TENSE

PRESENT PAST FUTURE

INDEFINITE/SIMPLE SUBJECT+V1+OBJECT SUBJECT+V2+OBJECT SUBJECT+SHALL/WILL+V1+OBJECT

EXAMPLE: I WRITE AN EXAMPLE: I WROTE AN EXAMPLE: I SHALL WRITE AN
EMAIL EVERYDAY. EMAIL YESTERDAY. EMAIL TOMORROW.

CONTINUOUS SUBJECT+AM/IS/ARE+V1SUBJECT+WAS/WERE+V1 SUBJECT+SHALL BE/WILL

+ING+OBJECT +ING+OBJECT BE+V1+ING+OBJECT
EXAMPLE: I AM WRITINGEXAMPLE: I WAS WRITING EXAMPLE: I SHALL BE WRITING AN
AN EMAIL NOW. AN EMAIL YESTERDAY. EMAIL TOMORROW.

ya
PERFECT SUBJECT+HAVE/HAS+V3 SUBJECT+HAD+V3+OBJE SUBJECT+WILL/SHALL+HAVE+V3+O
+OBJECT CT BJECT
EXAMPLE: I HAVE EXAMPLE: I HAD EXAMPLE: I WILL HAVE WRITTEN AN
WRITTEN AN EMAIL WRITTEN AN EMAIL EMAIL TOMORROW BY 5 PM.
ALREADY. BEFORE.
PERFECT CONTINUOUS SUBJECT+HAVE/HAS+BESUBJECT+HAD+BEEN+V1 SUBJECT+SHALL/WILL+HAVE
av EN+V1+ING+FOR/SINCE+ +ING+FOR/SINCE+OBJEC BEEN+V1+ING+FOR/SINCE+OBJECT
OBJECT T
EXAMPLE: I HAVE BEEN EXAMPLE: I HAD BEEN
EXAMPLE: I WILL HAVE BEEN
WRITING EMAILS FOR ONE HOUR
WRITING EMAILS FOR WRITING EMAILS FOR TOMORROW BY 5 PM.
ONE HOUR. ONE HOUR.
al
ek

SIMPLE PRESENT /PRESENT INDEFINITE

SUBJECT+V1+OBJECT
 1. UNIVERSAL TRUTH: THE SUN RISES IN THE EAST.
2. FACT/ROUTINE ACTION: I WAKE UP EVERYDAY AT 6 AM.
3. PROVERBS: A STITCH IN TIME SAVES LIVES.
4. PLANNED EVENT IN FUTURE: PRIME MINISTER COMES ON MONDAY EVERY WEEK.
5. NEWS PAPER HEADLINE: BUILDING CATCHES FIRE,29 DEAD.
6. COMMENTRY: VIRAT SCORES THREE CENTURIES
BACK-TO-BACK.

POINT TO BE NOTED
Whenever we get a third person singular number as the subject in a sentence which is in simple present

ya
tense we have to add ‘s’ or ‘es’ to the verb appearing after the subject.
Example:1. Ram writes a letter every day. 2. He goes to school every morning. 3. She paints excellently.
FORMING DIFFERENT SENTENCES IN PRESENT INDEFINITE TENSE
ASSERTIVE NEGATIVE SENTENCES INTERROGATIVE SENTENCES
SENTENCES/POSITIVE
SENTENCES
RAM IS A VERY GOOD BOY. RAM IS NOT A VERY GOOD IS RAM A GOOD BOY?
av HE GOES TO SCHOOL.HE DOES NOT GO TO SCHOOL.
BOY.
DOES HE GO TO SCHOOL?

I EAT RICE. I DO NOT EAT RICE. DO I EAT RICE?

{THIS SENTENCE CAN ALSO BE
WRITTEN AS: I DO EAT RICE}
al
SHE WRITES A LETTER TO THE SHE DOES NOT WRITE ADOES SHE WRITE A LETTER TO
PM EVERY WEEK. LETTER TO THE PM EVERY THE PM EVERY WEEK?
WEEK.
WE LOVE OUR COUNTRY. WE DO NOT LOVE OUR DO WE LOVE OUR COUNTRY?
COUNTRY.
ek

PRESENT CONTINUOUS TENSE

SUBJECT+AM/IS/ARE+V1+ING+OBJECT
Whenever we have to describe some work or action which is going on continuously in the present, we
have to use present continuous tense. We have to add an ‘Ing‘ to the present form of the verb. A be verb
according to the subject must be placed before the v1+ing.

PRESENT
1.
I AM
2.
WE ARE
3.
YOU ARE
4.
HE IS

ya
5.
SHE IS
6.
THEY
ARE
av
Example:
1. Ram is riding a by cycle.
2. A new movie is running in the local movie theater.
Forming different sentences in present continuous tense
Assertive sentences or positive Negative sentences Interrogative sentences
al
sentences

Ram is going to school. Ram is not going to school. Is ram going to school?

We are playing football. We are not playing football. Are we playing football?
ek

They are going to school. They are not going to school. Are they not going to school?

Now continuous tense has some exceptions. There are some special types of verbs for which continuous
tense is not valid. These verbs are called static verbs.
Now we are going to catalog them.
1. Verbs of perception: see, hear, smell, notice, recognise
2. Verbs of appearance: appear, look, see
3. Verbs of emotion: feel,live,love,wish,desire,hate,hope,refuse,prefer.
4. Verbs of thought:
think,suppose,agree,consider,trust,remember,agree,consider,trust,remember,forget,know,
understand,mean,mind,believe.
 5. Verbs of possession: own,possess,contain,consist,belong,to have.
However if the meaning of the word changes then sometimes these verbs can be used in
continuous tense.
Example :
1. Students are having lunch.
2. I am thinking about going to kolkata
3. She is looking for a job.
4. On seeing it, he started laughing .
5. The police are looking into the matter.
6. I am feeling much better now.

ya
Now some error corrections

Incorrect: we are seeing with our eyes.

correct : we see with our eyes.

Incorrect: The water is feeling cold.

av Correct: The water feels cold.

Present perfect

SUBJECT+HAVE/HAS+V3+OBJECT
al
When work is completed in the past but its impact is in the present then its called present perfect tense.
In present perfect tense no time of past can be used. It is a very common mistake.
Example:
I Have completed the work a second ago.
ek

Here the sentence is wrong. Because in present perfect tense we can not use time from the past.
Now has can be used when the subject is singular and have can be used when the subject is plural.
example: I have, you have,she has,they have
EXAMPLE:

ASSERTIVE SENTENCE NEGETIVE SENTENCE INTERROGATIVE

SENTENCE

I HAVE COMPLETED MY I HAVE NOT COMPLETED HAVE I COMPLETED MY

WORK MY WORK WORK ?

SHE HAS DONE IT SHE HAS NOT DONE IT HAS SHE DONE IT ?

HE HAS HAD A CAR HE HAS NOT HAD A CAR HAS HE HAD A CAR ?
 I HAVE EATEN MY I HAVE NOT EATEN MY HAVE I EATEN MY
BREAKFAST BREAKFAST BREAKFAST ?

THEY HAVE HAD THEIR THEY HAVE NOT HAD HAVE THEY HAD THEIR
BOOK JUST NOW THEIR BOOK JUST NOW BREAKFAST ?

POINT TO BE NOTED:
1.WE MUST NOT USE ADVERBS OF PAST TIME. LIKE yesterday,last year,last
month,ago,short while etc. with present perfect tense.
EXAMPLES:
INCORRECT : HE HAS COMPLETED HIS WORK YESTERDAY
CORRECT: HE COMPLETED HIS BOOK YESTERDAY
INCORRECT: WE HAVE THREE DAYS AGO.

ya
CORRECT: WE MET THREE DAYS AGO.

PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS

SUBJECT+HAVE/HAS+BEEN+V1+ING+FOR/SINCE+OBJECT
av
Perfect means some work is completed……continuous means the work is going on right now.

ASSERTIVE SENTENCE NEGATIVE SENTENCE INTERROGATIVE SENTENCE

al
I HAVE BEEN TEACHING I HAVE NOT BEEN TEACHING HAVE I BEEN TEACHING
LANGUAGE FOR 5 YEARS LANGUAGE FOR FIVE YEARS. LANGUAGE FOR FIVE YEARS
?

SHE HAS BEEN WRITING A SHE HAS NOT BEEN WRITING HAS SHE BEEN WRITING A
LETTER A LETTER. LETTER?
ek

THEY HAVE BEEN PLAYING THEY HAVE NOT BEEN HAVE THEY BEEN PLAYING
FOOTBALL FOR 3 HOURS. PLAYING FOOTBALL FOR 3 FOOTBALL FOR THREE
HOURS. HOURS?

IT HAS BEEN RAINING SINCE IT HAS NOT BEEN RAINING HAS IT BEEN RAINING SINCE
MONDAY SINCE MONDAY. MONDAY ?

HE HAS BEEN SLEEPING FOR HE HAS NOT BEEN SLEEPING HAS HE BEEN SLEEPING FOR
TWO YEARS. FOR TWO YEARS. TWO YEARS ?
FOR WHEN DURATION OF TIME IS GIVEN SINCE WHEN POINT OF TIME IS GIVEN

THREE DAYS 2008

TWO MONTHS MONDAY
FOUR YEARS 4 PM
FIVE DECADES APRIL
SIX CENTURIES 2016

PRESENT TENSE ALL IN ONE TABLE

TENSE FIRST SECOND THIRD

PERSON PERSON PERSON

ya
PRESENT INDEFINITE
I DANCE YOU DANCE
HE/SHE/IT DANCES
WE DANCE YOU DANCE
av THEY DANCE

PRESENT
CONTINUOUS
YOU ARE DANCING
I AM DANCING HE IS DANCING
YOU ARE DANCING
WE ARE DANCING THEY ARE
DANCING
al
PRESENT PERFECT

I HAVE DANCED YOU HAVE HE HAS DANCED

DANCED
ek

WE HAVE DANCED THEY HAVE

YOU HAVE DANCED
DANCED

PRESENT PERFECT
CONTINUOUS
I HAVE BEEN YOU HAVE BEEN HE HAS BEEN
DANCING DANCING DANCING

WE HAVE BEEN YOU HAVE BEEN THEY HAVE BEEN

DANCING DANCING DANCING
SIMPLE PAST OR PAST INDEFINITE

SUBJECT+V2+OBJECT
It is used to denote something that has already happened in the past.
Example:
1. My heart shattered yesterday.
2. My heart broke into pieces yesterday.
3. I went to school yesterday.
4. I started working one year ago.

ya
5. Ram drove a car on the road.

ASSERTIVE SENTENCE NEGETIVE SENTENCE INTERROGATIVE

SENTENCE
av
MY HEART SHATTERED
YESTERDAY
MY HEART DID NOT
SHATTER YESTERDAY
DID MY HEART SHATTER
YESTERDAY ?

MY HEART BROKE INTO MY HEART DID NOT DID MY HEART BREAK

PIECES. BREAK INTO PIECES. INTO PIECES ?

I WENT TO SCHOOL I DID NOT GO TO SCHOOL DID I GO TO SCHOOL

al
YESTERDAY YESTERDAY. YESTERDAY ?

I STARTED WORKING ONE I DID NOT START DID I START WORKING

YEAR AGO WORKING ONE YEAR AGO ONE YEAR AGO ?
.
ek