QUESTI

ONS:

1a)Expl
aint
hechar
act
eri
sti
csofadi
ff
icul
tpat
ient
.

b)Expl
ainhowyoucanmanagesuchapat
ient
.

2a)Whati
sal
ear
ningenvi
ronment
?

b)Expl
aint
hechal
lengesst
udent
smeetwhi
let
heyar
eforcl
ini
calpl
acement
.

c)Expl
ainhowt
hesechal
lengescanbemi
ti
gat
ed.
 2

Whoi
sapat
ient
?

Apat
ienti
ssomeonewhowasr
ecei
vedanddocument
edwi
thcur
rentcompl
aint
sofa
knowndur
ati
onandhasbeent
est
edandt
henconf
ir
medposi
ti
vewi
thadi
seasewi
th
t
heai
m ofr
ecei
vingmedi
calt
reat
mentf
rom aqual
if
iedheal
thwor
ker
.

Whoi
sadi
ff
icul
tpat
ient
?

A di
ff
icul
tpat
ienti
stheonewhoi
sver
yindi
ff
erentf
rom ot
her
sbyshowi
ngpoor
behavi
our
sphysi
cal
ly,
soci
all
y,emot
ional
ly,
andpsychol
ogi
cal
ly.

Whatar
ethechar
act
eri
sti
csofadi
ff
icul
tpat
ient
?

Theyar
edi
agnosedwi
thcompl
icat
edornewdi
seases.

Manyofourpat
ient
sinpal
li
ati
vecar
euni
tandmor
eot
herpat
ient
swi
thchr
oni
c,
advanced,r
ecur
rentorundi
agnoseddi
seasesl
ikeHI
V/AI
DS,hyper
tensi
on,di
abet
es,
cancer
,hepat
it
is,ment
aldi
sor
der
sar
ever
ydi
ff
icul
ttomanagei
nthel
ocalheal
th
cent
resandcl
ini
csduet
oli
mit
edr
esour
ces.

Theyar
ever
yaggr
essi
ve.

Theyar
eusual
lyver
yrudeand somet
imeshost
il
eand makest
heheal
thf
aci
li
ty
i
nhospi
tabl
eandwor
kingver
yhar
dforheal
thwor
ker
s.

Mostoft
hem cani
njur
eyouwhi
let
ryi
ngt
oinj
ect,
cannul
ate,dr
esst
hei
rwoundsand
soon.

Theyar
ever
ydi
sobedi
ent
.

Mostof
ten,
theydonotl
ist
ent
othewor
ker
s,t
heydenyt
hei
rdi
seases,
theydef
aul
t
t
reat
mentandevent
ual
lyendwi
thpoort
reat
mentout
comes.

Theyl
ikebl
ami
ngheal
thwor
ker
sandot
her
s.

Somet
imes,
thedoct
ormayhavemul
ti
plewor
kthatmakeshi
m orherbusyandl
ate.

Adi
ff
icul
tpat
ientcannotusual
lyacceptsuchascenar
iosi
ncehei
susedt
ogossi
ping.

2
 3

Theyar
ewel
lknownf
orvi
olenceanddest
ruct
ionofpr
oper
ti
es.

Thepubl
ici
sawar
eaboutsomepat
ient
swhoar
edest
ruct
ivet
ohouses,
proper
ti
esand
t
hemsel
ves.
Such ar
e di
ff
icul
tpat
ient
sfound i
n But
abi
ka Nat
ionalMent
alHeal
th
r
efer
ralhospi
talandsoon.

Theyar
epat
ient
-cent
eredandt
hismakest
hem t
ohavei
ntr
insi
cfocus.

Theyf
eel
andbel
ievet
hatt
heyar
ebet
terhumanbei
ngst
hanot
her
s.

Thi
smakest
hem unappr
oachabl
ewhenyouar
eassi
gnedt
omanaget
hem.

Theyf
eeldi
sgust
edwhenyouappr
oacht
hem asi
fyouhavecont
agi
ousdi
seasesl
ike
COVI
D-19.

Whenyouwantt
otal
ktot
hem,
theyar
eincoher
ent
,incompr
ehensi
blemaki
ngyou
i
nfer
ior
.

Theyar
guewi
thot
her
swi
thoutr
espect
.

Bei
ng t
alkat
ive,j
udgement
al,
oppr
essi
ve ,
opposi
ng and causi
ng conf
li
cts ar
ethe
char
act
eri
sti
csofadi
ff
icul
tpat
ient
.

Theyabusedr
ugs,
smoket
obaccoandengagei
nchr
oni
cal
cohol
ism,
henceaddi
cts.

Somepat
ient
sar
etr
igger
edt
obeaggr
essi
vebecauseofal
coholandsmoki
ngt
obacco,
opi
um andmar
ij
uana.

Someoft
hem haveexcr
uci
ati
ngpai
n.

Pat
ient
sint
hemat
erni
tywar
ds,emer
gencyuni
ts,t
heat
reandt
hosepat
ient
spl
anned
f
ormi
noroper
ati
onsandext
ract
ionshavepai
nthatmakest
hem di
ff
icul
tpat
ient
s.

Howt
omanageadi
ff
icul
tpat
ient
.

Ear
lymanagementoft
heunder
lyi
ngdi
seases.

Tr
eatt
hem ear
lyorel
ser
eferanypat
ientwi
thcompl
icat
ed,
chr
oni
cornewdi
seasest
o
speci
ali
stsi
nthehi
gherheal
thcent
res.

3
 4

Rest
rai
ntt
hem wi
thar
ope,
sedat
ivesl
ikedi
azepam.

Mostoft
hedi
ff
icul
tpat
ient
srespondbet
tert
otheant
ipsychot
icsandBenzofIas
spi
nes.Thesedr
ugsact
sdi
rect
lyont
hebr
ainandmakest
hem t
osl
eepandcal
m.

Usesecl
usi
onr
ooms

Eachaggr
essi
veandvi
olentpat
ientmustbekepti
nani
sol
ati
onuni
tsot
hatt
hedonot

i
njur
ether
estoft
hepat
ient
sandot
her
s.

I
dent
if
yther
ootcauseoft
hei
rpr
obl
em.

Fi
gur
eoutt
her
easonwhyhei
sbehavi
ngabnor
mal
ly.Ther
easonmaybeat
tr
ibut
edt
o
t
hehar
shl
ivi
ngcondi
ti
ons,
finance,
emot
ionsandsoci
etalf
act
ors.
Treathi
m asyour
s.

I
nvol
vet
hir
dpar
ti
esl
ikecounsel
lor
s,r
eli
giousl
eader
s,el
der
sandcl
anl
eader
s.

Manydi
ff
icul
tpat
ient
srespondsbet
tert
othemanagementofmul
ti
disci
pli
nar
yteam.

Nott
hatal
lpat
ient
sneeddr
ugsatal
lti
mes.St
ressed,
ment
all
ydi
stur
bedpat
ient
sal
so
needscompr
ehensi
vecounsel
ing.

Beaknowl
edgeabl
e,ski
ll
edandi
ndust
ri
ousheal
thwor
ker
.

I
nAf
ri
caandt
heent
ir
ewor
ld,pat
ient
spr
eferbei
ngmanagedbyheal
thwor
ker
sand
ot
herci
vilser
vant
swhoar
enat
ural
lygi
ft
edwi
tht
hedesi
redknowl
edgeandski
ll
s.

Ont
heot
herhand,
ver
yhar
dwor
kingst
aff
sar
ebet
tert
hant
hei
rlazycount
erpar
ts.

Devel
opar
appor
tbef
oremanagi
ngapat
ient
.

Accor
dingt
othest
andar
dcl
ini
calgui
del
ine,wel
comet
hepat
ient
,gr
eatt
hem,expl
ain
t
hepr
ocedur
etot
hepat
ientort
henextofki
n,seekf
ort
hei
rconsentbef
orest
art
ingt
he
t
reat
ment
.

Thi
sist
hebestway t
oappr
oacht
hem.Youcannonenqui
ri
eaboutt
hei
rli
kesand
di
sli
kes,
thei
rint
erest
sanddi
sint
erest
s.

4
 5

Pr
act
iceempat
hyt
othem.

Don'
tover
react wi
tht
hem.
Thebestwayt
odealwi
thanynegat
ivesi
tuat
ioni
s
t
hroughempat
hy.I
t’
sthemosthumanf
orm ofconsol
ing.

Fi
rst
,ifyouwor
kwi
thi
nahospi
talorl
argeheal
thcar
efaci
li
ty,r
ecogni
zeyour
envi
ronment
.

Second,t
hepat
ientmi
ghtbeact
ingoutbecauseoft
hei
rnewl
ylear
nedl
ongr
oad
t
orecover
y.

Empl
oygoodcommuni
cat
ionski
ll
s.
Askt
heopenendedquest
ions.Beat
tent
iveandper
fecti
nhear
ingt
hei
rpr
obl
ems.
Al
waysbeaudibl
eandverydi
rectt
othepoint
.Youcanal sousenonver
balski
ll
s
of
communicat
ionli
keappr
opr
iategest
uresandfaci
alexpressi
ons.

QUESTI
ON2

Whati
slear
ning?

"
Iti
sthepr
ocessofgai
ningnew ski
ll
s,
knowl
edgeandexper
iencet
hati
ncr
easest
he
pot
ent
ialf
ori
mpr
ovedper
for
manceandf
utur
elear
ning"
(Ambr
oseetal
,2010,
p.3)

Whati
sanenvi
ronment
?

Thi
sisapar
ticul
argeogr
aphi
calar
eawher
ewel
ive ,
andcanbeaf
fect
edby
humanact
ivi
ti
esandnat
ure.

Q
Du
ea
fl
it
i
nesof
ealeag
aroo
ni
ndlea
genr
ni
vn
i
rge
onnvi
mero
nn
tment
? :

 Mi
nimal
dist
ract
ions.
Al
ear
ningenvi
ronmenti
ssi
mpl
ythedi
ffer
entphysi
call
ocat
ions,
cont
ext
sand
 Acl
earr
out
eandgoodsetup.
cul
tur
alpl
aceswher
ewel
ear
nknowl
edge,
ski
ll
sandi
deasf
rom ot
her
s.
 Var
iousappr
oachesandf
ormat
soft
eachi
ng

 Enoughl
ightsour
ce.

5
 6

Exampl
esofl
ear
ningenvi
ronment
s.

 Communi t
iesl
ikeschools,col
leges,
i
nsti
tut
ionsanduniversi
ties.  Li
brar
ies.

 Ski
ll
slabor
ator
y.  Wor
kshops.

 Cl
assr
ooms.  Homest
udyar
eas

 War
ds.  Vi
rt
ualenvi
ronment
s

 Out
pat
ientcl
ini
cs.

Expl
aint
hechal
lengesexper
iencedbyst
udent
sdur
ingcl
ini
calpl
acement
s.

I
nef
fect
ivecommuni
cat
ion

St
udent
sencount
ersomechal
lengesi
ndeal
ingwi
thcl
ini
call
ear
ningenvi
ronmentand
i
nint
eract
ionwi
thi
nst
ruct
ors,pat
ient
s,anddepar
tmentper
sonnel
.Manyst
udent
s
st
atedt
hatt
heyhadt
hemosti
nter
act
ionswi
tht
hei
nst
ruct
orsandbel
ievedt
hatt
he
way an i
nst
ruct
ort
reat
s a st
udentaf
fect
sthei
rexposur
eto cl
ini
call
ear
ning
envi
ronment
.Inaddi
ti
ont
othei
mpr
opert
reat
mentofi
nst
ruct
orst
owar
dthest
udent
s,
somebehavi
orsofnur
sesar
eal
so oppr
essi
vet
o st
udent
s.Oneoft
hest
udent
s
descr
ibedhowi
mpr
oper
lyt
hedepar
tmentnur
set
reat
edher
.

Di
scr
imi
nat
ionamongnur
singst
udent
sfr
om ot
hermedi
calst
udent
s

Di
scr
imi
nat
ion i
s a subcat
egor
ythatmostst
udent
s had exper
ienced.Theywer
e
compl
aini
ng abouta ser
ies ofdi
scr
imi
nat
orybehavi
orst
heywer
e seei
ng att
he
bedsi
det
hati
rr
it
atedt
hem.Accor
dingt
owhatt
hest
udent
scl
aimed,t
hegr
eat
est
di
scr
imi
nat
ioni
nthecl
ini
calset
ti
ngwasappar
enti
nbehavi
orsofnur
sest
owar
ds
st
udent
s.Theseni
orssomet
imesdon’
tper
mitst
udent
sdoi
ngr
oundwi
tht
hem when
t
heyr
ecogni
zet
hem asnur
singst
udent
s

I
nadequat
eknowl
edgeandski
ll
s.

Thi
s cat
egor
yincl
udes t
hree subcat
egor
ies ofi
nadequat
e knowl
edge,def
ici
ent
pr
act
icalski
ll
s,andi
nsuf
fi
cient
lydevel
opedcommuni
cat
ionski
ll
s.Manyst
udent
sdi
d

6
 7

nothavesuf
fi
cientknowl
edget
o car
eatt
hebedsi
dewhen deal
ing wi
th cl
ini
cal
l
ear
ningenvi
ronmentandpr
ovi
dingcar
etot
hepat
ient
swaschal
lengi
ngf
ort
hem.
Cl
ini
calenvi
ronmenti
sasui
tabl
econt
extf
orl
ear
ningski
ll
sneededt
ocar
eforpat
ient
s.
However
,someoft
hem ar
econsi
der
edbasi
cheal
thcar
eski
ll
sandanydef
ici
tint
hem
af
fect
sthequal
it
yofcar
e.I
nthi
sregar
d,st
udent
shad di
ff
icul
ti
esi
n per
for
ming
pr
ocedur
esi
nsomesi
tuat
ions,
duet
othel
ackofnecessar
yski
ll
s.

Def
ici
encyi
npr
act
icalski
ll
sincar
ingf
orpat
ient
swasaconcer
nofmanyst
udent
sin
t
hecl
ini
calset
tng.Manyst
i udent
sment
ionedt
hel
ackofcommuni
cat
ionski
ll
sast
he
r
easonf
ordef
ici
encyi
ncommuni
cat
ingwi
tht
hecl
ini
call
ear
ningenvi
ronment
.Oneof
t
hest
udent
spar
ti
cipat
ingi
nthest
udysai
dthef
oll
owi
ng.

Emot
ionalr
eact
ions

Thi
scl
assi
ncl
udest
hef
oll
owi
ngt
wosubcat
egor
iesofst
ressandi
nfer
ior
it
ycompl
ex.
Manyoft
hest
udent
spar
ti
cipat
ingi
nthi
sst
udybecamedi
str
essedandover
whel
med
i
ndeal
ingwi
thnew exper
ienceswi
thi
nthecl
ini
call
ear
ningenvi
ronment
.Fr
om t
he
per
spect
iveoft
hesest
udent
s,pr
ovi
dingcar
eforpat
ient
sisst
ressf
ult
othem.Thei
r
pr
esencei
nthecl
ini
calset
ti
ngandexposur
etonewevent
scauseemot
ionalr
eact
ions
i
n st
udent
s.Such r
eact
ions have a si
gni
fi
cantef
fecton t
hei
rlear
ning pr
ocess.
I
nfer
ior
it
y compl
ex was mor
e evi
dentamong f
emal
e st
udent
sthan mal
e ones.
St
udent
sinl
owersemest
ersexper
iencedgr
eat
eri
nfer
ior
it
ythanst
udent
sinhi
gher
semest
ers.

Lackofsuppor
tandgui
dance

Awar
enessofSt
affNur
sest
owar
dsNur
singSt
udentwi
thi
ncl
ini
calset
ti
ngswhen

nur
singst
udent
sar
eexposedt
ocl
ini
cal
pract
icei
sonepar
tofbecomi
ngar
olemodel
.

Cl
ini
calset
ti
ngspr
ovi
deoppor
tuni
ti
esf
ornur
singst
udent
stopr
act
icet
hei
rcl
ini
cal

ski
l
lswhi
l
ebei
nggui
dedandsuppor
tedbywel
l-
tr
ainedandexper
iencedcl
ini
calst
aff

whoactasr
olemodel
sandi
ncr
easi
ngposi
ti
veawar
enesst
owar
dsnur
singst
udent
s.

7
 8

Nur
sing st
udent
sneedt
ohavemor
eint
eract
ionwi
th st
affnur
ses ast
heyar
ethe

oneswhoar
emostof
tenatt
hepat
ient
’sbedsi
de.Thi
sappr
oacheasest
heanxi
etyof

st
udent
sandassi
stst
hem t
oadaptt
othewar
dset
up.

I
nadequat
esuper
visi
onbywar
dSt
affNur
ses

St
affnur
sest
heybecomebusyandnotwi
ll
ingt
oshow ort
eachnur
singpr
ocedur
es

t
hatt
akel
ongt
ime.Somet
imest
heyar
eunwi
ll
ingt
oteachl
ear
ner
ssi
mpl
ysayi
ngt
hat

t
heyar
ebusy.Butonot
herhand,
inadequacyofst
aff
sandt
oomuchwor
kassi
gnedt
o

t
hem st
opt
hem f
rom super
visi
ngandt
eachi
ngl
ear
ner
s.

Li
mit
edgoodpr
act
iceori
ncompet
enceamongwar
dSt
aff
s

Nur
singormedi
calst
udent
shavebeencompl
aini
ngaboutunpr
ofessi
onalbehavi
ors

oft
hest
affnur
sesatt
hebedsi
de,suchasl
ackofcooper
ati
onandunscent
ednur
sing

car
eexpect
ati
onsf
rom t
hem.Somenur
sest
aff
snotkeepi
ngt
hepr
ocedur
alwayi
n

pr
act
icalar
ea.Forexampl
e,st
affnur
sesar
enotdoi
ngorcar
ryi
ngoutpr
ocedur
eswi
th

st
eri
li
tyt
echni
ques.

Lackofsuppor
tfr
om I
nst
ruct
ors

I
nsuf
fi
cientsuper
visi
on by cl
ini
cali
nst
ruct
ori
sthe maj
orchal
lenge commonl
y

exper
ienced by st
udentnur
ses ormedi
calst
udent
s.I
nst
ruct
ors don’
tto gi
ve

sat
isf
act
oryor
ient
ati
onf
oreachat
tachmentpr
act
icalar
eai
nent
ranceandongoi
ng

f
oll
ow-
upandt
ogai
nrecogni
ti
onbypat
ient
s.I
nst
ruct
orsneedt
omi
nimi
zest
udent
’s

f
ear
sandanxi
etydur
ingcl
ini
calpr
act
icebysuppor
ti
ngt
hem i
npr
act
icalar
ea.

Lackofassessmentofpr
act
icalat
tachment

I
tisi
mpor
tantt
oassi
gnst
udent
stospeci
fi
ctasksassoonast
heyr
epor
ttot
he

hospi
talandt
heset
asksshoul
dbeeval
uat
edatt
heendoft
heshi
ftbyapr
ecept
oror

8
 9

cl
ini
cali
nst
ruct
or.Somei
nst
ruct
orsgi
veassi
gnmenti
npaperf
orpr
act
icalat
tachment

t
hent
heydi
dnotappearf
oramont
hinpr
act
icalar
ea.I
nst
ruct
orsshoul
dfol
low up

st
udent
sdur
ingt
hei
rcl
ini
cal
placement
sonr
egul
arbasi
spr
act
icalgapst
ri
ctl
y.

I
nadequat
eexper
ienceofI
nst
ruct
orsandment
ors

Thi
sissochal
lengi
ngt
ost
udent
swhent
hest
affnur
sesdi
sagr
eebot
hst
udent
sand

t
hei
rinst
ruct
orsdur
ingper
for
mingpr
act
icalski
ll
.Lear
ner
shar
dlygetexper
ienceski
ll
s

f
rom ouri
nst
ruct
orst
heyal
sol
ear
nfr
om t
hest
affnur
ses.Forexampl
e,now day’
s

schoolowner
sempl
oynur
sesdi
rect
lyf
rom medi
calornur
singschoolt
otr
ainst
udent
s

wi
thoutcl
ini
cal
pract
iceexper
iences.

Lackofenoughequi
pmentandot
hert
rai
ningr
equi
rement
s

Mostgover
nmenthospi
tal
slack enough t
rai
ning r
equi
rement
s whi
ch become a

st
umbl
ing bl
ockdur
ing car
ryi
ng outpr
ocedur
eson war
ds.Thi
scause’
simpr
oper

pr
act
icesbyst
udent
ssi
ncer
equi
rement
sforspeci
fi
cpr
ocedur
esar
enotr
eadi
ly

avai
labl
e dur
ing pr
act
ice,f
orexampl
e,t
her
e ar
e enough t
rol
leys i
n gover
nment

hospi
tal
sanddr
umsf
orset
ti
ngupst
eri
lepr
ocedur
es.

I
nappr
opr
iat
eat
ti
tudeofst
udent
sorl
ear
ner
stowar
dscl
ini
calpr
act
ice

Mostofst
udent
stodaydon’
twantt
ogof
orcl
ini
calpr
act
ices;t
heyt
endt
ododgewar
d

wor
kbecauseofsomepr
ocedur
esont
hewar
dswhi
chseem t
obedi
rt
yli
kewound

dr
essi
ngs,
dumpdust
ingandot
hert
ir
esomepr
ocedur
es.

Sol
uti
ons(
remedi
es)t
othechal
lengesdi
scussedabove

 Ther
eshoul
dbeadequat
epr
epar
ati
onsbef
orel
ear
ner
sar
esentt
othecl
ini
cal

9
 10

pl
acementl
ikemaki
ngwar
dal
locat
ions,
coor
dinat
ingwi
tht
hecl
ini
calt
eam and

set
ti
ngofl
ear
ningobj
ect
ives.

 Ther
eshoul
dbepr
opercoor
dinat
ionandsuper
visi
onofl
ear
ner
swhi
lei
ncl
ini
cal

pr
act
icet
oenhancecl
ini
calsi
tet
eachi
ng.

 Smal
lnumber
sofst
udent
sshoul
dal
locat
edoneatt
imet
oavoi
dcl
ini
calsi
te

congest
ionofl
ear
ner
swhi
chaf
fect
scl
ini
call
ear
ningorpr
act
ice.

 Ther
e shoul
d be pr
oper communi
cat
ion bet
ween t
he l
ear
ner
s,cl
ini
cal

i
nst
ruct
ors and t
utor
s and hospi
talst
afft
o ensur
e pr
opercoor
dinat
ion of

act
ivi
ti
esdur
ingcl
ini
cal
placement
.

 War
dsst
aff
sshoul
d bemot
ivat
ed and encour
aged t
o suppor
tand ment
or

l
ear
ner
sdur
ingcl
ini
calpl
acement
snoti
nst
eadengagi
ngt
hem i
nnoncl
ini
cal

act
ivi
ti
esl
ikeshoppi
ngf
ort
hem et
c.

 Ther
eshoul
d bepr
opereval
uat
ion and assessmentofl
ear
ner
swhi
ch wi
ll

mot
ivat
ethem t
owor
khar
ddur
ingcl
ini
calpr
act
ice.

 Heal
tht
rai
ningi
nst
it
uti
onsshoul
dempl
oycl
ini
cali
nst
ruct
orswi
thexper
iencei
n

cl
ini
calski
ll
ssoast
opr
ovi
deef
fect
ivecl
ini
calt
eachi
ngast
heyar
emai
nly

at
tachedt
ocl
ini
calsi
tes.

 I
fpossi
ble,al
soheal
tht
rai
ningi
nst
it
uti
onsshoul
dsuppor
tteachi
nghospi
tal
s

wi
tht
rai
ningmat
eri
alsl
ikegl
ovesandot
hersundr
iesasi
tisr
epor
tedt
hatsome

hospi
tal
havenoenought
rai
ningmat
eri
alsespeci
all
ygover
nmenthospi
tal
s

 Hospi
talst
aff
s shoul
d be gi
ven r
efr
eshert
rai
nings (
ment
orshi
p)i
n some

10
 11

pr
ocedur
esi
nor
dert
obei
nli
newi
tht
eachi
ngsyl
labust
oavoi
dcont
radi
cti
ons

dur
ingcl
ini
calt
eachi
ngs.

 Ther
eshoul
dsel
ect
edhospi
talment
orswhoshoul
dresponsi
blef
orcl
ini
cal

super
visi
onandassessmentofl
ear
ner
sdur
ingcl
ini
calpl
acement
s.

 Al
llear
ner
sshoul
dbeassi
gnedwi
thdut
iesandsuper
visedondai
lybasi
sto

keept
hem engagedi
nor
dert
oavoi
dlear
ner
sdodgi
ngpr
act
ice.

 I
mmedi
ateori
nst
antandl
aterf
eedbackt
oshoul
dgi
vent
olear
ner
sbycl
ini
cal

ment
orsandi
nst
ruct
orst
oshow l
ear
ner
sthei
rst
rengt
handweaknesswhi
ch

hel
pst
hem t
oimpr
oveont
hei
rpr
act
ice.

 Aboveal
l,l
ear
ner
sshoul
dbegi
venaposi
ti
vel
ear
ningenvi
ronment
,ifwewant

ef
fect
ivecl
ini
cal
teachi
ngandl
ear
ningt
otakepl
ace

Ref
erences
REFERENCE

 Fr
anci
scoDrGoyaandFl
ori
anZepfTextbookofchi
ldandadol
escentment
alheal
th
(
2016)Fl
ori
daUSA(
pg236)

 M.Nabol
si(
2012)“
Theexper
ienceofJor
dani
annur
singst
udent
sint
hei
rcl
ini
cal

pr
act
i Soci
ce. alandBehavi
oralSci
ences,
vol
.46,
pp.5849–5857,
2012.Vi
ewat
:

Publ
isherSi
te|Googl
eSchol
ar

 R.Bor
zou,M.Saf
ari
,M.Khodavi
si,andB.Tor
kaman,“
Thevi
ewpoi
ntsofnur
ses
t
owar
dsappl
icabi
li
tyofnur
singcur
ri
cul
um i
nhospi
tal
saf
fi
li
atedt
oHamedan
Uni
ver
sit
yofMedi
cal
Sci
ences,
”
 I
rani
anJour
nalofMedi
calEducat
ion,vol
.8,no.2,pp.205–211,2019.Vi
ew at
:
Googl
eSchol
arV.L.Nahas(
2015)
,“Humour
:aphenomenol
ogi
calst
udywi
thi
n
t
hecont
extofcl
ini
caleducat
i ”Nur
on, seEducat
ionToday,vol 1
.18,no.81
,pp.
663–672,
2015.Vi
ewat
:(Publ
isherSi
te|Googl
eSchol
ar