LESSON # 1

Scattered:

spread or dispersed in an untidy or irregular way

Spiral

In mathematics, a spiral is a curve which emanates from a point,

moving farther away as it revolves around the point.

Radial
adjective [usually ADJECTIVE noun] Radial refers to the pattern that you get
when Straight lines are drawn from the center of a circle to a number of
points round the edge. The white marble floors were inlaid in a radial
pattern of brass.

Dendritic patterns
so called because of their similarity to branching organic forms, are most common where rocks
or sediments are flat-lying and preferential zones of structural weakness

LESSON #2

Fibonacci Sequence

His nickname “Fibonacci” means “Son of Bonacci”

(Fibonacci Sequence, 2016).Aside from being famous
for the Fibonacci Sequence, he also helped spread
Hindu Arabic numerals through Europe in place of
Roman numerals.

The Fibonacci number can be applied to the proportions of a rectangle, called the Golden
Rectangle

Golden Rectangle is known as one of the most visually satisfying of all geometric forms -
hence, the appearance of the golden ratio in art

The Golden rectangle is also related to the golden spiral which is created by making
adjacent squares of Fibonacci dimensi
LESSON #3

Mathematics Language and Symbols Mathematics is written in a symbolic

language that is designed to express mathematical thoughts. Because
mathematics is the same all over the world, math can act as a universal
language. A phrase or formula has the same meaning, regardless of another
language that accompanies it. In this way, math helps people learn and
communicate, even if other communication barriers exist.

Characteristics of Mathematical Language The language of mathematics

makes it easy to express the kind of thoughts that mathematicians like to
express. It is:

1. Precise - able to make very fine distinctions

2. Concise - able to say things briefly
3. Powerful - able to express complex thoughts with relative cases.|
Alternate meaning In English, a convention is also " a place where people
convene or come together". Thus, the phrase "mathematical convention" is
also used to denote a convention whose purpose is mathematical. For
instance, Mu Alpha Theta describes its yearly gathering as conventions.

A mathematical sentence combines two mathematical expressions using a

comparison operator. These expressions either use numbers, variables, or
both. The comparison operators include equal, not equal, greater than, greater
than or equal to, less than, less than or equal to.

An open sentence in math means that it uses variables, meaning that it is not
known whether or not the mathematical sentence is true or false. A closed
sentence, on the other hand, is a mathematical sentence that is known to be
either true or false.

LESSON #4

Language of Sets:

All of mathematics can be seen as the study of relations between collections

of objects by rigorous rational arguments. Often the patterns in those
collections and their relations are more important than the nature of the
objects themselves.

1. Statement form method

In this, well – defined description of the elements of the set is given and the
same are enclosed in curly brackets.
2. Roster/ Tabular Method

A roster method is defined as a way to show the list of elements, separated by

commas inside of brackets.

3. Rule method/ Set – builder method

In this, a rule, or the formula or the statement is written within the pair of
brackets so that the set is well defined. In the set builder form, all the
elements of the set, must possess a single property to become the member of
that set.

Kinds of Sets:

1. Null set or Empty set: The set which contains no element at all is called the
null set. This set is sometimes also called the empty set of the "void set". It is
denoted by the symbol Ø or {}

2. Singleton sets: A set which contains only one element is known as

Singleton set.

3. Finite set: A set is called a finite set if it is either void set or its elements can
be listed ( counted, labeled) by natural number 1, 2, 3,

4. Cardinal number of a finite set: the number of distinct elements ʼn in the

above definition is called the cardinal number or order of a finite set A and is
denoted by n(a) or O(A)

5. Infinite set: A set whose elements are unlimited and cannot be listed /
cannot be counted by the natural numbers 1,2,3

6. Universal set: A set that contains all sets in a given context is called the
universal set. The symbol for denoting a universal is U or § It should be noted
that the universal set is not unique.
7.Equivalent set: Two finite set A and B are equivalent if their cardinal numbers
are same i.e., n(A) = n(B) The symbol for denoting an equivalent set is "↔ ".

8. Equal set: Two set A and Set B are said to be equal if every element of A is
an element of B and every element of B is an element of A. symbolicallyA = B
if x Є A → x E B

9. Power set: If S is any set, then the family of all the subsets of S is called the
power set of S The power set of A is denoted by P(S). Symbolically, P(S) = {T:
T ≤ S} Obviously and S are both elements of P(S)

10. Joint sets: Two sets are said to be joint sets when they have at least one
common element

11. Disjoint sets: Two sets are said to be disjoint when they have no common
element.

LESSON #4 B
Set Operations

Set operations is a concept like fundamental operations on numbers. Sets in

math deal with a finite collection of objects, be it numbers, alphabets, or any
real-world objects.

There are four main set operations which include set union, set intersection,
set complement, and set difference. In this article, we will learn the various set
operations, notations of representing sets, how to operate on sets, and their
usage in real life
What are Set Operations?
A set is defined as a collection of objects. Each object inside a set is called an
'Element'. A set can be represented in three forms.

- Union of sets

- Intersection of sets

- Complement of a set

- Difference between sets/Relative

Complement

Basic Set Operations:

Union of Sets

For two given sets A and B, A∪B (read as A union B) is the set of distinct
elements that belong to set A and B or both. The number of elements in A ∪ B
is given by n(A∪B) = n(A) + n(B) − n(A∩B), where n(X) is the number of
elements in set X.

Intersection of Sets

For two given sets A and B, A∩B (read as A intersection B) is the set of
common elements that belong to set A and B.

Set Difference

The set operation difference between sets implies subtracting the elements
from a set which is like the concept of the difference between numbers.
Symmetric Difference
The symmetric difference between two sets is also called a disjunctive union.
The symmetric difference of two sets A and B is the set of all elements which
belong to exactly one of the two original sets.

The complement
of a set A denoted as A' or A© (read as A complement) is defined as the set of
all the elements in the given universal set(U)

Associative Law - For any three given sets A, B and C the associative property
is defined эс