BỘ GIÁO DỤC VÀ ĐÀO TẠO Môn thi: ĐỌC VIẾT 4

TRƯỜNG ĐẠI HỌC MỞ Thời gian làm bài 90 phút _ ĐỀ SỐ:

THÀNH PHỐ HỒ CHÍ MINH Đề thi gồm 5 trang
Họ, tên thí sinh:................................................................ MSSV:.......................................................
(Sinh viên không sử dụng tài liệu, làm bài trên phiếu trả lời)
PART I: READING (4 marks)
Read the text and choose the best answer (A, B, C or D) to each question below it. Then mark your
choice (A, B, C or D) on your answer sheet.
FOREST SCHOOLS
A - When a family friend recently commented that she’d noticed how imaginative my young children’s
games are and how impressive it was that they were making their own decisions with such confidence, I
told her it was largely down to the Forest school they’d been attending. She asked for the address, so I
informed her that it isn’t an actual school but a movement that helps groups of children learn outdoors, in a
wood or similar natural environment. I support it precisely because it believes in helping children learn
about the world outdoors. At a time when many children think milk comes from supermarkets, I think it’s
important for them to be able to identify common birds, plants and insects. I want my children to climb
trees and play by streams and ponds, to learn to use and make tools, and this is what the Forest school
offers. The philosophy is that children learn without realizing they are learning.
B - Our young are losing the open-air culture that previous generations have enjoyed. In some parts of the
world this is still strong. Indeed, the Forest school idea stems for a visit made to Scandinavia by a group of
British nursery teachers some twenty years ago. They came back full of enthusiasm to create a new way of
learning based on what they had witnessed. Within a few years, they had developed a training programme
aimed at teachers with similar interests and now formal qualifications are available. More than 500 schools
throughout the UK give their young learners one day of learning outdoors a week. This style of learning is
a long process. Children need to see the wood in different seasons, not just when it is sunny, so Forest
schools operate all year round, and in all weather.
C - Of course, the children are not simply left alone. A team of adults each work with groups of six or so
learners, which is a better ratio than in normal classes where you might have one teacher for every 30
pupils. The place where my children go has no indoors at all. There is a fire pit where they can sing and
cook food, a stage made from blocks of wood, and the toilet is a shed. There is also a tent where they do
reading activities, and networks of paths through trees. Importantly, children learn about risks such as
falling over, getting wet, cuts and bruises, burns. Instead of avoiding them, they learn to manage the risks
and prevent them by acting safely, which is a skill children don’t learn if parents are over protective.
D - Forest school teachers say there is no such thing as bad weather, just inappropriate clothing. I honestly
believe my children have had fewer coughs and colds since starting. They seem less likely to pass around
illnesses than when shut in a classroom all day. Other parents agree, and some have also reported that
children are happy to pay attention to things for longer and are less disruptive. This makes sense, because
when you are outdoors, your senses come alive and are more engaged. There are also consequences for the
health of the planet. Children who know little about the natural world are not likely to defend it later on,
and with the pressing issue of climate change, we desperately need more people to speak up for the planet.
That's why it is encouraging that the movement is expanding, both in Britain and beyond. In South Korea,
for example, 40 per cent of kindergartens have some form of forest school education.
1. Which paragraph describes how children's behaviour has changed for the better?
A.Paragraph A
B.Paragraph B

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 C.Paragraph C
D.Paragraph D
2. Which paragraph mentions how children demonstrate independence?
A.Paragraph A
B.Paragraph B
C.Paragraph C
D.Paragraph D
3. Which paragraph gives details of typical Forest school facilities?
A.Paragraph A
B.Paragraph B
C.Paragraph C
D.Paragraph D
4. Which paragraph suggests Forest schools are growing in popularity?
A. Paragraph A
B. Paragraph B
C. Paragraph C
D. Paragraph D
5. Which paragraph mentions the importance of learning difficult lessons?
A. Paragraph A
B. Paragraph B
C. Paragraph C
D. Paragraph D
6. Which paragraph describes how Forest schools believe children learn best?
A. Paragraph A
B. Paragraph B
C. Paragraph C
D. Paragraph D
7. Which paragraph refers to the background of Forest schools?
A. Paragraph A
B. Paragraph B
C. Paragraph C
D. Paragraph D
8. Which paragraph suggests environmental benefits of Forest schools?
A. Paragraph A
B. Paragraph B
C. Paragraph C
D. Paragraph D
9. Which paragraph makes a comparison with an aspect of traditional education?
A. Paragraph A
B. Paragraph B
C. Paragraph C
D. Paragraph D
10. Which paragraph mentions health benefits of Forest schools?
A. Paragraph A
B. Paragraph B
C. Paragraph C
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 D. Paragraph D
Read an article about the discovery of ancient footprints. For questions 11–20, choose the answer (A,
B, C or D) which you think fits best according to the text. Then mark your choice on your answer
sheet.
Treasure trove of ancient human footprints found near volcano
Nine miles from the volcano the Maasai call ‘the Mountain of God’, on the southern shore of Tanzania’s
Lake Natron, researchers have made an astonishing and very rare discovery. It is reported to be an
enormous set of well-preserved human footprints left in the mud between five thousand and nineteen
thousand years ago. There are more than four hundred of the footprints, and they are believed to cover an
area slightly larger than a tennis court. No other site in Africa has as many ancient Homo sapiens
footprints, making it a treasure trove for scientists trying to tell the story of humankind’s earliest days.

Some of the tracks are believed to show people jogging through the mud. Other prints imply a person with
a slightly strange, possibly broken, big toe. Yet more tracks suggest that around a dozen people, mostly
women and children, travelled across the mudflat together, striking toward the southwest for parts
unknown. The mud has captured it all, including the small bits of mud that fell from their feet with each
step.

These new Tanzanian tracks can now be added to an exclusive set of human footprints that have stood the
test of time. Laetoli − a site in Tanzania some sixty miles southwest of Lake Natron − has 3.6-million-
year-old footprints possibly made by the human ancestor Australopithecus afarensis. Australia’s Willandra
Lakes site has seven hundred fossil footprints made about twenty thousand years ago, and two sites on the
South African coast have Homo sapiens tracks dating as far back as a hundred and twenty thousand years
ago. However, few other places in the world offer as exciting an opportunity to find out about early human
history as this new find. The abundance and diversity of prints on the shores of Lake Natron offer a
strikingly detailed snapshot of what life was like for our ancestors in Africa.

The newly-discovered site − and the researchers who excavated it − owe a great deal to Ol Doinyo Lengai,
the volcano that stands high above Lake Natron. The 7,650-foot-tall peak is a place of pilgrimage for the
local tribespeople, the Maasai. It is thought that ash-rich mud from the volcano formed the mudflats on
which the ancient people walked, recording their footprints. In a matter of hours to days, the mud’s surface
dried out, preserving the prints in a cracked crust. Another flow of debris then buried the footprints at least
ten thousand to twelve thousand years ago, entombing them for millennia.

Local villager Kongo Sakkae found some of the footprints prior to 2006, but the site didn’t reach the
attention of scientists until 2008, when conservationist Jim Brett happened to be staying at the Lake Natron
Tented Camp, just a few hundred yards from the footprints. Stunned by what he saw, Brett snapped as
many pictures as he could and resolved to pass them along to a scientist he knew he could trust. This was
geologist Cynthia Liutkus Pierce, whom he had met when she was a postdoctoral researcher. Several days
later, Liutkus-Pierce saw Brett’s photographs and was awestruck by the quality of preservation. In short
order, she recruited a diverse team of scientists to make further investigations.

Dating exactly when humans walked across the mud near Lake Natron proved to be an enormous
challenge. Originally, it was thought that the mud that captured the footprints began as ash that had rained
down after Ol Doinyo Lengai erupted. If that were true, the ash would be essentially the same age as the
footprints themselves − an approach that initially suggested the prints were about a hundred and twenty
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thousand years old. The team announced this possible age at a conference in 2011, raising excitement but
also stirring up some debate over the interpretation. However, once the team realized that the ash had been
carried to the site by water, they changed their method of determining the age of the footprints, and
ultimately placed them at a more conservative age somewhere between five thousand and nineteen
thousand years old.

The next step is to preserve the site for the long term. For now, the Tanzanian government is protecting the
site, but there is always the danger that it might be destroyed by natural elements or by people. Even in the
worst-case scenario, however, future scientists will be able to see what the research team saw when they
first reached the site. With the help of the Smithsonian Museum, the team has created 3D scans of all the
footprints. Essentially, they have the ability to replicate the site with 3D printing.
11. We find out_________________ in the first paragraph.
A. when the ancient footprints were found
B. how many people made the ancient footprints
C. how big the ancient footprints are
D. whether the ancient footprints are in good condition
12. According to the article, the footprints show that _______________________
A. many people had foot problems.
B. the people were of different ages and gender.
C. most people were fit.
D. the majority of the people were women.
13. The children’s footprints indicate ______________.
A. the exact number of children in the area
B. the health problems they suffered from
C. the direction they were heading
D. the relationship they had with their mothers
14. The footprints found in Tanzania in the third paragraph _____________.
A. are the oldest set of footprints discovered in Africa
B. are found at one of many other similar sites around the world
C. are more than most other sites
D. belong to Australopithecus afarensis
15. _____________ are not revealed in the article.
A. The details of the volcano Ol Doinyo Lengai’s height
B. Some aspects of the volcano Ol Doinyo Lengai’s appearance
C. The facts about the volcano Ol Doinyo Lengai’s location
D. The reasons why the volcano Doinyo Lengai is called this
16 In the fourth paragraph, the writer explains that the footprints recently discovered ___________.
A. were covered by volcanic material within days of being formed
B. were made in volcanic mud that very quickly stopped being wet
C. were left open to the skies until today
D. were preserved because of the lack of rain in the region
17. According to the article, the initial discovery of the footprints happened _________________.
A. as a result of a well-organized scientific expedition
B. by accident when a conservationist came across them
C. a couple of years before the scientific community knew anything
D. during reconstruction of a tented village
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18. In the fifth paragraph, Brett and Liutkus-Pierce _____________.
A. had known each other before the discovery
B. were colleagues on the same project
C. had a close intimacy during the research
D. were both geologists
19. How the footprints were dated _____________.
A. was difficult because of the wet nature of the mud
B. was later revised
C. reached a final decision in 2011
D. required analysis of the water carrying mud to the site
20. The site ________________.
A. may not be protected by the Tanzanian government
B. will inevitably be destroyed according to scientific evidence
C. ‘s record has been kept in case it is lost
D. has alreadly been damaged by natural elements
PART II: WRITING (6 marks)
Choose one of the following topics and write an essay (about four paragraphs, 250-350 words).
Your writing will be evaluated in terms of Content, Organization, Vocabulary, and Grammar.

Topic 1: Write an cause/effect essay to explain why many high school graduates decide to go to work
instead of going to college.

Topic 2: Write a persuasive essay to explain why overscheduling of children’s activities are harmful to
children.
THE END

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