NURSING ENGLISH TASK

FOOD AND NUTRITION

Submitted To Fulfill One Of The Requirements In Completing The Nursing English Course

Supporting lecturer :
Ns. Sofia Rhosma Dewi, S.Kep., M.Kep

Arranged by :
Agatha Rifqia Marendra Putri (2111011125)
Rijal Maulana Juan Alkautsar (2111011127)
Delita Mayasari (2111011138)
Ila Lailatul Khomariyah (2111011145)
Agil sapta Nugraha (2111011152)
Fikhih Wahyu Islamy (2111011155)
Indah Safitri (2111011161)

NURSING STUDY PROGRAM

FACULTY OF HEALTH SCIENCES
MUHAMMADIYAH UNIVERSITY JEMBER
YEAR 2023
 1. Briefly explain the types of metabolic diseases caused by food

Answer :

There are several types of metabolic diseases that can be caused by an unhealthy
diet. Following are some examples:

a. Type 2 diabetes: This disease occurs when the body cannot produce or use insulin
effectively. Consumption of foods rich in sugar and carbohydrates, irregular
exercise, and obesity can increase the risk of developing type 2 diabetes.
b. Obesity: This is not a direct metabolic disease, but obesity is often a risk factor for
other metabolic diseases such as diabetes, heart disease and high cholesterol. A diet
that is high in fat, high in sugar and low in fiber is often the main cause of obesity.
c. Heart disease: A diet that is high in saturated fat, high in cholesterol, and high in
sugar can increase your risk of heart disease. Foods that are high in saturated fats
such as fast food, processed foods, and foods high in salt can cause plaque buildup
in the arteries, which can lead to heart disease.
d. High cholesterol: A diet that is high in saturated fat and high in cholesterol can
increase blood cholesterol levels. High cholesterol can cause plaque buildup in the
arteries and increase the risk of heart attack and stroke.
e. Hypertension: Excessive amounts of sodium in processed foods and foods high in
salt can increase blood pressure. Chronic hypertension can cause artery damage and
increase the risk of heart disease.

It is important to adopt a healthy diet that is rich in vegetables, fruits, whole grains,
lean protein, and low in saturated fat, sugar, and sodium to prevent and manage food-
related metabolic diseases.

2. Explain the types of data needed in a nutritional assessment

Answer :

a. Anthropometric data are data related to measurements of the human body and body
composition. This data provides information about the body size and proportions of
individuals or groups
 b. iochemical data is data related to the measurement of chemical substances in the body
that can provide information about nutritional status and organ function.
c. Clinical sign data refers to the physical signs and symptoms observed and reported by
the patient or medical personnel. This data provides information about the clinical
manifestations of a health condition. In nutritional assessments, clinical sign data can
assist in assessing nutritional status and identifying nutrition-related health problems.
d. Dietary data involves information about individual or group eating patterns, including
the types of food and drinks consumed and their consumption patterns. Collection of
dietary data is an important step in a nutritional assessment to evaluate nutritional
intake, diet, and adherence to nutritional guidelines.

3. Explain enteral feeding and parenteral feeding

Answer :

Enteral feeding and parenteral feeding are two methods used to provide nutrition to
individuals who are unable to meet their nutritional requirements through normal food
consumption. Here is a brief explanation of both:

a. Enteral Feeding: Enteral feeding is a method of providing nutrition through the

digestive tract, namely through the food channel. Usually, this involves using a tube
that is inserted through the nose or mouth, through the esophagus, and into the
stomach or small intestine. The nutrition provided through this method can be in
the form of special food formulas that contain all the necessary nutrients, including
proteins, carbohydrates, fats, vitamins and minerals. Enteral feeding is used when
the digestive system is still functioning as it should, but the individual cannot eat or
swallow food well enough.
b. Parenteral Feeding: Parenteral feeding is a method of providing nutrition directly
into the blood circulation, beyond the digestive tract. This is done via an intravenous
infusion, where nutrients packed in a special solution are injected into a major vein.
This nutrient solution usually contains carbohydrates, proteins, fats, vitamins,
minerals, and electrolytes. Parenteral feeding is used when the digestive tract cannot
digest food or absorb nutrients effectively. Examples of situations where parenteral
feeding is necessary are individuals with intestinal obstruction, intestinal absorption
 disorders, intestinal damage, or after surgery involving the removal of part of the
digestive system.

Both of these methods must be carefully considered by a trained medical team, and
the choice of method depends on individual conditions, nutritional requirements, and
the body's ability to digest and absorb nutrients.