (n): thai dij, quan diem

Microblogging (n): vi~c (ca nhan) ~"
Connect (v): ket noi
thlli:lng xuyen glii tin nhan/video/anh ~
Cyberbullying (n): khung bo qua mijng Internet
len mijng xa hQi de cijng dong mijng \\
Documentary (n): phim tai li~u
biet dll~c cac ho~t dijng va suy nghi cua
nglli:li dang tin, blog vi mo "'-

Slum (n): nha o chuijt

Switch off (v): ngung, thoi khong chti y den nila Dominant (adj): thong tri, co llu the hon
Time-consuming (adj): ton thi:li gian Drama (n): kich, tuong
Thought-provoking (adj): dang de suy nghi Efficient (adj): co hi~u qua
Emerge (v): Vll~t triji, noi b~t, noi len

Pie chart (n): bieu do trim

Print (n): chil in, tai li~u in nhll bao, tijp chi, v.v. Fivefold (adj, adv): gap nam lan
Social networking (n): mijng xii hiji GPS (n) (Global Positioning System):
Subscribe (v): d~t mua dai hijn h~ thong dinh Vi toan cau
Leaflet (n): to rdi, ti:l in ri:li
Tablet PC (n): may tinh bang
The mass media: truyen thong diji chting
Tie in (v): gan voi
Website (n): vi tri web, diem mijng,
cong thong tin di~n tl1 trang web

Martial spirit: tinh than thtlqng vii
Multicultural (adj): da van h6a
National costume: trang phvc dan tQc
National pride: long tv hilo dan tQc
Assimilate (v): dong h6a
Assimilation (n): su dong h6a
Attire (n): quan ao, trang phvc
Blind man's buff: tro choi bit mat bat de

Belief (n): tin ngtlong

Solidarity (n): su doan ket, tinh doiln ket
Community (n): cQng dong
Society (n): xa hQi
Cultural identity: ban sac van h6a
Special occasion: dip d~c bi~t
Cultural practices: cac ho~t dQng van h6a,
Unify (v): thong nhat
t~p quan van h6a

Solidarity (n): su doiln ket, tinh doiln ket

Custom (n): phong tvc, t~p quan
Society (n): xa hQi
Critical (adj): chi trich
Special occasion: djp d~c bi~t
Diversity (n): tinh da d~ng
Essay (n): tieu lu~n

Unify (v): thong nhat

Unique (adj): dQc nhat, duy nhat, chi co mQt Essential (adj): can thiet
Unite (v): doiln ket Express (v): dien ta
Flock (v): lfi ltlqt keo den
Maintain (v): bao v~. duy tri

Preserve (v): bao ton

Religious beliefs: niem tin tiin giao
Worship (v): tiin kinh, tho cung
 Biodiversity (n): da d<,mg sinh hQc
Biology (n): sinh hQc
Conservation (n): s~ bao ton
Conservation status (n): tinh tr~ng bao ton

Dinosaur (n): khung long

Poach (v): san trQm
Disappear (v): bien mat
Pollute (v): ii nhiem
Endangered (adj): b! de dQa,
Rhino/rhinoceros (n): con te giac
trong tinh the nguy hiem
Rule (v): cai tr!

Sea turtle (n): con rua bien

Survival (n): s~ song sot Endangered species (n): chung loai co
Survive (v): song sot guy cd b! tuy~t chung
Species (n): giong, loai Evolution (n): s~ tien hoa
Extinct (adj): tuy~t chung

Trade (v): mua ban

Vulnerable (adj): de b! ton thlldng, Extinction (n): s~ tuy~t chlmg
de g~p nguy hiem Habitat (n): miii trllong song
Wildlife (n): dijng v~t hoang da Harmless (adj): vii h~i
Hopefully (adv): hi VQng

~
~~
 Activate (v): kich ho~t
Industry {n): ngimh cong nghi~p Algorithm (n): thu~t toan
Incredible (adj): dang kinh ng~c Artificial intelligence (n): tri tu~ nhan t~o
Intervention {n): sv can thi~p Automated (adj): Wdijng

Malfunction (n): sv tr~c tr~c Call for: keu gQi

Navigation (n): sv di l~i tren bien Capable {adj): co nang hjc
ho~c triln khting Corporation {n): t~p doan
Overpopulation {n): sv qua tai dan so Construction {n): xay dUng

Sobservation {n): quan sat

Cyber-attack (n): tan cong m~ng
Quality (n): chat ILI~ng
Exterminate {v): tieu di~t
Resurrect (v): lam song l~i. ph~c hoi
Emotion {n): cam xtic
Faraway (adj): xa xoi

Recognise (v): cong nh~n

Unbelievable (adj): kh6 tin Hacker (n): tin t~c
Implant (v): cay, ghep
Impossible (adj): khong kha thi
Intelligence (n): thong minh
 Academic (adj): hQc thu~t, giiii cac mon hQc thu~t
Administrator (n): nglloi quan ly
Potential (adj): tiem nang
Align (v): sap cho thang himg
Prioritize (v): dimh uu tien
Apply (v): nijp ddn, d~ trinh
Probation (n): s~ thu vi~c, thOi gian thu vi~c
Qualification (n): trinh dij chuyen mon, bang cap

Apprentice (n): th~c t~p sinh, nglloi hQc vi~c

Recruit (v): tuyen d~ng Approachable (adj): de gan, de tiep c~n
Relevant (adj): thich hQp, phil hQp Articulate (adj): ho~t ngon, noi nang lllu loat
Shortlist (v): sd tuyen Barista (n): nhan vien lam vi~c trong quan ca phe

Specialise (v): chuyen (ve linh v~c nao do)

Tailor (v): may, lam thQ may Candidate (n): ung vien (dii qua vong sd tuyen)
Trailer (n): xe moe, xe kilo Cluttered (adj): lijn xijn, trong roi mat
Compassionate (adj): thong cam, cam thong
Colleague (n): dong nghi~p

Tuition (n): hQc phi

Unique (adj): d~c bi~t, khac bi~t, dijc nhat
Well-spoken (adj): noi hay,
noi voi IOi Iii chai chuOt
Covering letter (n): thll xin vi~c
Dealership (n): doanh nghi~p kinh doanh
Demonstrate (v): the hi~n
Entrepreneur (n): nha doanh nghi~p,
nguoi khili nghi~p
 Advice (n): loi khuyen
Look forward to: chil dqi, triing dqi Ambition (n): hoili bao, khat vqng, tham vqng
Mature (adj): tntong thimh Be in touch with: lien I<.JC vdi
Paperwork (n): ciing viec giay to/van phong Career (n): nghe, nghB nghiijp, s~ nghiijp

Career adviser (n): ngUoi ttl van nghe nghiijp

Pursue (v): theo duoi, tiep tt.Jc
Come up with: tim thay/nay ra (y tuong, giai phap)
Put up with: chju d~ng
Cut down on: cat, giam (bien che, so IUqng)
Rewarding (adj): bii ciing,
Dishwasher (n): ng!IOi rua bat dia, may rua bat dia
dang cong, thoa dang

Run out of: Mt, c<_1n (tien, nang luqng... )

Downside (n): m~t trai, bat lqi
Secure (v): giimh d!lqc, d<.Jt duqc
Drop in on: ghe tham
Shadow (v): di theo quan sat (ai),
Drop out of: bO (hqc, nghe, ... )
th~c himh de hqc viijc
Fascinating (adj): co sue hap dan
ho~c quyen rii lon

Tedious (adj): te nh<_lt, h'lm mijt moi

Think back on: nhO I<.Ji Get on with: song hoa thu~n vdi
Workforce (n): ltJc luqng lao dijng Get to grips with: bat dim giai quyet
(mijt van de kho)
Keep up with: theo kip, duoi kip
 Adequate (adj): thiia dang, phu hQp
Acquire (v): co dUQc, thu dUQc
Institution (n): cd quan, to chuc
Course (n): kh6a hQc
Interaction (n): stJ tUdng tac
Compulsory (adj): bat buijc
Lifelong (adj): suOt doi
Opportunity (n): cd hiji

Consolidate (v): cimg co

Overwhelming (adj): vUQt triji Depend (v): tily theo
Professional (adj): chuyiin nghi~p Discussion (n): thao lu~n
Pursuit (n): stJ theo duoi E-learning (n): hinh thuc hQc trtJc tuyen

Self-directed (adj): theo djnh hUong ca nhiin

'
0
.
Self-motivated (adj): co dijng ltjc ca nhiin '"''>Y • ~,, /~ Employable (adj): co the dU9c thuii lam vi~c
Temptation (n): Stj loi cuon ~ ~ Enthusiasm (n): hang hai
-\~ Facilitate (v): tao
" . dieu kiiin
. thuiin
. .ldi
''i~W Flexibility (n): tinh linh dijng

Technique (n): ky thu~t

Ultimate (adj): sau cilng, quan trQng nhat Genius (n): thiiin tili
Voluntarily (adv): mijt each Wnguy~n Hospitality (n): long men khach
Initiative (n): sang kien, tinh chu dijng
trong cong vi~c
 a good invention or
innovation, a good idea or plan (ytuong tot, ph at minh tot)
E.g: Internet can be considered as the best thing since sliced
bread as it totally change our lives.
to cause someone to be very
angry (lam ai s6i mau, gi~n du)
E.g: When I hear stories of cruelty to animals, it makes my
blood boil.
ngan nap gQn gang
E.g: Their house isalwaysspickand span.
boc phet, khoac lac
E.g: Anyone will tell you she's one of the best journalist we've
got, although she'd never blow her trumpet.
immediately, instantly (Ngay l~p tac)
E.g: If you need me, just call me.l can come at the drop of a hat.
den sat gio, vua kheo
E.g: Only allowing half an hour to get from the station to the
airport is cutting it fine, isn't it?
nglioi ma mlnhyeu quy
E.g: His youngest daughter was the apple of his eye.
rain heavily (Mlia n~ng h9t)
E.g: It's raining cats and dogs= It's raining heavily
cuoi cung, khong thethaydoi, ro rang, de hieu
E.g: We need a cut-and-dried decision by the end of the week.
when someone finds it
difficult to choose between two alternatives (tien thoai luang
nan)
E.g: I'd like to go to the game and stay in for the birthday party.
I'm between two stools.
Moi theo doi tiE?p trang sau
 good luck! (thliong dung de chuc may man)
E.g: I have heard that you're going to take a test tomorrow,
break a leg!
OOC>KS: to study (hQC)
E.g: I can't go out tonight. I've got to hit the books. I'm having
an exam tomorrow.
something will never happen (dieu v6 tliong,
khong the xay ra)
E.g: -I will marry a charming prince.
-Pig can fly
to allow a secret to be known,
usually without intending to (de 19 bf m~t, thliong Ia khong co
y)
E.g: I was trying to keep the party a secret, but Mel went and let
the cat out of the bag.
to describe exactly what is causing
a situation or problem (m6 ta chfnh xac dieu gay ra tlnh
huang/van de)
E.g: I think Mick hit the nail on the head when he said that
what's lacking in this company is a feeling of confidence.
"""""'""
11
'""r\J (coi nh~ ai d6/cai gl,
cho rang luon c6 san, kh6ng doi)
E.g: I took it for granted that I would find the perfectjob.
!rlnllr'H',.dang suytfnh, can nhac
E.g: Did you have anything in mind for Helen's present?
1soosc:u: to make
someone or something available to someone (c6 san theo y
muon cua ai)
E.g: I'd be glad to help you if you need me. I put myself at your
disposal.
O_J\C··~<"%'Lc;: mlia xoi xa, mlia to
ri!r"'"-!ir'i\'

E.g: It's absolutely bucketing down.

used to describe something, usually a meal
or a drink, that is free (khong phai tra tien)
E.g: The manager sent over a tray of drinks on the house.
to
suddenly become angry (gi~n dQ)
E.g: I'm afraid he will hit the roof when he finds out our
vacation is canceled

nhau)
E.g: I don't have anything in common with my sister. We're like
chalk and cheese.
''LZ"'~''~COJ,;c::, lamcho ca khan phong vo tay nhi~t
li~t
E.g: The clown sang a duet with the talking horse, which
brought the house down every night.
to pay too much for something (tra
gia qua dfh)
E.g: We paid through the nosetogetthecarfixed.
tha ma mlnh thfch
E.g: Thanks for inviting me, but ballet isn't really mycupoftea.
Ch9cai
E.g: You don't mean that. You're just pulling my leg.
1aylaml9
E.g: It strikes as a strange to me that he failed the exam
because he is so smart and diligent a student.
to understand as wrong or
insulting, or misunderstand (hieu lam)
E.g: I was worried that he might take my remark amiss.
everywhere
E.g: I have been searching high and low for the gift I bought for
my girlfriend.
ca ng dong ca ng vu i
E.g: Can I bring some friends with me? Yeah sure, the more, the
merrier.
everywhere
E.g: I have been looking for you here and there.
sometimes
E.g: Every now and then, I want to be alone.
lang tai, n~ng tai
E.g: My father is quite old now and he's increasingly hard of
hearing.
khien ai kieu ng9o
E.g: Don't let one win go to your head -you still have at least
three more games to play.
rat hiem (rare)
E.g: Once in a blue moon, there's an issue I can't resolve.
rare (hiem g~p}
W%r%T'UHE"""'r'·

E.g: Go and tell her that you love her! That kind of girl is really
few and far between.
(l} immediately (ngay l~p tac}
E.g: I expect you to be on the post when and where trouble
arises
(2): in trouble; in a difficult situation (g~p rae rei}
E.g: I hate to be on the spot when it's not my fault
, tren bo
vljc
E.g: Unless we take measures to protect tigers, they will be on
the verge of extinction.
good or bad things do not just
happen a few at a time, but in large numbers all at once (h9a v6
ddnchD
E.g: First of all it was the car breaking down, then the fire in the
kitchen and now Mike's accident
"''~'-<r"""'' kieng rli<;ju
E.g: He was on the wagon for ten years, when he was living in
Connecticut.
to control someone and make them do
exactly what you want them to do (nam dau, dat mui ai}
E.g: They simply didn't know what they were doing and they
were led by the nose by a manipulative government
< vao phut ch6t
E.g: She always turned her term paper in at the eleventh hour.
ban dat nhlit6m tlidi
E.g: The new game is apparently selling like hotcakes.
chltrfch, kiem chuy$n, bat loi
E.g: It isveryeasytofind fault with theworkofothers.
khong deu d~n, thlnh thoang
E.g: We don't often go there- just off and on.
!VicgYY'f;{~~bLlf,:~!!=!~\1"~': gia b(>, gia VO

E.g: The ideal of a perfectlyfairsocietyisjust make-believe.

di chuyen nhanh, di nhanh.
E.g: We made good time and were at the hotel by lunch time.
&C,irWL"3 '""'"''''~gi~n gia nhln ai d6
E.g: Their relationship is not free and easy but at least he is no
longer looking daggers at her.
'r"'e'"'cc,,n"= kh6ng the dli<;)c

E.g: You cannot get married until you are 18, it's out of the
question.
bat thlnh llnh
E.g: All at once, there was a loud banging on the door.
¥''''''"'':'P'"'""=""''"' something that is difficult or dangerous to
deal with (van de nan giai)
E.g: The global warming issue is a hot potato
suy nghlthem ve dieu gl d6.
E.g: Don't give me an answer now - sleep on it and tell me
whenever you're ready.
to try very hard to get something
you want (co gang het mlnh de d9t dieu mlnh muon).
E.g: We fought tooth and nail to get the route of the new road
changed.
 ch9c ph a, treu gh~o, chdi kham
E.g: He is always playing jokes on their friends
do song do bien (cong sue, tien b~c)
E.g: We can't do it. It's just time down the drain.
hoai nghi, linh cam chuy~n kh6ng on
E.g: He's been working late with her every night this week - I
smell a rat!
gi9t nuoctran ly
E.g: The last straw was when the company fired most of the
managers.
nam bat dLi<;jc, sli d~ng dLi<;jc
E.g: I'll teach you how to use the design program -you'll get the
hang ofitafterawhile.
ir1I'J'F~C,,. integral, crucial (thiE:hyeu, quan tr9ng)

E.g: Being recognized in the street is part and parcel of being a

celebrity.
coi chung, ng6 chung
E.g: Will you keep your eye on my suitcase while I go to get the
tickets?
a d~t n~ng chuy~n gl, chap nhat
chuy~ngl
E.g: She has a bee in her bonnet about going to America.
mat het can dam, chun bLioc
E.g: I wasgoingtotrybungeejumping, but I got cold feet.
suynghTkT
E.g: She'll spend a hundred dollars on a dress without a second
thought.
uong c6ng, v6 fch
E.g: I tried in vain to start a conversation.
khuyen gop, gop tien
E.g: If everyone chips in, we will be able to buy her a nice
present.
 dien,lo9n trf
The old man has been off his head for at least a year.
lamvi$cv~t
E.g: After school he runs errands for his father.
den do
E.g: They ignore people who jump the traffic lights.
:J;c-,,,,c,~de noi gi~n, phat cau

E.g: He•s extremely irritable - he flies off the handle at the

slightest thing.
avoiding the main topic, not speaking
directly about the issue (n6i vong VO, l9c de}.
E.g: Stop beating about the bush and answer my question.
necK1ac1ne: a severe headache (dau dau nhli bua
bo)
E.g: I've got a splitting headache. I'm going upstairs for a nap.
esc:ar::>e: thoat chet trong gang tac
E.g: I had a close shave this morning - some idiot almost
knocked me off my bike.
lo loi, lo mi$ng
E.g: I dropped a brick when talking with my best friend, and
now she doesn't want to talk to me.
i:Ttr"%;F~":3£'lr'\;tcam thay bon chon

E.g: I always get butterflies in my stomach when it comes to

taking test
i?'iF~tF~tF"!?'''~~~ kh6ng chfnh thuc, kh6ng du<;jc c6ng b6

E.g: She made it clear that her comments were strictly off the
record.
sat sao, rat sat
E.g: Heescapedfromthesecret police bytheskin ofhisteeth.
time to start from the
beginning; it is time to plan something over again (bat dau l9i}
E.g: She tried to bake a cake but unfortunately she wasn't
successful. She's back to the drawing board.
 m6n tien h~u hTnh danh cho nguoi sap
nghivi$c
E.g: He is to leave with a golden handshake understood to total
at least one year•s salary.
gia b(>, lamb<?
E.g: He•sjust putting on an act for the boss•s benefit.
dLJc?c biet den, duc?c phat hi$n, dLJc?c dua ra
anhsang.
E.g: Fresh evidence has recently come to light.
thao ra tung man h
E.g: Men like to take things to pieces and put them together.
gay nham lan, b6i r6i, ph9m m<?t sai lam
gayb6i r6i
E.g: I really put my foot in it -I asked her ifJanewas her mother,
but she said Jane is her sister.
no ltjc, Ia m tron trach n h i$m
E.g: The rest of the team complained that Sarah wasn't pulling
her weight.
xoay so de kiem song
E.g: It's not easy to make ends meet with a big family, but
somehow we manage.
hieu nham ai d6
E.g: I think I must explain her that she get the wrong end of the
stick again.
to stay up working, especially
studying late at night (thac khuya lam vi$c, h9c bai)
E.g: I will have a big exam tomorrow so I'll be burning the
midnight oil tonight.
canh giac, th~n tr9ng
E.g: We had better keep on our toes while we're walking along
the dark portions of this street.
dong tlnh
E.g: My sisters don•t see eye to eye with me about the
arrangements.
 to remember
to consider something (tfnh den cai g1, xem xet vi~c g1)
We will take your long year of service into account when
we make our final decision.
het hi v<;>ng, kh6ng thay doi du'c;:>c g1
E.g: It seems that Charles will give it up. I suppose he is a lost
cause.
chacchan
E.g: You're bound to be late if you don't hurry.
basically, fundamentally (thl;/c chat, cd ban)
E.g: James sometimes seems quite unfriendly but at heart he's
a good person.
recognize (nh~n ra)
E.g: The woman said that she would know the thief by sight if
she ever saw him again.

sometimes (thinh thoang, kh6ng thu'ong xuyen)

E.g: Every now and again, I go to a restaurant to treat myself an
appetizing mea I.
lam vi~c can th~n va t~n tam
E.g: She is at pains to point out how much work she has done.
xoay sd, du'dng da u (to manage, to cope)
E.g: During difficult economic times, many people have to
make do with less.
thoat du'Qc ng uy h iem trong gang tac
It was a close call for residents when a tornado swept
throughjust west of the town.
danh gia thap
E.g: It's a mistake to sell your audience short - they're more
intelligent than you think they are.
chju trach nhi~m ve nhung g1 m1nh da lam
E.g: If she lied to me, then she'lljust have to face the music.
 help someone out with the
assumption that they will return the favor in the future (giup
do nguoi khacvoi hyv9ng h9segiup l9i mlnh)
E.g: I don't mind driving this time- she•s scratched my back
plenty of times .
. If a reason, argument, or explanation holds
water, it is true (c6 sue thuyet phl:Jc, chfnh xac)
E.g: The jury convicted her because her story just didn't hold
water.

~lf~
~~

COLLOCATIONS VOl DO

- Do an assignment: lam m9t - Do one's duty: lam nghia Vl,l

nhi~m Vl,l du'<?c giao
- Do business (with): kinh doanh
- Do one's best: co gang het sac
- Do a crossword: chdi 6 chu
- Do damage: gaythi~t hc;~i
- Do a course: theo m9t kh6a h<;>c
- Do history/economics: h<;>c lich
su/kinhteh<;>c
-Do an experiment: lam thf
nghi~m
- Do good: bo fch Do harm: gay hc;~i
- Do a job: lam m9t cong vi~c
- Do one's hair: lam t6c
- Do one's homework: lam bai t~p
venha
- Do research: nghien cau
- Do someone a favour: lam giup ai
dieug1
- Do the shopping: mua sam
- Do wonders/ miracles: mang lc;~i
ket qua kl di~u
- Do without: lam ma khong c6 cai
gl
- Do wrong: lam sai
- Make an appointment: thu xep
m<)tcu<)ch~n
- Make an attempt: co gang, no h,lc
- Make an announcement: thong
bao
- Makethebed:dqngiliong
- Make a cake: lam banh
- Make changes: thay doi
- Make a choice: chqn hja
- Makeadecision:quyetdjnh
- Make a comment: nh~n xet
- Make a complaint: phan nan,
than phien
- Makeacomparison:sosanh
- Make a contribution: dong g6p
vao
- Make a decision: quyet djnh
- Make a difference: tao sli khac
bi~t . .
- Make a distinction: tao sli khac
bi~t/sl,ltlidng ph<!m · ·
- Take sb/sth for granted: xem ai/
cai gila tat nhiem
- Take place: xay ra
- Takepartin:thamgiavao
- Take effect: c6 hi~u ll,ic
- Take advantage of sth: t~n d1,.1ng
caigl
- Takenoticeofsth:chuydencaigl
- Take responsibility for sth: chju
trach nhi~m vecai gl
- Takeinterestin:quantamden
- Make an effort: no h,tc
- Makeanexcuse:vi~nco
- Make a law: thong qua d<;1o lu~t
- Make a mistake: mac sai lam
- Make money: kiem tien
- Make progress:tien b9
- Make a plan: l~p ke ho<;1ch
- Make a phone call: gqi di~n tho<;1i
- Make preparations for: chuan bi
cho ·
- Make a profit:thu l<?i nhu~n
- Make a promise: hua h~n
- Make a speech: dqc bai dien van
- Make noise: lam on
- Make a start: khoi hanh
- Make a suggestion: de nghj
- Makeawill:lamdichuc
- Make up one's mind: quyet djnh
- Makeuseof:slid~,Jng
- Takeoffence:thatvqng, ph~ty
- Take powder/office: nh~n chuc
- Take a pity on sb: thong cam cho
ai
- Take a view/ attitude: c6 quan
diem/thai d9
- Take sth as a compliment: xem
cai gl nhli loi khen t~ng
- Take sth as an insult: xem cai gl
nhli loi sl nh~,-~c
 COLLOCATIONS VOl HAVE

-Have difficulty (in) doing - Havefun:vuive

something: g~p kh6 khan khi lam - Have a rest: nghl ngdi
caig1
- Have a relationship: c6 moi quan
- Have a problem: c6 van de, g~p h~vdi ai
kh6khan
- Haveago/try:thu

COLLOCATIONS VOl PAY

- Payattentionto:chuyden - Pay tribute to: bay to long kfnh

- Pay a com pi i ment: khen tr<;mg
- Pay a visit to sb: den tham
ai/vieng tham ai

COLLOCATIONS VOl ASK

- Askafavour:hoitr<;:$giup - Ask for something: doi hoi gl d6

- Ask a question: hoi m<?tcau hoi - Ask permission: xin phep
- Ask for advice: hoi loi khuyen - Asksb out: ru ai d6 di dau d6
- Ask for directions: hoi chi dan
duongdi

COLLOCATIONS VOl CATCH

- Catch (on) fire: bat lua
- Catch a bus/ a train: batxe bus
- Catch a cold: bj cam l<;mh
- Catch sight of: chi nhln m<?t luc
- Catch someone's attention: thu
hutsl,ichuycua ai
- Catch someone's eye: lam cho ai
d6bjthuhut
- Catch you later!: h~n g~p l9i
- Catch your breath: ngung/ nghi
dethd blnh thuong trd l9i

Moi theo doi tiep trang sau

 - Save energy: tieh ki~m nang
ILJ<;jng
- Save time: tiet ki~m thai g ian
- Save space: de d~mh cho (de
dl,ing, d~t gl d6)
- Save money: tieh ki~m tien
- Save someone's live: cuu m<;~ng ai
d6
- Save one's strength: giU sue
- Save someone a seat: giu cho
ngoi cho ai d6

each phatam s/es

Cach 09C 115 11 VG "es" CUOi danh tU SO nhieu va CUOi d()ng tu khi
dung vdi ngoi thu ba d thl hi~n t~i ddn: chung ta can c(i vao am
CUOi CUa danh tu ho~c d()ng tU tru'oc khi du'QC them "s" hO~C "es"
de phan bi~t ba each d9c khac nhau nhu'sau:

[s] [z] [IZ]

[b, d, g_ I, m, n, r, v, o]
[8, p, k, f, t] va sau cac nguyen am [s, J, tJ, z, d3]
[a1, Jl, 1a, e1, au, ea]

rub~, card~, egg~, wall~,

buses, washes, catches,
path~. clap~, kick~, names, clean~, wear~.
fizzes, judges
chef~, hit~ lives, clothes, tries, toy~.
fear~, day~, row~. pair~
each dc;>c 11ed" cuoi d(>ng tu qua khu ddn va qua khu phan tu:
chling ta can CU vao am CUOi CUa d(>ng tu truck khi dLiQC them
"ed" de phan bi~t ba each dqc khac nhau nhlisau:

[t] [d] [ld]

[b, g, I, m, n, r, v, d3, o, z]
[tJ, J, s, p, f, k] va sau cac nguyen am [t,d]
[a1, Jl, 1a, e1, au, ea]

robbed, hugged, called,

matched, pushed, claimed, opened, arrived,
waited, rented, added,
kissed, hoped, laughed, managed, breathed,
decided
tricked advised, cried, enjoyed,
stayed, towed, repaired

Chuy: M(>ts6tfnh tut~n cung c6"ed" nhling each d<;>c kh6ng theo
nguyentactren, ma l9i du<;)c phatam Ia [1d], nhusau:

Tfnhtu each d<;>c Nghia

-dogged ['dogtd] =ngoan cuong; kien djnh

-middle-aged [,mtdl'etd31d] =tuoi trung nien
-naked ['netktd] =tran truong
-ragged ['r02g1d] =rach nat
-rugged ['rAgtd] =lam cham; n l<?m
-sacred ['seiknd] =thieng lieng
-wicked ['wtktd] =ac d¢c
-wretched ['retJtd] =toi t~; b~n h hoc:;m

TRQNGAM

VD: ap'pear; de'gree; de'cide; ...

Ngo9i tru: 'offer; 'answer; 'enter; 'listen; 'open; 'finish; 'happen ...

VD: 'local; 'social; 'campus; 'pillow; ...

VD: 'raincoat; 'tea-cup; 'film-maker; 'short-hand; 'bookshop;
'footpath; 'shortlist; ...

VD: 'home-sick; 'air-sick; 'praiseworthy; ....

N HUNG: bad-'temper; short-'sighted, well-'informed ...

VD: 'somehow; 'somewhat ....

VD: a'bed; a'bout; a'lone ....

VD: four'teen; 'fourty ...

each tim tr<;mg am chfnh Vfdl:l

application, education, collision, provision,

1. Dau nhan chfnh dat truck cac
traditional, internationally, etc.
am tiet: "ion, ional, ionally".
* Ngo<;~i 1~: television
enthusiastic, optimistic, economics,
2. Dau nhan chfnh dat truck
statistics, historical, numerical, specifically,
cac am tiet: "ic, ical, ically".
* Ngo<;~i 1~: politics, arithmetic, heretic

3. Dau nhan chfnh d~t truck am ability, university, capacity, community,

tiet: "ity". electricity, responsibility, etc.

biology, sociology, technology, archaeology,

4. Dau nhan chfnh dat truck cac
geography, photography, philosophy,
am tiet: "ogy, aphy, ophy, amy".
economy, astronomy, etc.

s. Dau nhan chfnh dat truoc cac physician, electrician, Brazilian, Canadian,
am tiet: "ian, ial, ially". industrial, controversial, commercially, etc.

trainee, referee, refugee, interviewee,

6. Dau nhan chfnh d~t ngay am
cu6i khi am cu6i co cac am:
"ee", "eer", "oo" ho~c "oon".
pioneer, engineer, mountaineer, taboo,
balloon, maroon, tycoon, typhoon, etc.
* Ngo<;~i 1~: employee, committee, reindeer
 each tim trqng am chfnh Vfdl,.l

delicious, industrious, fastidious,

7. Dau nhan chfnh d~t truck cac
am tiet: "ious" ho~c "eous".
courageous, advantageous, tenacious,
outrageous, ostentatious, etc.
CHU Y: Neu chi c6 am "ous" (khong Ia "ious"
ho~c "eous"), dau nhan chfnh d~t ngay
truoc "ous" hoac hai van truck "ous".
Vf d1,.1: disastrous, scandalous, populous,
adventurous, continuous, meticulous etc.

s. Dau nhan chfnh a~t truoc cac individual(ly), contractual, perpetually),

am tiet: "ual, ually" continual(ly), etc.

9. Cac tu c6 ba am tiet tro len,

t~n cung c6 am "ate" ho~c advocate, communicate, dedicate, illiterate,
"ately", chung ta aem nguqc tu accelerate, intimidate, unfortunately,
"ate, ately" ra truck ba am tiet immediately, deliberately, etc.
thl <16 Ia dau nhan chfnh.

LVU Y: Cac quy tac tren Ia dau hi~u nh~n biet pho bien de lam phan trc,mg am,
tuy nhien, van CO nhieu cac tu khong theo quytac, do V~y cac em hQC sinh nen
luy~n t~pth~t nhieu phan nay de lam baithanhth90Va chfnh xac nhat.

Moi theo doi tiep trang sau

1. cau hoi co- Cau hoi: bat dau bang cac tr<? d9ng tu: am, is, are, was,
Khong (Yes-No were, do, does, did, will, would, have, may, might, can,
questions) could ....
Cau tra loi: bat dau bang "Yes" ho~c "No" va dLia them
thong tin.
cothetra loi bang:
- I think/believe/hope/expect/guese so. {T6i nghl/ tin/ hi
v9ng/ mong/ doan the.)
- Sure/ Actually/ Of course/ Right ... (DT nhien/ Chac chan
roi.)
- I don't think/ believe/ expect/ suppose so. (T6i kh6ng
nghl/tin/ mong/ cho rang the.)
- I hope/believe/guese/suppose not. (T6i hi VQng/ tin/
doan/ cho Ia khong.)
- I'm afraid not. (T6i e rang kh6ng.)

2. cau hoi Cau hoi: thliong chaa lien tu "or" va yeu cau phai ch9n
chQn h,ia m9t phlidng an.
(Or questions} Cau tra loi: Ia cau ch9n m9t trong hai sl,i ll,ia ch9n duqc
dLia ra trong cau hoi. Khong dung tv "Yes" ho~c "No" de
tra loi cau hoi nay.
Vf d1,1: - Are they Chinese or Vietnamese? - They're
Vietnamese
-Pork or beef?- Beef, please./l'd prefer beef.

3. Cau hoi c6 tu Cau hoi: bat dau bang cac tude hoi nhli what, which,
de hoi who, whose, where when, why, how... de thu th~p thong
(Wh-questions} tin.
Cau tra loi: can cung cap thong tin neu trong cau hoi.
Vf d1,1:- Which of these pens is yours?- The red one.
-Why did he fail the exam?- Because he didn't prepare
well for it.

Moi theo doi tiep trang sau

 4. cau hoi duoi cau hoi duoi:thliong dung de xac nh~n thong tin vdi ngCi
(Tag questions) di~u xuong 0 cuoi cau hoi.
Cau tra loi: cCtng giong nhli cau hoi C6-Kh6ng.
VI d~:~: -Jane left early for the first train, didn't she? -Yes,
she did.
-Peter made a lot of mistakes again, didn't he?- Right, he
did.

s.Hoiduong Loi hoi duong:

ho~c loi chi dan -Could you show me the way to ...?
(asking for
(B<~m lam dn chi duong den ... )
directions or
instructions). -Could you be so kind to show me how to get to ...?
(B~n c6 the vui long chi duong den ... )
-Is there a bank near here?/Where's the nearest bank?
(0 day c6 ngan hang khong? Ngan hang gan nhat odau
v~y?)
Loidap:
- Turn left/right. (Ri?trai/ phai.)
- Go straight ahead for two blocks and then turn left. (t>i
thang qua hai day nha roi re trai.)
Loi xin du'Qc chi dan:
- Could you show me how to operate this machine? (B~n
lam dn chi cho toi each v~n hanh chiEk may nay.)
- Could you tell me how to ... ? (B~n haychicho toi lam the
naode ...)
- How does this machine work? Do you know? (Cai may
nay ho~t d(>ng the nao? C~u c6 biet khong?)
- Keep walking until you reach/ see.... (Cadi thang den
khi b~n den/thay)
- It's just around the corner. (N6 ongay g6c dliong.)
Loidap:
- First, ... Second, ... Then, .... Finally, ... (Trude het... Ke den ...
Tieptheo ... Cuoi cung ...)
- The first step is..., then ... (SLide dau ti€m Ia ... , roi.. .. )
- Remember to .... (Hay nhd Ia .... )
- Well, it's very simple. (A,ddn gian lam.)

Moi theo doi tiep trang sau

~ .~--
~~?;;';
128
li
1. Chao hoi va Chao hoi:
gidi thi~u - Good morning/ afternoon/ evening. (Chao.)
(greeting and
introducing) - Hi/Hello. Have a good day. (Chao. Chuc c~u m<?t ngaytot
lanh.)
- How are you?/ How have you been?/ How are the
things?... (C~u d<:lO nay the nao?)
Loi dap cau chao hoi:
- Good morning/ afternoon/ evening. (Xin chao.)
- Hi/Hello. (Chao.)
- Nice/ Pleased/ Glad/ Great to meet you. (Han h<:mh/ Rat
vui du<;lc g~p an h.)
- Hi. I am Peter. And you? (Chao. T6i ten Peter. Con anh?)
- Have we met before? (Trude day chung ta da g~p nhau
chua?)
- It's a lovely day, isn't it? (Hom nay Ia m<?t ngay d~p troi,
phai khong?)
Gidithi~u:
- I would like to introduce you to... / ... to you. (T6i muon
gioi thi~u c~u vdi.../ ... voi b<;m.)
- I would like you to meet .... (T6i muon b<;m du<;lc g~p go
voi. .. )
- This is.... (Day Ia ... )
- Have you two met before? (Trude day hai c~u da g~p
nhau chua?)
Loi dap cau gioi thi~u:
- How do you do? (Han h<;mh du<;lcg~panh.}
- Nice/ Pleased/ Glad/ Great to meet you. (Han hc;~nh/ Rat
vui du<;lc g~p c~u.)

2. Loi moi Loimoi:

(invitation) - Would you like to ....? (Anh c6 muon ...?)
- I would like to invite you to ... (T6i muon moi an h ... )
- Do you feel like/fancy having ... ? (Anh C6 muon ...?)
- Let me ... (De toi...)
Dong y loi moi:
- It is a great idea. (Y kien qua tuy~t!)
2. Loi moi - That sounds great/fantastic/wonderful/ cool/ fun.
(invitation) (Nghe c6 ve hay day.)
- Yes, I'd love to. (Vang, toi ratthfch.)
- Why not? (T9i sao kh6ng nhl?)
- OK, let's do that. (Dli<;jc, cu nhlithe di.)
Tli choi loi moi:
- No, thanks. (Khong, cam dn.)
- I'm afraid I can't. (Toi e rang toi kh6ng the.)
- Sorry, but I have another plan. (Xin loi, nhling toi c6 ke
ho9ch khac roi.)
- I'd love to but ... (Toi muon lam nhllng ... )
- Some other time, perhaps. (U3n khac v~y nhe.)

3. Ra ve va chao Bao hi~u svra hi~uva chaot9m bi~t:

tc;1m bi~t - I'm afraid I have to be going now/1 have to leave now. (E
{leaving and rang baygiot6i phai di.)
saying goodbye)
- It's getting late so quickly. (Troi mau t6i qua.)
- I had a great time/ evening. (T6i rat vui/ c6 m(>t buoi t6i
tuy~tvoi.)
- I really enjoyed the party and the talk with you. (T6i th~t
sljthfch buoi ti~c va tro chuy~n vdi an h.)
- Thank you very much for a lovely evening. (Cam dn ve
buoi t6i tuy~t voi.)
- Good bye/ Bye. (T9m bi~t.)
- Good night. (T9m bi~t.)
Loidap:
- I'm glad you had a good time. (Toi rat vui Ia anh thfch
n6.)
- I'm glad you like it. (Toi rat vui Ia anh thfch n6.)
- Thanks for coming. (Cam dn anh da den.)
- Let's meet again soon. (H~n sdm gfiip l9i nhe.)
- See you later. (H~n gfiip l9i.)
- Good bye/ Bye. (T9m bi~t.)
- Good night. (T9m bi~t.)

- Take care. (Hay baotr9ng.)

Moi theo doi tiep trang sau

4. Khen ng<;>i va Loi khen ngqi:
chuc mung - You did a good job!/ Good job! (Anh lam tot lam.)
(complimenting
- What you did was wonderful/ desirable/ amazing.
and
(Nhung g1 c~u lam dLiqc th~t tuy~t voi/ dang ngliong
congratulating)
m¢/ kinh ng9c.)
- You playedthegamesowell. (B9n chditr~n dau rat hay.)
- Congratulations! (Xin chuc mung!)
- You look great/fantastic in your new suit. (B9n tr6ng
th~t tuy~t trong b¢ do moi.)
- Your dress is very lovely. (ChiEk ao dam cua ch! th~t
dangyeu.)
- You have a great hairstyle! (Kieu t6c cua b9n th~t tuy~t!)
- I wish I had such a nice house. (Uoc g1 t6i c6 ng6i nha
xinh xan nhu'the nay.)
Loidap:
- Thank you. I'm glad you like it. (Cam dn. Rat vui Ia b9n
thfch n6.)
- You did so well, too. (C~u cOng lam rat tot.)
- Your garden is fantastic, too. (Ng6i vlion cua c~u cOng
tuy~tv~y.)
- Thankyou.llike yours too. (Cam dn. T6i cOng thfch ...)

s. cam dn Loicamdn:
(thanking) - Thank you very much for ... (Cam dn rat nhieu ve ... )
- Thankyou/Thanks/ Many thanks. (Cam dn rat nhieu.)
- It was so kind/ nice/ good of you to invite us... (B9n th~t
Ia tute/t6t da moi chung t6i. ..)
- am thankful/grateful to you for ... (T6i rat biet dn c~u vl...)
Loidap:
- You're welcome. (Kh6ng c6 chi.)
- Never mind/Notal all. (Kh6ng c6 chi.)
- Don't mention it./ Forget it. (C6 gl dau. Dung nhac nua.)
- It's my pleasure (to help you). (T6i ratvui dLi<;jcgiupc~u.)
- I'm glad I could help. (T6i ratvui Ia c6the giup du'<;jc b9n.)
- It was the least we could do for you. (Chung t6i da c6the
lam du'QC hdn the nua.)

G.Xin loi Loixin loi:

{apologizing) - I'm terribly/awfully sorry about that. (T6i het sac xin loi
vedieud6.)
G.Xin loi - 1apologize to you for (Toi xin loi anh vEL)
(apologizing) - It's totally my fault. (86 hoantoan Ia loi cua toi.)
- I didn't mean that. Please accept my apology. (Toi
khong c6 y lam th€t Xin hay chap nh~n loi xin loi cua toi.)
- It will not happen again. I promise. (Toi hda Ia dieu d6 se
khong xay ra naa.)
- 1shouldn't have done that. (Le ra toi da khong lam the.)
- Please let me know if there is anything I can do to
compensate for it. (Hay n6i cho toi bi€h Ia toi c6 the lam
gl de bu dap l<?i dieu d6.)
Loidap:
- it doesn't matter. (Khong sao dau.)
- Don't worry about thai. (Bung lo.)
- Forget it. /No problem./Never mind./ That's all
right./OK. (Khong sao.)
- You really don't have to apologize. (Th~t ra anh khong
can phai xin loi dau.)
- OK. It's not your fault. (8LJ<?c r6i. 86 khong phai Ia loi
an h.)

7. sv thong cam Loi dien d<?t svthong cam:

{sympathy) - I'm sorry to hear that ... (Toi lay lam tiec khi biet rang ... )
- 1feel sorry for you. (Toi lay lam ti€k cho c~u.)
- 1think I understand how you feel. (Toi nghl toi c6 the
hieu dll<?c cam giac cua b<?n the nao.)
- You have to learn to accept it. (C~u phai h<;>c each chap
nh~n dieu d6 thoi.)
Loidap:
- Thank you very much. (Cam dn rat nhieu.)
- It was very kind/nice/thoughtful/caring/considerate of
you. (C~u th~t Ia t6t/tute/ sau sac/ chu dao.)

~ 3. YEU c.Au VA XIN PHEP

1. Yeu cau Loiyeucau:

(making - Can/Could/Will/Would you please? (Lamdn ... )
requests) - Would you mind+ V-ing ... ? (B<?n c6 phien khong neu ... )
- Would it be posslbe ... ? (Li~u c6the ...)
1. Yeu cau - I would be grateful if you could .... (Toi rat bietdn neu c~u
(making c6thEL)
requests) - 1wonder if..... (Toi tt,i hoi khong biet ... c6 duc;;c khong.)
Loidap:
£>6ngy:
- Sure/ Certainly/ Of course. (Dr nhien Ia dLic;jc.)
- No problem. (Khong van de gl.)
- I'm happy. (Toi san long.)
Tuchoi:
- I'm afraid I can't. I'm busy now/ I'm using it. (Toi e rang
khong the. Baygiotoi dang b~n/toi dang dung n6.)
- 1don't think it's possible. (Toi cho Ia khong the duc;;c.)
- Is it OK if I do it later? (LcH nua c6 duc;;c khong?)

2.Xin phep LOi xin phep:

(asking for - May/Might/Can/Could I? (Xin phepchotoi. .. )
permission)
- Do you mind if I... ?/Would you mind if I... ? (C~u c6 phien
khong neu toi...)
- Is it OK if.. ...? (Li~u c6 on khong neu ...)
- Anyone mind if... (C6 ai phi en khong neu ...)
- Do you think I can/could ....? (B;;m c6 nghTia toi c6the ...)
Loidap:
£>6ngy:
- Sure/ Certainly/ Of course/ OK. (Tat nhien roi.)
- Go ahead./You can. (Cdtl,i nhien.)
- Do it! Don't ask. (Ca lam di! £>Ling hoi nua.)
Tuchoi:
- I'm afraid you can't. (Toi e rang khong dlic;jc.)
- I don't thinkyou can. (Toi cho rang khong dLic;jc.)
- No, you can't./No, not now. (Khong. Baygiothl khong.)

Loithan phien ho~cchltrfch:

- You should have asked for permission first. (Le ra c~u phai xin phep truck.)
- You shouldn't have do that. (Le ra b9n khong nen lam dieu d6.)
 - Why on earth didn't you listen to me? (Sao b<;ln l9i kh6ng chlu nghet6i nhi?)
- You're late again./You are being late recently. (Anh l9i di tre. D9o nay anh ca
ditre.)
- You damaged my mobile phone! (Anh lam hong chiEk di~n tho9i di d¢ng
cua toi roil)
- No one but you did it! (Anh cha khong ai khac lam dieu d6!)
Loidap:
- I'm terribly sorry. I didn't meant that. (T6i thanh th~t xin loi. Toi khong coy
lamv~y.)

- I'm sorry but I had no choice. (Xin loi nhling toi khong con sl,( hja chQn nao
khac.)
- l'msorrybutthething is .... (T6ixin loi nhling chuy~n lathe nay... )
- Not me! (Khong phai toil)

~ 5. BA.V T6 QUAN f)IEM cUA NGLiOI N61

1. f>ong y ho~c f>ongy:

khong dong y - I (totally/ completely/ absolutely) agree with you. (T6i
(agreeing or hoan toan dong yvoi c~u.)
disagreeing). - Absolutely/definitely. (DI nhien roi.)
- Exactly! (Chfnh xac.)
- That's true./ That's it. (Dung v~y.)
- You are right. There is no doubt about it. (C~u n6i dung.
Chang con nghi ngo gl ve dieu d6 nua.}
- 1 can't agree with you more. (Toi hoan toan dong y voi
b<;ln.}
- That's just what I think. (Toi cung nghlthe.}
- That's what I was going to say. (T6i cung dinh n6iv~y.}
Khong dong y ho~c dong y m{>t phan:
- You could be right but I think... (C6the anh dung nhling
t6i nghT...)
- I maybe wrong but ... (C6thet6i sai nhling ... }
- I see what you mean but I think ... (T6i hieu y anh nhling
toi nghT...}
- I just don't think it's right that ... (Toi khong cho Ia dieu d6
dung ... }
- 1 don't quite agree because ... (Toi khong han dong y boi
vi ... }
- You're wrong there. (Anh sai roi.}
- Personally, I think that ... (Ca nhan t6i thl cho rang ... }
2. Hoi va dl.la ra y Loi hoi y kien:
kien (asking for - What do you think about... ? (C~u nghl g1 vEL?)
and expressing
- Tell me what you think about ... (Hay cho toi biet anh
opinions).
nghlglvE:L)
- What is your opinion about/ on ... ? (Y kien cua c~u ve ... la
nhlithe nao?)
- Howdoyoufeel about ... ? (C~u thaythenaove ...?)
Loi dlia ray kien:
- In myopinion,/Personally,... (Theotoi thL.)
- In my view, ... (Theo quan diem cua toi, ... )
- It seems to me that ... (Boivoitoi cove Ia ...)
- As far as I can say... (Theo toi dl.l<;jc biet thL.)
- I strongly/ firmly think/ believe/ feel that ... (Toi hoan
toEm nghl/tin/ cam thay Ia ...)
- I mustsaythat ... (Toi phai n6i rang ... )

3. Loi khuy€m Loi khuyen ho~c de nghj:

ho~c de nghj - !f 1 were you, 1would ... (Neu toi Ia c~uthl toi sEL)
(advising or - If I were in your situation/ shoes, I would ... (Neu toi ovao
making hoan canh cua b<?n th1 toi se ... )
suggestions).
- It's a good idea to ... (... Ia m<?t y hay day.)
- You should/had better ... (C~u nen ... )
- It is advisable/recommendable lo... (C~u nen ...)
- 1would recommend that... (Toi khuyen Ia .... )
- Whydon'tyou ...? (Saoc~u khong ...?)
- What about/How about...? (Con ve ... th1 sao?)
- Shall we ... ?/Let's... (Chung ta hay... )

4. Loi canh bao Loi canh bao:

(warning). - You should/ had better. ... or/ if... not... (C~u nen ... neu
khongthl...)
- You should/had better.... Otherwise,... (C~u nen ... neu
khongthL.)
Vf dl;l:- You should wear a safety helmet while riding, or
you'll get a fine.
- You shouldn't smoke in here. Otherwise, you'll ruin the
carpet.
Loidap:
- Thankyou/Thanks. (Cam dn.)
- I will do it. (Toi se lam the.)
 5. Loi de nghj Loi de nghj giup d6:
giupda - Can/May I help you? (Betoi giupc~u.)
(offering).
- Let me help you. (Betoi giupc~u.)
- How can I help you? (Toi c6thegiupg1 choc~u?)
- Would you like some help?/ Do you need some help?
(C~u c6 can giup khong?)
Chap nh~n loi de nghj giup da:
- Yes, please. (Vang.)
- That is great. (Th~t tuy~t.)

- That would be great/fantastic. (Th~ttuy~t.)

- It would be nice/ helpful/ fantastic/ wonderful if you
could. (Rat tuy~t neu c~u c6 the lam v~y.)
- Thanks. That would be a great help. (Cam dn. BLi<?c c~u
giup thl tot qua.)
As long as you don't mind. (BLi<?c chd neu c~u khong
phien.)
Tli choi loi de nghj giup da:
- No, please. (Khong, cam dn.)
- No. That's OK. (Khong sao dau.)
- Thanks, but I can manage. (Cam dn, nhling toi lam dLi<?c
ma.)

cau giao tiep: ~~~

~

Moi theo doi tiep trang sau

.,;;;;~~~:'
i( 136,
De thi c6 so cau trac nghi$m. Bao gom kien thac ngu phap, Tu
Vl;Jng nam 0 chu'dng trlnh h9C ldp 10, 11,12 Va chu de cac bai d9c Va
chu de CUa cac bai d9C hieu cung thu<?c cac units quen thu9c VOi
h9csinh.
*so cau du'c;jc chia thanh 8 d9ng bai quen thu<?c:
Nguam
nmloisai
Hoan thanh cau
Chac nang giao tiep
Tu dong nghia -trai nghia
Tim cau dong nghia, n6i cau
Hoan thanh do9n van
D9c hieu
*Ti 1$ mac d9 cau hoi: 60% cd ban va 40% nang cao.
* Ngoai bai d9C hieu de phan h6a h9C sinh thl cac cau hoi de va kh6
o
nam rai rae cac d9ng bai, nghia Ia moi m<?t d9ng bai deu c6 the
xu at hi$n cau hoi kh6 va thu'ong Ia nhung cau kiem tra ve tuvl;ing.
Khi on Tieng Anh, hay nhd luy$n kS/, du 8 d9ng bai tren, dung de
mat diem oan obatkYd9ng bai naoem nhe!

De c6 the lam tot cac cau hoi ve tu vl;ing, hieu du'c;jc nghia cua bai
d9c hieu, h9c sinh THPTthu'ong phai nam vung tu 2000-3000 tu
vl;lng bai h9c tu cd ban tdi nang cao thu<?c cac chu de, units quen
thu<?ctrong SGK.
Lam sao de ghi nhd kh6i lu'c;jng tuvl;ing nhieu nhu'the nay? Trude
tien, hay len myc tieu cho mlnh moi ngay tru'dc khi di ngu phai
hc;>c thu(>c Iau du ft nhat 10 tu vljng moi hoan toan. 1 nam h<;>c +on
thi c610thang, moi ngay10tula sau d6em chac3000tudithi r6i.
Dlidi day Ia 4 each ghi nho tu vljng giup em n<?p nhanh hdn (theo
loi khuy€m cua oxford.edu.vn) va nhieu anh chi da thljc hanh
thanh cong,apdl:.Jng ngaynhe:
- H<;>c tu vljng theo chu de: Thay v1 h<;>c rieng le tung tu roi r<?c, hay
li~t ke tat ca chu de c6 trong sach giao khoa Th?ng Anh lop 10, lop
11 va lop 12, sau d6, viet tu vljng cd ban, mo r(>ng theo chu de d6,
vi~c nay se giup b<?n biet them nhieu tu moi, IC?i vua giup b<?n khi
g~p 1 bai d<;>c hieu ve chu de nao d6 se khong bi ba nga, biet each
doan nghia ca bai du chi biet ft tuvljng.
- Slt dl:.Jng h1nh anh, am thanh hay cau chuy~n de ghi nhd tuvljng
nhanh
Khi h<;>c 1 tu moi, hay co gang tl;i nghi y tuong va minh h<;>a cho n6
bang h1nh anh ng(> nghinh, khi h<;>c 1 nh6m tu vljng theo chu de,
hay co gang sap xep chung vao thanh 1 do<?n van, ke ve 1 cau
chuy~n thu vi. Voi each nay, dam bao b<?n se nhd tu mdi rat Iau d6.
- T~p su dl:.Jng cac tu mdi va on t~p thliong xuyen: Sau khi h<;>c cac
tu moi, b<?n nen t~p slt dl:.Jng chung hang ngay, c6 the bang each
n6i ho~c viet. BC?n nen nho rang, h<;>c tu vljng chi thanh cong khi
b9n bietsltdl:.Jng chung l~pdi l~p IC?i.
Cuoi cung, hay kien nhan voi ban than, hom truoc h<;>c hom sau
quen Ia chuy~n qua blnh thliong, hay mo so tay ra on IC?i ngay l~p
tac, moi lan on IC?i Ia m(>t lan tuvljng d6 khac sau trong nao b(> cua
b9nd6.

NEN BATDAU HQCTO'DAU?

Ngu phap thi THPT QG gom toan b9 cac kien thac cd ban c6 trong
chudng tr1nh PTTH, trong d6 c6: Cac thl, tu vljng (cl:.Jm d(>ng tu,
c~m danh tu, gidi tu, ... ), cau dieu ki~n, cau trljc tiep, gian tiep, cau
bi d(>ng, cau dao ngu, cau m~nh de quan h~, cau rut g<;>n (d<?ng
chu d(>ng va bi d(>ng), cac cau true nhan m<?nh ...va d~c bi~t Ia cau
gia dinh (subjunctive) va lien tu n6i (linking word).
Neu b<?n Ia nglioi moi bat dau on Tieng Anh de thi, hay bat tay h<;>c
nhung ngu phap can ban nhat. Dung bao gio d~t n~ng ve so
lli<;jng, ch~m ma chat ILi<?ng thay vi co gang nho nhieu nhat cac
quy tac. Hdn nua, b<?n can ph an chi a quy tac theo cac chu de khac

thi
nhau va b~h dau h9c tu nhung quy tac ddn gian nhat, sau khi da
thanh th9o r6i moi chuyen sang mac kh6 hdn va nang cao.
cac ph an ngu phap Tieng Anh cd ban bao g6m:
Cau trucchu ngu-v! ngu
Ph an bi$tdanh tu-d¢ng tu-tfnh tli-d9i tu-gioi tu
Cac th1cd ban va hay sud l:-1 ng trong Tieng An h ...
0 blioc nay, dieu quan tr9ng Ia chung ta can thlJc sl;i t~p trung vao
Vi$C phan tfch, SO sanh Sl:J' giong Va khac nhau giua ngu phap tieng
Anh va tieng Vi$t. Khi so sanh nhlithe b9n se ghi nho Iau hdn day.
NEN HQC NHUTHE NAO?
Ngu phap Tieng Anh ve cd ban chi c6 m<?t solli<;;ng nhat djnh, chi
can ghi nho se ap dl:-fng de dang. Nhling lam sao de nho lau ngu
phap thl kh6ng phai ai cung biet. Muon lam tot dieu nay, hay "h9c
di d6i voi hanh": luy$n bai t~p th~t nhieu, ap dl:Jng ngu phap vao
vi$c n6i, giao tiep, cac tlnh huang dien ra trong cu<?c song hang
ngay. Lliu y, hay h9c them cac quy lu~t va note nhung cau true
ngu phap d~c bi$t, moi 19 ma b9n g~p phai vi n6 thliong c6 trong
nhung cau kh6 cua dethi day nhe!

D9C hieu Ia d~ng bai dli<?c xep 0 mac v~n dl:Jng cao, toi 90% h9C
sinh chia se rang b9n s<;; va thliong bo qua, b! mat diem nhieu 0
d9ng bai nay. M<)t trong nhung ly do pho bien nhat Ia vi d9c kh6ng
hieu bai van n6i gl vi c6 qua nhieu tuvl:Jng moi.
De lam tot bai d9C hieu, b9n can h9C 19i toan b<? tu moi va t~p d9C,
djch l9i toan b¢ cac bai d9c trong SGK cua ca lop 10,11 va 12. VI hau
het cac bai d9c trong SGK deu thea chu diem, nen khi h9c tu va
d9c l9i bai, h9c sinh se nho m<?t ILi<;;ng tu nhat dinh va c6 khai ni$m
Cl:J the ve tung chu de. Nho V~y, b9n se d9c nhanh hdn va doan tu
tothdn.
Ngoai ra, khi luy$n bai d9c hieu, haythl:-f'c hanh tot 2 kY nang quan
tr9ng: D9C ILiot va d9C c6 Ch9n 19C. Ky nang d9C ILiot toan bai, giup
b9n se hieu dl19C n<)i dung, chu de chfnh, chu y cua tac gia bai d9C
de tra loi nhung cau hoi ve chu de bai d9c Ia gl? Tac gia muon de
c~p toi van de nao? ... Khi d9C ILiot, hay d9C nhanh, kh6ng can qua
chu tr9ng phai hieu tung tu, ma hay t~p doan nghla, n6 se giup
b9n tiet ki$m thoi gian lam bai.
Dqc c6 ch9n l9c Ia kY nang chi d9c nhung do9n van c6 lien quan
toi cau hoi dt.JQC nhac toi de tlm dap an m(>t each nhanh nhat, tra
loi nhung cau hoi ml;Jctieu lay thong tin tu ngu'oi ra de.

Cung vdi cuon so tay Kien thuc Tieng Anh tu A-

z thi THPT QG nay, hay sU' dt:~ng n6 th~t huu fch
trong qua trlnh on t~p, luy~n de de d9t ket qua
tot nhat nhe! Chuc b9n thanh cong! Try your
best!!!
Note:
 SO TAY KIEN THlfC A- Z TIENG ANH THI THPT QUOC GIA

NHA XUAT BAN DAN TRf

so 9- Ng5 26- Pho Hoang cau- Q. Dong Da- TP Ha N9i

VPGD: So 347 DQi Can- Qu~n Ba D1nh- TP. Ha NQi

DT: (024).66860751- (024).66860752

Email: nxbdantri@gmail.com

*****

Chiu tr<kh nhi€!m xuat ban:

BUI THI HlfONG

Chju trckh nhi€!m n9i dung:

LE QUANG KHOI

Bien t~p: VCi Thi Thu Ngan

Ve b1a & minh hoa: Ph9m Hoang Nh~t Linh

sua ban in: Ph9m Thi Tam

Lien ket xuat ban

C6ng ty TNHH Giao D1,1c Edmicro

£)Q'n vj phan phoi doc quyen

Ma ISBN: 978-604-331-011-5
In 3000 cuon, Kho 14,5x20,5 em, t9i C6ng ty TNHH In Thanh B1nh

So 432, dU'b'ng K2, phU'b'ng Cau Di~n- qu~n Nam TLI' Liem- TP Ha N9i

So xac nh~n DKXB: 1186-2021/CXBIPH/8-35/DT

So quyet djnh: QDXB so 1771/QDXB-NXBDT ngay 22/10/2021

In xong n9p IU'u chieu nam 2021