Bolo – is use for cutting branches leaves and grasses

Crowbar – is use for digging soil

Hand fork – is used for crumbling the soil
Hoe – is used for digging breaking or loosening big blocks of soil
Rake – is used for even separating, spreading, and leaving of soil and for gathering leaves
Shovel – is used for removing soil or weeds and transferring the soil and fertilizer
Spading fork – is used for removing soil or trash
Sprinkler – is used for watering plants
Thread or yarn – is used for straightening garden plot by tying it on one post
Trowel – is used for cultivating, digging, or loosening soil and transferring or planting small
plants
Wood – is used as fences to prevent animals from entering the plot
Wheelbarrow – is used for hauling fertilizer and soil and carrying tools and materials
Two ways of plant or tree propagation:
Seed germination, human intervention
Budding – the single bud is forced to grow on the stock
T – budding – is the most common form of budding
Grafting – the top portion of a stem of a plant is jointed with or inserted into the rootstock
Cleft grafting – most common form of grafting
Marcotting – the branch or stem is induced to the root that is attached to the mother plant
Germination - is the beginning growth of seed
Proper selection – the use of good and healthy seeds ensure good quality ang high yield
Testing – determine the germinating ability of the seeds by testing them
Storage – the life of the seed must be ensured
Organic fertilizer – is any solid or liquid product from plants or animals that has undergone
decomposition
Composting – is the natural process by which an organic material is decomposed
Sandwich – it is an old practice where organic materials or wastes are place on top of a layer
Chopping – organic materials are sprayed with probiotics to make a mixture
Vermicomposting – earthworms are used for faster production of rich nutritious soil
Animal raising – is practiced since the ancient civilizations to grow and expand
Animal raisers – people who raise four legged animals
Fish farmers – people who raise fish
Cows – are raise for eat, dairy, and leather they are also considered as draught animals for
pulling carts
Goats – are easy to raise and resistant to diseases
Milkfish – it is a bright and silver colored fish specie that can be raise in brackish or saltwater
ponds
Tilapia – it is farm cultured ponds and usually grow in freshwater
Catfish – it has large head and long thin parts that look like a cat’s whiskers around its mouth
Carp – it is one of the most farmed fish out of the many ornamental fish species
Benefits:
Cows and goats are sources of milk, fish provide protein, fish farming is also a source of income
or livelihood
Hazards:
Wear protective attire to avoid infections and diseases
Put on ear plugs or earmuffs to reduce exposure to loud noises
Be careful when vaccinating from animals
Quicklime – is a chemical used to destroy parasites
Health and safety practices
Practice good management in breeding
Select and isolate sick animals
Build strong wooden fences
To be more successful in this field
Sell products that are fresh
Sell during peak season
Sell directly to consumers or processors
Direct selling – it is marketing of products or services to consumers
Retailing – it is selling of products or services through distributors
Robert Petines – he is a fish farmer from Cagayan valley he also given the prestigious award of
National Gawad Saka
Guillermo Catasus – also known as Ka Emong is an agri businessman from laguna
Remember the following: shelter
Provide a spacious area for the goats to roam around, maintain a dry and draft free
shelter ,keep your goats clean and trimmed
Spade – is used to dig or break the soil
Sliding wood – is made of wood and set in inclined positions that is used to move mud blocks
Wooden post – is used to support the perimeters of the fish pond
Bamboo – is used to build the railing or gabay
Rope no. 8 – is used to tie the nets to railings of bamboo
Anchors - can be made of stones sinkers or bamboo pegs that are used to secure the perimeter
and breaker nets
Synthetic nets – are maid of either nylon that are used to create the perimeters
Natural feeds – these are organisms that lived in ponds
Supplementary feeds – these are commercially produced and sold in animal or pet store
Total pond harvest – a large net with sinkers on one edge
Partial harvest – is selected according to fish size
Retailers – are people who resell purchased items
Merchants – are person or firms who contact animal or fish raisers and sell products consigned
to them
Cooperatives – is a group of entrepreneurs with same or common goals
Online marketing – website are used to further promote your farm and your products
Resources – are the things and qualities possessed a family
Values – these are the principles that you cherish the most and you consider as desirable or
important
Goals – these are the things that can be implied or be definite
Decision – these are your conclusion or judgement on an issue or matter
Human resources – these are intangible qualities of the family that contribute to their overall
well being
Nonhuman resources – these are tangible family possessions that are available for usage
Long term goals – these are important goals in life that are achieved after years of careful
planning and work
Short-term goals – these are goals that are met or achieved for a short period of time
Basic and social needs:
Self actualization, esteem, social, safety and security, physiological
Wage or salary – it is the money earned for goods or services rendered that is paid to the any
adults who works
Profit from business – it is the dividend from shares of stocks and bonds
Lease of property – it is the proceeds from rental of a family owned real estate property
Pension – it is the income of a retired family member
Commission and bonus – these are additional income that is over and above the regular salary
Royalty and copyright – these are the additional income for a family member who has written a
book or invented something
Family finance – refers to the management of income and expenses that affects the family
Income – refers to the money received by the family for the goods and services rendered
Expense – refers to the money paid by the family for goods and services that it gets
Food – it gets the biggest share in the allocation of your family budget
Utilities – these are paid on a monthly basis
Shelter – it could e rented like an apartment where family lives
Education – it refers to the school fees that are paid either on a yearly or semestral basis
Savings – it is the money that is set aside for emergency purposes of allotted for the future
Household operations – this is an allocated budget for a family member who stays at home or
your house helper
Medical and dental care – these are expenses for medical and dental appointment and the
medicine needed by the family
Clothing – this is a basic need of the family
Rest and recreation – these are the activities that provide relaxation and entertainment for the
family
Social and moral obligations – these include celebrations or events like birthdays, among others
Set family guidance in managing family:
Identify the goals of the family, know how much money is required to achieve your goals, make
a final decision on what to prioritize
How to limit your expenses:
Never buy using credit card, always buy the right size and amount of product,refrain from
frequent shopping
Money – is considered as the most important family resources
Fixed expenses – are paid regularly on a more or less the same amount
Flexible expenses – are paid in varying amount
Example of Fixed expenses:
Transportation, water, and electricity bills, house rental
Linens – are fabric household items intended for daily use like bed sheets, tablecloths, and
towels
Table linens – these are linens that are used for formal table setting
Bed linens – these are also called beddings these are sheets that are utilized in the bedroom
Bath linens – these are linens used in bathroom
Stitching aids – needle, thread, pins, needle threader, seam ripper, pincushion and emery bag,
thimble
Needle – this is a pointed metal with an eye that is used to carry thread
Thread – is used to sew fabrics
Pins – these are used to hold pieces of fabric temporally
Needle threader – this is used to pull the thread through the eye of the needle
Seam ripper – this has a pointed and a curved end that is used to undo stiches
Pincushion – is used to hold the pins and needles that are not in use
Emery bag – is used to polish rusty pins and needles
Thimble – this is used to protect the middle finger from being prickled
Measuring tools
Ruler, tape, dressmaker gauge
Ruler – this used to mark lines or patterns on the fabric
Tape measure – this is used to take body measurements
Dressmaker gauge – this is used to take measurements such as the distance between buttons
Marking tools
Tailors chalk, dressmaker carbon, tracing wheel, soft pencil
Tailors chalk – this is a hard square wax that is used to mark the fabric ‘
Dressmaker carbon – also called as tracing paper
Tracing wheel – this is used with the dressmakers carbon
Soft pencil – this is used to mark dark marks that can be easily erased
Cutting tools
Scissors, pinking shears, bent – handle dressmaker shears
Scissors – these are used to trim pieces of fabric
Pinking shears – these are used to cut the seam edges on fabric
Bent – handle dressmaker shears – these are used to cut large pieces of fabric
Tracing – it is easiest and simplest pattern drafting technique for garments
Rub off technique – it can either be done on paper or fabric
Email marketing – this is advertising using email
Blog – is an online journal of ideas or thoughts on various topics
Social media – it is promoting your business through social media
Print media – this is promotion in magazines, or flayers
Product display – this is promotion in exhibits, and other social events
Internet marketing - this is promotion using technology such as emails, and social media sites