Puerto Rico National Guard

Joint Forces Headquarters, G-3 Training Section

M249AR Table I

TC 3-20.40 Training and Qualification Individual Weapons

TC3-22.249 Light Machine Gun

As of 20200528

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Integrated Weapons Training Strategy (IWTS)

•The standard IWTS format of six tables describes the

training events. Each table explains the events with all
associated resources required; ranges, simulators,
simulations, ammunition, and time, as appropriate.

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 Structure

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 M249AR, TABLE I, PMI&E

•The PMI&E event is a live-fire prerequisite that Soldiers

must complete prior to executing any live-fire event for
the rifle and carbine. M249AR, Table I, PMI&E training
consists of tasks that are critical to the safety of the firer,
essential to the operation of the weapon assigned, or key
to the effective employment of the weapon system.

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 Task, Conditions & Standard

Note: Units may add topics to their Table I requirements,

as necessary.

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Preliminary Marksmanship Instruction and
Evaluation training plan

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 Table I Evaluation

• Units will develop a written test evaluating the functional

aspects of the weapon, ammunition, and critical skills
articulated in TC 3-22.249.
• Table I, PMI&E tasks within the training window T-6
though T-week for both active Army and Reserves.
• Samples of test used prior will be provided by the G-3
training section.

NOTE: T-weeks for reserved component is months.

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 TABLE II, PRELIMINARY LIVE-FIRE
SIMULATIONS
• Table II, PLFS evaluate the Soldier’s ability to engage single and
multiple stationary targets from multiple stationary supported and
unsupported firing positions, during day and limited visibility, and
during CBRN conditions in a simulated combat environment.
• Table II is a live-fire prerequisite that Soldiers complete prior to any
event using live ammunition.
• Units must use the approved primary or alternate simulations to
execute Table II tasks for record between T-6 and T-week.
• When conducting live-fire events, units must have the Soldier’s Table
II training records readily available on the range facility.

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 Task, Conditions & Standard

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 Table II, Primary and alternate authorized
systems

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 TABLE III, DRILLS
• Is a series of physical actions (drills) that a Soldier completes with their
assigned weapon and equipment in a repetitious manner to
demonstrate proficiency in weapons handling and movement. Soldiers
must complete the tasks in this table prior to any live-fire event
including grouping procedures.
•Table III is a live-fire prerequisite that Soldiers complete prior to any
event using live ammunition.
•Typically, units conduct, Table III training in a round-robin manner
where the primary trainer is the team leader, squad leader, or assigned
NCO.

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 Task, Conditions & Standard

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 TABLE III Training Plan

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 TABLE IV, BASIC
• Table IV Basic is conducted with live ammunition on an approved
range facility. Table IV is for all firers to evaluate their ability to
consistently place shot groups within a designated bullseye target at 25
meters.
• Conduct this table only after successful completion of the live-fire
prerequisite tables (Tables I, II, and III).

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 Task, Conditions & Standard

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TABLE IV, BASIC- Ammunition Breakdown

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 Zero Target

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Shot Group, Grouping and Zeroing Standards
Stage 1 and 2 of Table IV
•

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 Confirmation of distance, Application of
Hold-offs Stage 3 and 4 of Table IV

• Confirmation of distance is perform in a 300 meters target. In not a

timed event. Firer’s should achieve four of five hits to successfully
complete confirmation at distance. Firer’s that has not met the
confirmation standard are move to the retraining assigned location.

• Application of hold off is perform in 100 and 200 meters target

respectively. Firer’s should achieve 4 of 5 hits on each target to
successfully complete application of hold-offs. It’s a timed event and
its perform in 55 seconds.

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 TABLE V, PRACTICE

• Is a practice table to use in preparation for the qualification course of

fire. Table V tasks challenge firers with single and multiple stationary
targets between 50- and 300-meters, from the prone unsupported,
prone supported, kneeling supported, and standing supported firing
positions.

• This event is purposely more rigorous than the qualification event

where the targets are presented in a rapid tempo. The time to transition
between firing positions and tactical reloading are reduced during this
event.

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 Task, Conditions & Standard

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TABLE V, Practice- Ammunition Breakdown

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 TABLE V, Engagements

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 TABLE V, Engagements

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 TABLE VI, Qualification

• Qualification, demonstrate the firer’s proficiency at common

engagement and tactical skills. Table VI tasks challenge firers with
single and multiple stationary targets between 50 and 300 meters from
the prone unsupported, prone supported, kneeling supported, and
standing supported firing positions.

• In a timed scenario, the firer demonstrates target prioritization and

weapons manipulation.

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 Task, Conditions & Standard

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 TABLE VI, Qualification- Ammunition
Breakdown

NOTE: Day CBRN, Night FIRE and Night CBRN Ammunition will only be authorize if
authorized approved simulators are unavailable.

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 TABLE VI, Engagements

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 TABLE VI, Engagements

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 Ammunition identification

TC 3-22.9

6/12/2020 30
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5-56mm, M855, Ball

• Designed for use in M4, M4A1,

M16A2 and M249 Squad
Automatic. Green Tip
• Unsuitable for use in M16A1.
• Steel insert effective against
most types of fabric body armor.
• Three piece construction
achieves good effects against
unprotected personnel targets.

DODIC NAME WEAPON

M4, M4A1,
A059 Ball M855, Clipped
M16A2/A4

Ball M855 w/ M27

A062 M249 SAW
Link
4 Ball M855/ 1
A064 Trace M856 w/ M27 M249 SAW
link
M855 Ball, Clipped M4, M4A1,
AA33
(commercial Pack) M16A2/A4

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5-56mm, M855 A1, Enhanced
Performance Round (EPR), Ball
• Optimized for M4, M4A1
Carbine, Unsuitable for M16A1.
• Dramatically improved hard
Bronze Tip
target performance
• Extremely effective against all
targets sets.
• Three piece construction
achieves good effects against
unprotected personnel targets.

DODIC NAME WEAPON

Ball M855 w/ M27

AB56 M249 SAW
Link

M4, M4A1,
AB57 M855A1, Clipped
M16A2/A4
M855A1 Ball,
M4, M4A1,
AB58 Clipped (commercial
M16A2/A4
Pack)
M855A1 Ball,
M4, M4A1,
AB77 Clipped (W/O
M16A2/A4
Bandoleer)

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5.56mm, M856A1, Tracer

• Designed as a complement to Orange Tip

M855 ball for M249 SAW.
• Requires 1:7 barrel twist for
flight stability.
• Unsuitable for use in M16A1.

DODIC NAME WEAPON

M4, M4A1,
AO63 Trace M856
M16A2/A4

4 Ball M995/ 1 Trace

AO64 M249 SAW
M856 w/M27 Link

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5.56mm, Mk301, MOD 0, DIM
Tracer

• Designed for use with NVD. Violet Tip

• Produce light spectrum
invincible for naked eyes, but
visible with NVD.
• Effective range 900 M

DODIC NAME WEAPON

M4, M4A1,
AA99 Trace 10 Round Clip
M16A2/A4

4 Ball M855/ 1 Trace

AB03 M249 SAW
Mk 301 w/M27 Link

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M995, Armor Piercing
Black Tip
• Penetrates 12 mm of steel at
100 meters.
• Designed to defeat light
armored vehicles and other
barriers materials on battlefield.

DODIC NAME WEAPON

AA01 AP M995 w/ M27 link M249 SAW

4 AP M995/ 1 Trace
AA02 M229 SAW
M856 w/ M27 Link

M4, M4A1,
AA69 AP M995, Clipped
M16A2/ A4

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 M1037, Short Range Training
Ammunition
Blue Tip
• Effective Training out to 100
meters.
• Decreases Surface Danger
Zone.
• Maximum range less then 600
Meters
• Not used with M2 training bolt
• Not to used in plywood shoot
house

DODIC NAME WEAPON

SRTA M1037 w/ M27

AB66 M249 SAW
Link

SRTA M1037, M4, M4A1,

AB67
Clipped (Lead Free) M16A2/ A4

SRTA M1037 w/ M27

AC10 M249 SAW
Link (Lead Free)

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 5.56mm, M200, Blank
Rosette Tip
• Training unique round, not used
in combat.
• Used to simulate live firing in
training exercises.
• Cycles operating parts of gas-
operated weapons when used
with blank fire adaptor (BFA).
• Used by ceremonial purposes
without BFA by manually cycling
the weapon.

DODIC NAME WEAPON

M4, M4A1,
AA99 Trace 10 Round Clip
M16A2/A4

4 Ball M855/ 1 Trace

AB03 M249 SAW
Mk 301 w/M27 Link

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 Rules Of Fire Arms Safety
Weapons Safety Status
Weapon Control Status

TC 3-22.249

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 4 Basic Rules

1. Treat Every Weapon as if it is Loaded.

2. Never Point the Weapon at Anything You Do Not

Intend to Destroy. (Muzzle Awareness)

3. Keep Finger Straight and Off the Trigger Until Ready

to Fire.

4. Ensure Positive Identification of the Target and its

Surroundings

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 Weapons Safety Status

Green, “Fully Safe” – weapon’s ammunition or magazine is removed, its

chamber is empty, its bolt is locked open, and the selector is set to SAFE.

Red, “Marginally Safe” – the machine gun ammunition is loaded onto the
feed tray or that the magazine is inserted into the weapon, the bolt is
locked to the rear, and the selector is set to SAFE.

Black, “Not Safe” – signifies that the machine gun ammunition is loaded onto
the feed tray or that the magazine is inserted is locked to the rear, the selector
switch is set to fire, and the Soldier’s finger is on the trigger ready to engage.

The M249-series machine gun does not have an amber status. Units are
not authorized to place the weapon into any form of amber status.

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 Weapons Control Status

Weapon Control Status Description

Weapons Hold Engage only if engaged or ordered to engage.
Weapons Tight Engage only if target is positively identified as
enemy.
Weapons Free Engage targets not positively identified as
friendly.

A Soldier would have to violate two of the rules of firearms safety or violate a
weapon safety status in order to have a negligent discharge.

A negligent discharge occurs when a weapon is fired due to either operator

error or a lack of attention to basic safety rules.

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 Army Standard Service Rifle

•The M249 is a gas-operated, belt or magazine-fed, air-cooled, fully

automatic weapon that fires from the open-bolt position. The
M249 has a maximum rate of fire of 850 rounds per minute.
Primarily, ammunition feeds into the weapon from a 200-round
ammunition box containing a disintegrating, metallic split-link belt.
As an emergency means of feeding, the M249 can use an
M16-series rifle or an M4-series carbine magazine, but doing so
increases the chances of malfunctions. The gunner can fire the
M249 from the shoulder, with a bipod or tripod, or on a machine gun
mount.

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M249AR Major Components

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 Cycle Of Function

TC 3-22.249

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 Cycle Of Function

•Definition: is the mechanical process a weapon follows during

operation.

• In the M249AR Rifle is divided in phases.

• The M249AR use a indirect impingement gas operating system.

This system uses a portion of the high pressure gas from the
cartridge being fired to physically move the assemblies and
subassemblies in order to complete the cycle of function.

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 Phases of Cycle Of Function

1.Feeding

As the bolt starts its forward movement, the feed

lever is forced to the right causing the feed pawl
assembly to turn in the opposite direction. As
the feed lever moves to the right, it forces
the feed pawl assembly over the next round in
the belt. The feed pawl assembly is ready to
place the next round into the tray groove when
the rearward action occurs again. As the bolt
moves to the rear after firing, the feed roller
forces the feed lever to the left. The feed lever
is forced to turn moving the feed pawl to the
right. The feed pawl assembly places a round in
the tray groove.

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 Phases of Cycle Of Function

2. Chambering

As the bolt travels forward, the stripping lug

engages the rim of the round. The pressure of
the front and rear cartridge retaining pawl holds
the round so that positive contact is made with
the stripping lug of the bolt. The front cartridge
retaining pawl prevents forward movement of the
link as the round is stripped from the belt. The
stripping lug carries the round forward. The
chambering ramp causes the nose of the round
to be cammed downward into the chamber.
When the round is fully seated in the chamber,
the extractor snaps over the rim of the round and
the ejector on the rail inside the receiver is
depressed.

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 Phases of Cycle Of Function

3. Locking

The bolt enters the barrel socket as the round is

chambered. The locking lugs contact the bolt
camming surfaces inside the barrel and start
turning the bolt counterclockwise. The action of
the bolt into the slide assembly, as the piston
continues forward, turns the bolt to complete its
counterclockwise rotation. Locking is now
complete.

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 Phases of Cycle Of Function

4 Firing

After the bolt is fully forward and locked, the

piston continues to go forward, independent
of the bolt, for a short distance. The slide
assembly carries the firing pin through the face of
the bolt. The firing pin strikes the primer of the
round and the primer fires the round.

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 Phases of Cycle Of Function

5. Unlocking

After the round is fired and the bullet passes the

gas port, part of the expanding gases go into
the gas regulator. The rapidly expanding gases
enter into the gas cylinder from the gas regulator,
forcing the piston to the rear. As the piston
continues to the rear, the slide assembly, also
moving to the rear, causes the bolt to begin its
clockwise rotation. The locking lugs of the bolt
contact the bolt camming surfaces inside the
barrel. As the bolt continues toward the rear, it
completes the clockwise rotation. The rotation
and movement to the rear unlocks the bolt from
the barrel socket.

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 Phases of Cycle Of Function

6. Extracting

Extracting begins during the unlocking cycle. As

the piston and bolt move to the rear, the extractor
will pull the cartridge case from the chamber.

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 Phases of Cycle Of Function

7. Ejecting

The bolt passes the ejector as the cartridge case

is pulled from the chamber. As the bolt presents
the ejector to the bolt face, the cartridge impacts
the ejector. The extractor continues to grip the
right side of the cartridge and causes it to spin
from the weapon through the ejection port. The
are forced off the right side of the feed tray by the
next round being positioned for feeding.

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 Phases of Cycle Of Function

8. Cocking

The recoiling piston assembly retracts the

slide and firing pin, allowing the bolt to
return to the extended position after unlocking.
As long as the trigger is held to the rear, the
M249 light machine gun will continue to complete
the eight steps of functioning automatically.
When the trigger is released and the sear
engages the sear notch of the piston assembly,
the cycle of functioning is stopped and the
weapon is cocked.

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 Conduct Of Fire Commands

TC 3-20.31-4

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 Elements Of a Fire Command
Alert •Who fires?

Weapons/Ammunition •What Weapon or

ammunition will be fired?
•What target or targets description are
Target Description going to be engage?

Direction/ •What it’s the primary direction of the

Elevation target(s)?

•What it’s the approximate range to the

Range target?

Method •How will the threat be

engaged?
•What are the limitations, restrictions
Controls or authorization for the
engagement?
•When will the firing
Execution begin?

Termination

•When will the firing end?

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 Fire Command Basic Components

Terms
Types Response

Initial Sensing/
Assessment

Subsequent Modifiers

Supplemental Clarification

Also the Elements are basic components of fire

command. Movement

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 Load an 249 Machine Gun
Unload a M249 Machine gun

071-COM-4027
071-COM-4028

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 Load M249 Machine Gun

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 Unload the M249 Machine Gun

1. Move the Safety to the FIRE position.

2. Charge the M249 machine gun.
3. Place the safety in the SAFE position.
4. Remove the ammunition.
A. Squeeze the cover assembly latches and raise the feed tray cover assembly.
B. Remove the ammunition belt.
C. Check the feed pawl assembly under the feed cover.
D. Check the feed tray assembly.
E. Raise the feed tray assembly by tilting upwards.
F. Lower the feed tray.
G. Close the feed tray cover assembly by lowering it intil locks closed.
5. Move the safety to FIRE position.
6. Pull the charging handle to the rear, squeeze the trigger, and ride the bolt forward.

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 Correct Malfunctions

071-COM-4029

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 Immediate Action (POPS)

1. Pull the cocking handle to the rear.

2. Observe the ejection port to see if a cartridge case, belt link, or
round ejects.
a. If a cartridge, belt link, or round ejects, continue to the next step.
b. If nothing ejects—
i. Lock the bolt to the rear.
ii. Proceed to remedial action.
3. Push the cocking handle forward.
4. Squeeze the trigger.
a. Continue the mission, if the weapon fires.
b. Proceed to remedial action, if the weapon does not fire.

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 Remedial Action

1. Place the M249 machine gun on SAFE

2. Wait the appropriate amount of time. NOTE:
3. Correct an obstructed chamber. No wait time, if the weapon is
cold (fired less than 200 rounds
4. Correct a mechanical malfunction. in two minutes).

Five-second wait time, if the

weapon is hot (fired more than
200 rounds in two minutes) and
A weapon that has fired 200 successive you are
rounds or more is considered a “HOT” weapon in a combat environment.
and can “cook off” additional round without any
Fifteen-minute wait time, if the
action by the firer weapon is hot (fired more than
200 rounds in two minutes) and
you are in a training
environment.

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 Secure a Runaway Weapon
1. Take immediate action to secure a runaway weapon.
a. Keep the M249 machine gun oriented on the target area.
b. Cease firing by:
I. Allowing all remaining rounds in the loaded belt to fire.
II. Stopping the ammunition feed by breaking or twisting the ammunition belt.
2. Take corrective action to secure a runaway weapon.
a. If the M249 machine gun is suspected of being overheated:
I. Wait five minutes to allow the M249 machine gun to cool.
II. Load the M249 machine gun.
III. Fire the M249 machine gun.
b. If the M249 machine gun is suspected of having a mechanical malfunction:
I. Clear the M249 machine gun. IX. Engage Targets.
II. Disassemble the M249 machine gun.
III. Inspect the M249 machine gun for deficiencies.
IV. Clean dirty or corroded parts.
V. Lubricate the M249 machine gun.
VI. Assemble the M249 machine gun.
VII. Perform a function check.
VIII. Load the M249 machine gun.

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 Corrective Action on M249AR that Fires
Sluggishly
1. Clear the M249 machine gun.
2. Disassemble the M249 machine gun.
3. Inspect for dirty, corroded, missing, or broken parts.
4. Clean dirty or corroded parts.
5. Lubricate the M249 machine gun.
6. Assemble the M249 machine gun.
7. Perform a function check.
8. Load the M249 machine gun.
9. Fire the M249 machine gun.

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 Employment

6/12/2020 65
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 Shot Process Functional Elements
1. The Rifleman’s primary role is to engage the enemy with well-aimed shots.

2. Maximum Effective Range: “The greatest distance at which a Soldier may be expected to
deliver a target hit”.

3. Consistency: Based on how fast the Soldier can consistently acquire and engage the
enemy with accuracy and precision. This involves maintaining postural steadiness, establish
and maintain proper aim on target, stabilizing weapon while pressing the trigger, and
adjusting for environmental and battlefield conditions.

4. Sight Alignment: Relationship between the aiming device and firer’s eye. Firer’s focus
needs to be in the front sight post or reticle and be maintained throughout the aiming
process.

5. Sight Picture: The placement of the aligned sights on the target.

6. Trigger Control: The skillful manipulation of the trigger that causes the rifle to fire without
disturbing the aim.
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 Shot Process Functional Elements

1. Stability – the Soldier stabilizes the weapon to provide a consistent

base to fire from and maintain through the shot process until the recoil
pulse has ceased. This process includes how the Soldier holds the
weapon, uses structures or objects to provide stability, and the Soldier’s
posture on the ground during an engagement.
2. Aim – the continuous process of orienting the weapon correctly, aligning
the sights, aligning on the target, and the appropriate lead and elevation
(hold) during a target engagement.
3. Control – all the conscious actions of the Soldier before, during, and
after the shot process that the Soldier specifically is in control of. The
first of which is trigger control. This includes whether, when, and how to
engage. It incorporates the Soldier as a function of safety, as well as the
ultimate responsibility of firing the weapon.
4. Movement – the process of the Soldier moving during the engagement
process. It includes the Soldier’s ability to move laterally, forward,
diagonally, and in a retrograde manner while maintaining stabilization,
appropriate aim, and control of the weapon.

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 Stability
1. Carry Positions
a. Hang
b. Safe Hang
c. Collapsed Low Ready
d. Low Ready
e. Ready (or Ready-Up)

68

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 Stability, Cont.
1. Carry Positions

Hang Safe Hang

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 Stability
1. Carry Positions

Collapsed Low Ready Low Ready

70

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 Stability
1. Carry Positions

Ready Position 71

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 Stability, Cont.
▪ Firing Position
▪ Stability Example

72

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 Stability, Cont.
2. Firing Positions
a. Standing (Unsupported, supported)
b. Kneeling
c. Sitting
d. Prone

73

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 Stability, Cont.
a. Standing (Unsupported, supported)

Standing Unsupported Standing Supported

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 Stability, Cont.
c. Kneeling

Kneeling Unsupported Kneeling Supported

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 Stability, Cont.
d. Sitting

Sitting Cross-Ankle Sitting Cross-Leg

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 Stability, Cont.
d. Sitting, Cont.

Sitting Cross- Open Leg

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 Stability, Cont.
e. Prone

Prone Supported
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 Aim
1. The aiming process consists of the following*:
a. Weapon Orientation
b. Sight Alignment
c. Sight Picture
d. Point of Aim (POA)
e. Point of Impact (POI)

Horizontal Weapon Orientation

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 Aim, Cont.
a. Weapon Orientation

Horizontal Weapon Orientation Vertical Weapon Orientation

80

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 Aim, Cont.
▪ Sight Alignment/Sight Picture

81

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 Aim, Cont.
▪ Hold for Moving Targets

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 Aim, Cont.
▪ Wind Value

Downrange wind indicators:

0 to 3 mph: Hardly felt, but smoke drifts

3 to 5 mph: Felt lightly on the face

5 to 8 mph: Keeps leaves in constant

movement

8 to 12 mph: Raises dust and loose paper

12 to 15 mph: Causes small trees to sway

83

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Aim, Cont.

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 Aim, Cont.
▪ Immediate Holds:

WINDAGE

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 Aim, Cont.

▪ Oblique Holds:

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 Aim, Cont.
▪ Units of Angular
Measurement – MOA
(Minute Of Angle)

87

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 Control
1. The Control Element includes the following actions:
a. Trigger Control
b. Breathing Control
c. Workspace
d. Calling the shot
e. Follow-through

88

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 Control
▪ Functional Elements of Control:

SOLDIER CONTROL FUNCTIONS

Fire Control System Ballistic Computer Stabilization System
Means of Mobility

SUPPORTING SOLDIER FUNCTIONS

Work Space
Trigger Control Breath Control
Management
Calling the Shot Follow-Through

ENGAGEMENT CONSIDERATIONS
Target Target Prioritization of
Safety (SDZ) Malfunctions Sector Check
detection identification fires
Transition to Wobble Zone Supplemental
Safety (SDZ) Reloads Rate of Fire
Secondary Size Engagements
89

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 Control, Cont.

a. Trigger Control:
1. Finger placement
2. Trigger Squeeze
3. Trigger Reset

Natural finger placement

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 Control, Cont.
b. Breathing Control:
1. Goal is to reduce movement
2. Do not stop breathing!
3. Reduce wobble (arc of movement)

Arc of Movement

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 Control, Cont.
1. Training Aids, Devices, Simulators, and Simulations:
a. EST II: Supports realistic and comprehensive gated rifle
marksmanship instruction, identifies Soldiers' needs by
requiring them to satisfy gate requirements in order to
progress, and facilitates any necessary remedial training prior
to qualification.

b. Dime/Washer Exercise: The primary purpose of this exercise

is to practice trigger control; it is also used to reinforce good
body position and breath control. The Soldier must
successfully dry-fire his weapon six consecutive times
without the dime or washer falling to the ground.

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 Control, Cont.
c. Workspace:
1. Selector Lever
2. Cocking Handle
3. Cover Assembly
4. Chamber Check

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Workspace Example

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 Control, Cont.
d. Calling the Shot:
1. Detecting position of the sights when weapon discharged
2. Detecting errors such as flinching or jerking of the trigger
3. Firer calls out where he/she thinks the shot struck
4. Applying Rule #4 of the Rules of Firearm Safety: “Ensure
Positive Identification of the Target and its Surroundings”

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 Control, Cont.
e. Follow-Through:
1. Recoil Management
2. Recoil Recovery
3. Trigger/Sear Reset
4. Sight Picture Adjustment
5. Engagement Assessment

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 Target Acquisition Process
1. Target Acquisition Process:
a. Detect potential threats by scanning and searching, acquiring, and locating threats

b. Identify the threat as friend, foe, or non-combatant (target identification)

c. Prioritize the threat based on the level of danger they present (target prioritization)

2. Target Detection
1. Scan: Rapid, Slow, Horizontal, Vertical

2. Detailed Search

3. Acquire: Target acquisition is the discovery of any object in the operational environment
such as personnel, equipment, or objects of potential military significance.

4. Locate: Target location is the determination of where a target is in your operational

environment in relation to the shooter, unit, or element.

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 Target Acquisition Process
1. Target Identification

A. Friend

B. Foe

C. Noncombatants

D. Fratricide Prevention: Markings, panels (VS-17), lighting, beacons or strobes,

symbols. Warning – Illumination signals from beacons and strobes cannot be viewed
by Thermal optics!

2. Target Prioritization

1. Near before far

2. Frontal before flank

3. Stationary before moving

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 Overmatch
1. Develop the Soldier’s direct fire engagement skills through these
attributes:
a. Smart
b. Fast
c. Lethal
d. Precise
2. Components of Overmatch:
a. Target detection, acquisition, and identification
b. Engagement range
c. Limited visibility
d. Precision
e. Speed
f. Terminal performance

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 Overmatch
1. Range overmatch provides a tactical engagement buffer that
accommodates the Soldier’s time to engage with precision fires. For
example, a Soldier that has the capability to effectively engage
personnel targets at a range of 500 meters will have range overmatch
of 10 to 20 percent over a threat rifleman.

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 Maintain an M249 Machine Gun

Perform a Function check on an M249

Machine Gun

071-COM-4025
071-COM-4026

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 Maintain an M249 Machine Gun

1. Clear the Weapon.

2. Disassemble the Weapon.
3. Clean the Weapon.
4. Inspect the weapon for serviceability.
5. Lubricate the weapon.
6. Assemble the Weapon.
7. Perform Function check
8. Maintain ammunition

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 Perform a function check on an M249AR
1. Verify the M249AR machine gun is cleared.
2. Charge the weapon.
a. Grasp the cocking handle with your right hand with palm up.
b. Pull the bolt to the rear.
c. Lock the bolt to the rear.
4. Continue to hold the cocking handle to the rear.
5. Use your left hand and move the safety to the safe position.
6. Push the cocking handle forward into the lock position.
7. Pull the trigger (Weapon should not fire).
8. Grasp the cocking handle with your right hand with palm up, and pull and
hold in to the rear.
9. Move the safety the FIRE position.
10. Continue to hold the cocking handle to the rear.
11. Use your left hand to pull the trigger and ease the bolt it from slamming
into the chamber area and damaging the face of the bolt.

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 Zero an M249 Machine Gun

071-COM-4030

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 M5 Rail Adapter System (RAS)
The M5 Rail Adapter System is labeled with “Addresses” to aid the
soldier in properly mounting M16/M4 accessories

Side view of the RAS showing “R” address

markings

Top view of the RAS showing “T” address

markings

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 M5 Rail Adapter System (RAS)

Picatinny Rail Grabber

Incite Rail Grabber

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 Laser Borelight and Zero

1. Use the correct offset for the

weapon, sight and location
configured.
2. Stabilize the weapon offset.
3. Zero the bore light while inside the
barrel of the weapon.
4. Align the laser of the bore light with
the dot on the 10 meter offset.
5. Adjust the aiming laser until it
centers on the crosshair.
6. Center the optic aim point on the
crosshair. Adjust the optic until the
bore light laser aligns with the dot on
the 10 meter offset.
7. Confirm that all devices still align to
their aiming mark.

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 Minute Of Angle (MOA)

A minute of angle (MOA) is an angular unit

of measurement equal to 1/60th of a
degree. The most common use of MOA is
when describing the distance of change
required when zeroing a weapon.

One MOA equals 1.047 inches per 100

yards. For most applications, a Soldier
can round this to 1 inch at 100 yards or 1.1
inches at 100 meters to simplify their
arithmetic.

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 25 Meters Zero Target

Grouping – Successfully group by placing

four of five rounds in two consecutive
five-round shot groups within a 6 minute of
angle (MOA) circle (threshold) or 4 MOA
(objective) at 25-meters.

Zeroing – Successfully place four of five

rounds in two consecutive shot groups
within the 6 MOA circle (threshold) or 4
MOA (objective) surrounding the
appropriate point of impact on the A8 zero
target at 25-meters.

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 Grouping & Zeroing

All firers will complete grouping, zeroing, confirmation at distance, and application of hold-offs with primary aiming
device. Only firers assigned the M68 CCO are authorized the second iteration of grouping and zeroing ammunition
for their BUIS. On weapons assigned the M150, RCO, the BUIS must be removed for use to achieve the appropriate
eye relief. No training ammunition is authorized for zeroing the BUIS on weapons assigned the M150.

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 MOA Threshold

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 Adjustment Example

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 Adjustment Example

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 Table III Drills

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