Power System Analysis

12.4 DOUBLE LINE-TO-GROUND FAULTS (LLG)

Done by:
1-Omair_ Abdul Qawi _Abdo_ Hamid. 202073066.
2-Akram Nasser Anbar. 202073401.

Supervisor:
Dr. Mohammed Aliadomi
Double Line-to-Ground Faults
• With a double line-to-ground (DLG) fault two
line conductors come in contact both with
each other and ground. We'll assume these
are phases b and c.

f f f f f
Ia  0 V b g  V cg  Z f ( I b  I c )
2
DLG Faults, cont'd

3
DLG Faults, cont'd

4
DLG Faults, cont'd

5
DLG Faults
• The first step in the analysis of unbalanced
faults is to assemble the three sequence
networks. For example, for the earlier single
generator, single motor example let’s develop
the sequence networks

6
Create Thevenin Equivalents
• To do further analysis we first need to calculate
the thevenin equivalents as seen from the fault
location. In this example the fault is at the
terminal of the right machine so the thevenin
equivalents are:

7
DLG Faults
• Positive, negative and zero sequence
networks are connected in parallel, with the
zero sequence network including three times
the fault impedance


 V 1 .0 5  0 
I  
f   0
Z  Z  (Z  3Z f ) j 0 .1 3 8 9  j 0 .0 9 2

 4 .5 4 7    0  8
DLG Faults

e1 – ( * )

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Example 1:

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Example 1 Solution

Positive Sequence Network

Negative Sequence Network

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Example 1 Solution

Zero Sequence Network

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Example 1 Solution
• To do further analysis we first need to calculate
the thevenin equivalents as seen from the fault
location. In this example the fault is at the
terminal of the right machine so the thevenin
equivalents are:

13
Example 1 Solution
• The three sequence networks are joined as
follows

Assuming Zf=0, then


 V 1 .0 5  0 
I  
f   0
Z  Z  (Z  3Z f ) j 0 .1 3 8 9  j 0 .0 9 2

 4 .5 4 7    0 
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Example 1 Solution


V f  1 .0 5  4 .5 4 7   9 0   j 0 .1 3 8 9  0 .4 1 8 4

I f   0 .4 1 8 4 / j 0 .1 4 5 6  j 2 .8 7 4
0  
I f  I f  I f  j 4 .5 4 7  j 2 .8 7 4  j 1 .6 7 3
f
C on v erti n g to p h ase: Ib   1 .0 4  j 6 .8 2
f
I c  1 .0 4  j 6 .8 2
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Example 2:

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Example 2:

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Examples:

1-The sequence components of the fault

current are as follows: I positivej 1.5 pu,
I negative - =j 0.5 pu ,I zero- = j1pu. The
type of fault in the system is
1. LG
2. LL
3. LLG
4. LLLG
Answer Option : 3 LLG
Following Examples:
2-A fault occurring at the terminals of an unloaded AC generator operating at
its rated voltage has
resulted in the following sequence currents and voltages. What is the type of
fault?
Positive sequence current = j 3 p.u
Negative sequence current 5.5- = p.u
Zero sequence current = j 2.5 p.u
Positive sequence voltage 2 = p.u
Negative sequence voltage 2 = p.u
Zero sequence voltage 2 = p.u
1. Line to Line Fault.
2. Line-Line-Ground Fault.
3. Open Circuit Fault.
Answer
Option : 2 Line-Line-Ground Fault
Following Examples:

3-The fault current, in a double line to ground fault on a

system depends on
A.z1 ,z2 and z0.
B.z1 and z2 only.
C.z2 and z0 only.
D.does not depend on any of them.
4-If all the sequence voltages at the fault point in a power
system are equal, then fault is __________
a )LLG fault.
b )Line to Line fault.
c )Three phase to ground fault.
d )LG fault.
Answer :a
Following Examples:

5-The most severe unsymmetrical fault is

a. singleline-to-ground fault.
b. line-to-linefault.
c. doubleline-to-ground fault.
d. none of above.
ANSWER :double line-to-ground fault
Following Examples:

6-For a double line-to-ground fault through

a fault impedance ZF, the sequence
networks
are to be connected ,_____________ at the
fault terminal ;additionally _________ ,is
to be included in series with the zero-
sequence network. Fill in the Blanks.
Following Examples:
7-The´venin equivalent sequence networks
looking into the faulted bus of a power system
are given with Z1= j0 ,15:Z=j0 ,15:Z0= j0,2:
and E1=1 per unit. Compute
the fault currents and voltages for the following
faults occurring at the faulted bus:
(a )Double line-to-ground fault.
END