2.

3 Carbohydrates and Lipids

Carbohydrates

Outline the structural organisation of carbohydrates (monomer → polymer)

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List three examples of monosaccharides, disaccharides and polysaccharides

Monosaccharides: ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………...

Disaccharides: ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………...

Polysaccharides: ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………...

List three functions for carbohydrates within cells

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Complete the following table comparing different polysaccharides of glucose

Monomer Bonding Shape Function

Cellulose

Amylose

Amylopectin

Glycogen
Lipids

Identify the main classes of lipids by completing the flow chart below

Lipids

Simple lipids Compound lipids Derived lipids

Esters of fatty acids Esters of fatty acids and other group Composed of hydrocarbon ring

List five different functions of lipids

S ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………

H ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………

I ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………

P ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………

S ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………

Compare the use of carbohydrates and lipids (triglycerides) as energy sources

Storage: …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

Osmotic Effect: ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

Digestion: ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

ATP Yield: ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

Solubility: ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

Explain why carbohydrates and lipids are used preferentially to proteins as an energy source

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Differentiate between saturated and unsaturated fatty acids

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Contrast cis and trans isomers

Cis Isomer Trans Isomer

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Identify the role of high density and low density lipoproteins

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Outline the effect of different types of fatty acids on lipoprotein levels

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Describe the health implications associated with high levels of blood cholesterol

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Discuss the evidence for (and against) health risks associated with diets rich in lipids

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Use the information included below to assess the weight of individuals according to BMI categories

Underweight Normal Weight Overweight Obese (Class I) Obese (Class II) Obese (Class III)

<18.5 18.5 – 24.9 25.0 – 29.9 30.0 – 34.9 35.0 – 39.9 >40.0

Individual 1: Height = 175 cm Weight = 65 kg

BMI: ……………………………………………………… Category: ……………………………………………………………..

Individual 2: Height = 190 cm Weight = 130 kg

BMI: ……………………………………………………… Category: ……………………………………………………………..

Individual 3: Height = 165 cm Weight = 50 kg

BMI: ……………………………………………………… Category: ……………………………………………………………..