A 5) /ARITHMETIC PROPERTIES EXPONENTPROPERTIES | | PROPERTIES OFINEQUALITIES: ASSOCIATIVE abe) = (ab)e aa" sam Ka Othen ae < beand a/e < b/e pistrisutive (b+) = ab tac (es Wa < bande beand a/e > b/e (ab)" = a*b" ———— = ‘ARITHMETIC OPERATIONS EXAMPLES: | PROPERTIES OFCOMPLEX NUMBERS ab +ae = a(b +6) oar oo b\_ab o(2)=2 &. a 020 (§)_« ot (a+ b0 + (e+) = ate+(d+ di “¢ be Pc i (a+b) (e+ ad) = a—c+(0- dt ee (a+ b0(c #di) = ac bd + (ad +b0t 3) "> eatasd . (2) 3 (a+ b0(e— bi) =a? +8? o£ etree $y -$ eta = ere ood bd eH ea-m aa mae FBO +d9 = la + bil? ‘QUADRATIC EQUATION FARM ceed 1 (@-b) _ a-w Forthe equation ~b+ Vitec am=(om) =@m GFR) GF e-o) aT rete axt+bx+e=0 2a ee ————— |[COMMON FACTORING EXAMPLES” | | ABSOLUTE VALUE RADICAUPROPERTIES)||| [LOGARITHM PROPERTIES) 2 — a? (x 40)(x—a) jai = {% 20 hE C trons ity = logyx then BY = x ero -aifa<0 Varan ie logy =O sto 2ae4 ate (ea)! lal = |=al “weave = PHCe+eeter=(erayizee) [12° Vab = VeVi toes = HE Pedextetetetate(x+e)® — iabl salle) f-8 Jogs (x") = rlog, x x? ta? =(x+a)(x?- arta) =a Fe logs (xy) = logs x + logs y 3 —@? =(x—a)(x? + ax +07) peceun eee (2) =tore— _ are Ja+ 1 sla +16) Var =lalitniseven — 8 (5)=loRex— omy ye" — ge a(x" a")(x" +0") PROPERTIESRIGONOMET sin? 6 +cos?6 = 1 tan? @+ 1=sec?@ i cot?@ +1 =csc76 sin(—6) = sin(26) = 2sin @cos@ cos(—8) = cosé cos(28) = cos*@—sin? 8 tan(—6) = —tané =2cos?6-1 =1-2sin?@ cot(—6) =- 1 | aes anp=20n(2!F aot sina ~ sing = 2eas (=) sin(=*) | Heat) sina sin f = 5feos(a — 8) — cos(a + 6)1 cos cos f = ${o0s(a—A) + cox(a + A) sina eas B = 3 [sin(a +) + sin(e — A} cosa + cos f = 2 cos = Floince +B) —sin(a-8)] cosasing cosa cos | sin(at f) = sinacosé + cosa sing cos(a t f) = cosacosf F sinasinB tana ttanp tan(a +f) -T¥Ftanatanp sin(@ + 2mm) =sind cos(@ + 2xn) = cos@ tan(6 + an) = tan cs(6 + 2m) = cso sec(@ + 2am) = sec8 cot(9 +n) = cote J a= b+c2— 2becosa | B= aP+e?— 2aceosph c= a? +d" - 2abcosy == > ean fhe +p)] e-¢_tafpe-n] 7°" en +0] e-e_tnf@-n] ae afer] e]$0) =e = pg LO [Basicenopernies | (¢@) =d¢@) (1) 5) =1@)29°@) é gore (70.900) = feye®) + fey = Fale) - fa") Glee be a | ign mot age am 3 Er) = row)eo | Bi=x-12 | 1 &+ D-4) wt ieae saad é qltinx) = cose Ecorx) = -2inr as ect e Sores) = secxtan é aon = -csereotx f gacaye meee Bets) = ene meee oy Hl: €o 45 2 aoe a 1 (en aS Boas Zee itis | é 4 a (a) y z= 2-5 Eu) reece (ET tnlrca) 9), ) soem Se swne | ‘Thane properties require thatthe lnmit of f(x) and g (x) exist é | SalfCO)= «tered | Filed) ==> 0 Maal fCe) + 9G] = im fe) + lim g(x) @ 1 i y/@ the Fale = = a | Mml/G) 9) ) = tim (Gx) tim go) BOLO =a inf ina if ttmgG) #0 = wm F927 mic sain = Berto" | Lenten = peeosift01 Zeeoatpcon = -r eal) EtmnlfGon = f see*tf601 Foee(fGID = f aeelGdHenl 760]TRIGONOM Da NL -issnos1 -1scosé <1 © Stan@ seo csc @ > Landesc@ < —1 sec@ > Land sec® <—1 20 S cote so sin*x warcinx = Asinx cos“* x = arceos x = Acosx tan-*x = arctanx = Atanr sin xi-1sxs1 wostx:-isrst tantx:-esxs@ sin@, @ can be any angle cos@, 8 canbe any angle tané, oe (n+3) RnB OEE? ee8, Benn, n= 0.4142... seed, 02(n+3) x na0.t1d2... cote, Oenm, 2 =0,41,42,.. 2e sin(oo) + 7 == 2 escles8) + T == a sec(od) + T == x cone) + T=SHAPESAND S | SQUARE | RECTANGLE Pads = P=2at 2 P=2nr A=s? A=ab Azar | [EIRENE ee) | [[ORCOLAR SECTOR’ (Paatbte P=20+2b 1 la=Jon 4] A= bh ef == PYTHAGOREAN THEOREM | (CIRCULAR RING SPHERE o+bec? A=n(R?—r?) calare? g la — b TRAPEZOID, | RECTANGULAR BOX RIGHT CIRCULAR CONE Paatbtctd @ A = 2ab + 2ac+ 2be A= mt¢nrs V =abe anntt? d © |, [zee wales a v= garth s b | CUBE = | [CyLINOER = A=6e A= 2ar(r +h) vep LT Venrh TT) FRUSTUM OFA CONE Ve Lahie! er +R)[ DEFINITE INTEGRAL DEFINTION [ "dee ge ¥ pee be where dx = “and x, = 0 + kx . : : feamesc [100 satdae~ [roders [ atdae [ “p6ddx = Oana [fre ain i ‘ses I "yodae+ f “yodds = [i “yeas frecomec sects de mtanx+ i att Joanie +Cne-1 a [eves [leciiec — focrotrdr=-certe mntficeaicaea r=? Jaceeeredieertaiec fects dr=-eotrte [TONPOPAT | fic ar=rmy—xec | fume ax =tniecsl + [lertoar ef reaee nasi | Jeux drasinx+c [sax dr=-cosxtc [rcrmsssemeste | area (Z)+e [aero S)+c Leftthandand right-hand rectangle approximations | | B7REBON a a | “| headfod mead sed || eae | Midpoint Rule at — : tres _ managed a = dr=asecOtan6d8) =atand | state ‘Trapezoid Pule cae + | x=al 26 B= Flees reds ead+-t fad) || VF | i wemets | ermars aie | | | | ie ] =m a Sq =F Se) + AP eg) + 2F aD) ++ 24 Eure) +46 Eu ad+ ME) f Hos) o/G)ax = fo udu ‘linia a iil ii:SLT) [fries pe 9 resoae [rsrotete where tr = 8 ad ey we bide 1 . ate: [vere Spettenet [ secrtanx ar =seex+¢ Ee [rvse[fareire —— fowxces dr=-ecrse [radar =1rc0tt = #0) - Fe) a ie hare fa continuous on jauklond F=f [apy es Fina sarec foo dx =-otr+¢ i] [isco a= sinc) -24¢ fn dx = inlsecx] +C ; i eraraerse [secx dr etolsece +tansi + [rw satiere [reders [gies ‘ ‘ . ca . [ots ar =sins +0 sig treturt(2)+¢ [resend [rea - [rede ‘i t aii [[rovees [pear fran [inn dr = -cosx te [eee a(a)ee =i Luefehendand righthand rectangle epproximavons —«PRGLEONSURETIVTION CIPREIHONERUATON DENTURE tI f. x=asing beard fix) By = votre L-sin? @ “2 raQsco a= dx=acoede@ == ac0s8 scot sania 1 “ss ance ] ] 2 43 _ VF mere! = weet os ode 7 WO gxsamcttunedé = ound tants Trapezoid Rule ~ a 4 1 x xeaun \alectmTs 9 i ttante T= [lly + 24 e,)# 27+ + May) Teel | amctoas vere a. o [ reoeenas = eats) - f rceietnerTRIGONOMETRY maa Le) ‘opposite ‘Aypotenuse wisaing st sin = oes hypotenuse ‘opposite ~1scos@s1 adjacent hypotenuse oo Stans < cor = seco = Tapes eet exc 3 Landcecd <—1 opposite sec8 2 Land sec@ S$ -1 tané = one = “soon = 2 < cot Se [UNIT CIRCLE DEFINITION —TRIGFUNCTIONSDOMAIN, sind = y sind, @ canbe anyangie ee cor8, 9 can beany angie tana == tmeg2(n+5) = n=0g132. wont c8, Bene n=Od122— 1 (neg) measier. secd =? n=O+142. cod =~ a sin(wi) — T= cos(w@) = T=— tanlwa) = T= = acini Te cxc(us) + T= INVERSE TRIG FUNCTION NOTATION | INVERSE TRIG DOMAIN o sin = aresiny = Asin x ain x:-texst sect oo cosy Sarmeoss = Acar ostyr-texet tan‘ = artany = Atanr tant r:-m sxse contwe) + T= = Oscars® Fc uatsst Bett sctundef -2/V3 2 v3 —V3/2 3 —1/ 3 1/2 3m f2 $7/3 v2 | -1 [= [v2 | -v2 | | Ix/4_| -V2/2 3 =a V3/2matheity ors) Important Derivates & Integral: ‘CALCULUS AND ANALYTIC GeOWETIY, MATHEMATICS 12 Merging man and mat eche=0 where cis constant Seay = plore) Eee cos tan ae-se6 od sch =—sech:rtanh s oLeschy =-esxh.xeothy «A secir'y = I a -1 oR Coch ‘eer © fsce stan xde=see.v « Jeseweotxde: o ftanrcte=In|secx| footxde=In| in. fscexex=Infsecx+ tnx] # fosexde=infosex: Spore vee | Made by: Atiq ur Rehman (mathcity@gmail.com) http://www. matheity org‘Trigonometry Formula Guide Reference Angles: Quadrant 1: None ifo< @<90 Otherwise: ‘Area of a Circular Sector: 5-70 where 8 must be in radians Triangle Definitions: cafe y where sine = = Coterminal Angles: 9 3600 @ +3600 Osten sca y ese 5 seco = tong - 2 core ~~ ” y Low of Sines: SSA, AAS, ASA oe tind sine ana ASA Sitvation of Law of Sines f= bsina Tf Ais ocute ond ah, no triangle exists. Tf Ais ocute ond a = h, one right triangle exists, Tf Ais ocute ond a>, one triangle exists. sin20 ~ 2einacoso Tf Ais ocute ond h« ab, two ti exist ‘Area of Triangles (Heron's Formula}: SSS A~ (ele aya 6Ne 6) where # = Hab +e) Reciprocal Identities: Quotient Identities: sing - 1 ‘tena ra. S084 88 sind A cosa-—1— seca —b- sind - cos Atana seca cosa rond=—1— cord - 0s A= sindcot a wera A Double Angle Formulas: Half Angle Formas: 20 = cos’ o- sin" 0 sin POSES £0820 = cos’ 0 si 5 Ess =2cos'@-1 aL 2sin'o fee 2 tan 20 = ten freee cose tan Conversions: ‘Are Length: Rode #10 where o DRE 00 ‘Area of a Circular Segment: Ao teo-Lebsind Tf Ais obtuse ond os 6 ,no triangle exists. Tf Ais obtuse anda >b, one triangle exists, Pythagorean Identities: Avcostast tent a st=sec! ¢ Ls eot A = ese ABASIC ALGEBRA FORMULAS (rev 3/5/2010) yeax'tbxte Deb’ -dac yea(x-hy +k vertex (hk) b y~—D_dacmb? 2a 4a da aby wD by & ac rene oy Peers Xe" 3e "Dial Da Dal tal 2lal D =0:dual 0; D > Operfsq: 2 rational 0's (factorabt): D > Onot perf sq: irrat O's: D <0:2.cmplxconjugatc0's f00= a,x" Fax"! seeesaxeay: a, real | FOV= ax" ba, x"! +eee+ ax ayia, real nod: numberof y -intercepts: 1 even :number of y -intercepts : 1 numberof x-intercepts: I-n number of x- intercepts ; 0-n sumberof extrema: 0-(a-1) (even #) number of extrema: 1-(n-1) (odd #) a,>0: as x-»—0 y——w a,>0: as x» yoo as xD yn as x9 y—>a0 a, <0: as xv y-ro a,<0: as x= youn as x0 yonw as x0 y>—» P(x) a,x" +a, Sern AERO) = OO)” baat ebeaa™ Feeer bath, x= (€,)) Pox) __a,(x-(c,))oee(x-(c.)) nis degree. power.orderof polynomial eR 4, is normally real (or rational) assumeall coeff.a,.b, are real & factoredformis reduced a is constantsif real, is y-intercept (0,a,) y-imerceptis (0,a,/b,) a, is kading coeff. also.a,/a, =(-1)"c¢, e¢¢e, | x-interceptis)are (c,.0) if the c, is real ¢, canbecomplex ¢, = (a +bi) VA (verticalasymptotes))are x=d, if the d, is real ¢, is roat,zero,solution of f(x) =0 if n> m.noHA (horizontal asymptote) (x-(€,))is factorof f(x) if n= mHA bs y=a,/b,5 if a none" =na' k>O a>t ane kelna | m=me"=ma’ k<0 O SsecxSrmn5x INNER FUNCT? Sx Dea: 5 = Jag—3 = (4x— 3)" =» Lea 3y"* 2 BQ y= J4x-3 = (42-3) i ay" a4 as] a3 BQ ys" ‘Ourer: Dense |=* y' =(e" cos6\(-sin@) INNER: cos Dea: —sine EX4 oy =sin(an4x) O: sing COS Ol: tnx Den: secix =P oos(tan4x)e seo" x(4r)e4 I 4x Den: 4 ya(Gx’ —Sxt)* 0; a" > 18(3x’ = Sx-+1)" ©(6x—5) Ins A -3a41Po fepe i. ara Iz eee eee eee sin(A*B) = sinAcosB + cosA sinB = sinAcosB - cosA sinB = cosAcosB + sinA sinB ‘a tanA + tanB ee tartA-B) = 1+ tanAtanB +B) cot cotB - 1 one cotA + cotB cota cot +1 sottA-B) cotB - cot, sin2A = (a) 2sinAcosA eA © Tara cos2A = (a) comA = sin’A {bp 1-2sintA (©) 2cosA = 1 () 4 1+ tan'A wanda “To tan'A sin3A = 3ainA - dain? A cos3A = dcos°A - cos. sin(A-B) cos(A+B) = cosAcosB - sinA sinB cos(A-B) SRRSR RP SEREBSESSR FE BS Stan - tan’A tant aA sin(-A) =~ ain cou-A)= conA sintA + cosA= 1 De tantA = eeA 1 # coPA = cosetA, 1 -cos2A = 2sin'A 1+ cosZA = 2cos7A. 1-sin2A = (cosA.- sinAP 14 sin2A ~ (cosA + sinAy + tanA = Pen a L-tanA z Tetana G4) sintA « sin?B = nin(A+B) sin(A -B) costA - nin®B = coa{A+B) cost A -B) costA « cos*B = -sin(A+B) sin(A -B) 2rinAcoall = sin(A+B) + sin(A -B) 2cosAsinB = sin(A+B) - sin(A -B) ZcosAcosB = cos(A+B) + cos(A -B) 2sinAsinB = cos(A-B) - co +B) sms at ft) oma «af aft) samen) se convent sft it)2 7 3 axa=aa=a = (§) axaxa=aaa=a° = 2 =/(1Pe yg axb=ab 3 (3) a a?b? = (ab)? aigagiPaa (2’)’ = gg? _ (2*) inf d'+a =a? =a a’ +b =(a+5)(a?—ab + 5”) a’ =1 a’ — b> =(a—b)(a’ +. ab + 8”) a’ —b?=(at+b)(a—b) (a+b)? =a’ +3a7b+3ab? + 6° (a+ by =a? +2ab+b? (a—b) =a —3a°b+3ab?-b° (a—bY =a’ —2ab+b"Math Formulas: Conic Sections The Parabola Formulas ‘The standard formula of « parabola 1 Pe dpr Parametric equations of the parabola: = 2p? 2 y= apt ‘Tongest tine ino point (sa, yo) of a parabola y? = pe bs: 3 y= ple +0) ‘Tangent tine with a given slope mm: 4 v= mete ‘Tangent lines from a given point, ‘Take a Bxed point P(zo, vo). The equations of the tangent. Hines nre: > w= im (z~ za) U> w= tta(z— ta) 6 my = WAVE oe ro my = DVT re The Ellipse Formulas ‘The set of all points in the planc, the sum of whote distances from two fixed points, called the fock, btm constant, ‘The standard formula of a allipse: 6 g+he1 Parametric equations of the allipse: : ns ‘Tangent line in m polut D(zy,pp) of elfpec: 8 ‘Eecontriety of the ellipse: o Foci of the ellipse:wore anathportaLorg Math Formulas: Circle Equation of a circle In an x — y coordinate system, the circle with center (a, 6) and radlius r is the set of all points (x,y) such hat: 1 (2-0) + y- oP = Cirele cantered at the origins 2 f4paF ‘Parametric equations: reatromt 3 yabtesat ‘where ¢ is a pnrametcic variable, In polar coordinates the equation of a ctrelo la: 4 17 - done ry con - 9) +13 = 0? Area of a circle 5B Are Circumference of a circle 6 Cand=d-rr Theorems: {Chord theoreint) The chord theorem states thal if two chords, C1D and EF, inteniect at G, then: 7 CD-DG = EG. FG (Tangent-socant theorem) Hf tangent froin an external point D meets the circle at Caml a yecant from the exterant poist D meets the eiveke at G andl £ respeetively, then 8 OC? = DG-DE {Secant - secant theorem) If two secants, DG and DE, abso cut the circle at H and F respectively. thom ® DH-DG = DE-DE (Tangent chord property) The angle between 4 tangent and ehord is equal to the subtended angle ox he opposite side of the chord.Formulas for Conic Sections +*Parabolas *Ellipses and Circles *Hyperbolas a Section ‘to Magor Axia pe et et 1 The tobi ad recteices the ehipae (2) «P= t teppei (xi) ~ yb?) = 4 = YF * De} * By) #F «Owners baritone Eoateenet — ie wavcaeeen eee ee onli: 37- tipo er saeccas) bomeetos ne 1 cos empsect ucts 8 =Ben 26. (C-A mm E+ Ome-fose (2) ~ 4AG -0 => Parebole CrAse-Bangene.Coe Fak (parabata, etpee, = F ts the focus of apavabols. F1 and F2 avv the lode! an stpeee hepato ~ Bor 01 aed (2) ia the poirs oe ie crectls reaveat to por P - PF 6 PY aed PZ) a Die citance bebwnes ary pol CA (he cures and ha torus = PO (or POY and PO2} w the ciatance between te ary peat ‘on Phe curve and Phe closeat point 0) on the Ovectete AME 12-15-2008sinhz e*—e* sinha = }{e* — e-*). tanh oon = ee _ = _ 1 _e+e* cosha = $(e" + 7). cothz = ae a . 1 cosh*g — sinh?z = 1. cosh?z = i teak’ cosh (« + y) = cosh coshy + sinh sinhy. sinh (z + y) = sinha coshy + coshz sinhy. cosh?a = 4(cosh2z + 1). sinh*z = }(cosh 22 — 1). ar sinhz = log{ + +/(2? + 1)}. ar cosha = log{z + V/(2* —=i)} (z= 1). ar tanha = blog += (|| <1). ar eoths = j log 2T 5 (|| > 1). t—RIGONOMET AWS AND IDENTITIE 0-8 aces meas sin? @ + ens?8 = 1 sin(8 + 2nn) = sin 8 dai wees tan? 0+ 1 = sec? cos(@ + 20m) = cos8 ond cot# = —— cot? +1 cet tan(@ + am) = tan@ EVEN/ODD IDENTITIES DOUBLE ANGLE IDENTITIES HALFANGLEWeNTTIes = “CO * Pt") coe? sin(—8) = —sin 8 sin(28) = 2sin@cosd sec(O + 2m) = seed cos(—8) = cos cas(28) = cost@ — sin? @ cord +1) = cord tan(—9) = —tan@ =2cos*@—-1 ‘LAWOF COSINES ex(-6) = — cee =i-2ante = bt +c? — 2becosa sec(—#) = seed Ow at +ct— acess eee eaee = at + bt 2abeosy PRODUCT TO SUM IDENTITIES. ‘SUM TO PRODUCT IDENTITIES LAW OF SINES sinasinf =5[e0s(a- 6) —cos(a + A) sine + sin = 2sin( +”) cor cos ceas = $leos(a— 6) + con(a + 81 sing ~sinp = 2eos (“> +P) +sinla- = pean (2B) agg (AB tealfee—n] sincos f =5 {sina +f) + sina — 6) cons +e00 = 2008 ("=*)coa(==4) 273 aces a] cosa sing =5[sin(a +6) sin(a ~ 61 tanl} -P)] Bee" caald +n] _taafh@-y] ath _cne[ze—2)] *F" alien] cos(at 8) = cosa cosf ¥ sina sin ae ee tana + tang . sin (3) (COFUNGTION IDENTITIES. iF tana tang ‘SUM/DIFFERENCES IDENTITIES. sin(a tf) = sinacosf ¢ cosasin§ tanta +f) = sin(}-0) = cond cc(E- 0) = seco taa(5-a) = end coo( 5-2) = sineCALCULUS WIN Sco NEL INE Fire) = 100 = jg aL) (fy =r) (76) 22) =7@) te) twee ca 11 f se tiermeaha onthe eal) a connums athe snl point hers oust & ima. woe that n) - #6) ro =f te 2G) = Plg)e') SE HD af 0 sts Om gts to COMMON DERIVATIVES a Ron Sudan) Frisina) = cour 4 Fitcos.d = san a Sean sects a gy (eter) = neertans (ese x) = exe rent x Z Fie) =-ace Stein) “== Btertn--zhy Fro Stat) wet in) funee Ata) =t.2>0 a 1 a= y LIMIT EVALUATION METHOD ~ FACTOR AND CANCEL aS a Ga 7 Fa) ve CHAIN RULE AND OTHER EXAMPLES Ecco) = nipcar*pee) term) = pease Zeaipunn temipcod = fGleslfG)) Etentsto =F co einl/001 Feanlso00 = 7G eeAlfot Fleeeipo. =f Gdsecl fi Itan| F601 Sten = fe gore) Eem)- rae Tey _ PROPERTIES OF LIMITS ‘Thame properties vequare chart lmis of f(x) and p(x) eet aglefGd] = cH 160) Maal) + o(@)] = tee ra) + tm g(a) Umifor) g(x) = Lm 7G) tim g(x) fife) val] oo emg 9) © 0 Hem6OP* = [ts rf” UMIT EVALUATIONS AT +25 Ene smd fim 7-0 ‘BepinGs) = or and tale) = —oF Wr > thn jin S20 ur> mB. Bes’ = A lim © =—m forodd r Jn real for x < Othen im <= 0 =o for even r +1niree 6)Calculus Formula Sheet 4 im fix) +40) FePeH08) = seetananox) (6x)*g(a0)sHim fx) * tim g(2 P 5 fim (fix g(x)) = tim fx) / lim g(x) eee tim Y00 = yim £09 bee ae Sse t Sece Sv svi) f(x,)- fy) ee sian = costo) d —cosh(x) = sit fim, , L2tM= FO) gg a tata) = schts Constant Rule 7 4 eed Fyeohad = cach) a Power Rule Sectvy = -sech(x)tanh(x) gt em™ ra 3S csct(ny = -eseh(x)eoth(x) Product Rule 4 ; J cy = f(y a ~ sin = mmc 20) Fog 800+ 800 fo * (a ; Chain Rule “ 1). = 1} _ gech?: 1 (tanh 2) cab = Behe (ar taney = (|2| <1). (cothi'=— 5 --——cosech#s, (ar cothz)’ = > (jz|>D. (log, 2)’ = » logacs (a*)’ = a* log,a; in particular, in particular, (loga)’ = L (ey =e. (u®)’ == u°(vu'/u + v’ logu).sew mathportaLorg Analytic Geometry Formulas 1. Lines in two dimensions {Line forms ‘Slope intercept form: yemerb “Two point form: yo (x-5) aK Point slope form: yoy zan(xa) Intercept form aetet (a.b20) Normal torn: 6080+ ysing = p Parametric form: wax, Hoos tesina Point direction form: Eien ae a A 6 ‘whore (A.B) isthe direction ofthe fine and. #(,..¥,) Hes ‘on the tne. General form: At B-ytC=0 AO or B20 Distance ‘The distance trom Ax+ By +C=0 to (x.3,) 16 yaleated AP + BP ‘Concurrent lines ‘Three lines: AX+ By +6, =0 Ax + By +, = 0 Ant By +0, =0 are concurrent if and onty if: A&G, ae ln Gl 0 Line segment ‘A line sogment FP, can be represented in parametric fox by weat(-a)t ntlsc ne osrsl ‘Two fine segments RP, and P,P, intersect # any only i the numbers ‘satisty OSs SI and OS1S1 2. Triangles in two dimensions Area ‘Tho area. ofthe tangle formed by the three lines: AxtBy+G=0 AN+B,y+C, 20 A+ By +O, 20 iegiven by The area of a triangle whose vertices are (1.34), Pls. J.) and B04,.9): Ison | kad Poiunit circle aba y(0)=sinePythagorean identities: | tan? O+1=sec'O oa O+ I= cx O Reflection kdentities: | sin(- cn(-0)= +0000 ‘cox A+ B)=cos Acos B= sin Asin B cox{ A— B)=cos Acos B + sin Asin B peso Vnntig, | *#(A* B)=sin Acosi3 + cos Asin ts ‘sin(A—B)=sin AcosB-cos Asin B tan( A+ B) Complementary Identities: y= tam At tan a(t 4) cos A tan Atan B sin2A= 2sin AcosA ad ns B)=cos Acos B+ sin Asin B sin( A+ H)=sin AcosB + cos Asin B sin(A—B)=sin Acos B-cos Asin B sin2A= 2sin AcosAyay =1 — a set Ont) (2n+1) =1 2 y g_ mnt) a a ee ae =1 —_i _§_n_ —KE+1)~ a+ n(n the ere k(k+1)(k+2) = =1 vas) Dkr (k+2)~ 4(n+D(n+2) 5 (ak-1)=n2 f=1Differentiation Formulas: d 1. zz e= a. Hay =a dx qd 1 3. R= ax 4, —(cos x)= —sinx dx 5. =-(sin x)= cosx dx d 6. Gy (ans) sec! x — = 2 7. Zz, or) ce xX 8. —(sec x) =secx tanx dx 9. Lex x)= ese x(cotx) 10. fon a=2 Mu. fear 12. Semin aja" 13, Sin! = = 14. San reel 15. Fee's) = Integration Formulas: lL / Idx=x+C 2. [edemaxtc ” ertl iE "dx G - 3 f° ix ort anzgz—-l 4, [ sinwde= —cosx+C 5. f cosxde= sine +C 6, [ wcnde= tanx+C 7, [est xdx=—cors +c 8. [sestans)demsec+ € 9. f cscatcors)de= ocx +C L 10, f 2éx=tnis +C x u. fedeme +e a 12, feds= + Ca>oa#l In @ 13. f Fagen state 4. f ae ran x+C 1 15. f Sopdet lal Wx? 1Formulas for Conic Sections +*Parabolas *Ellipses and Circles *Hyperbolas a Section ‘to Magor Axia pe et et 1 The tobi ad recteices the ehipae (2) «P= t teppei (xi) ~ yb?) = 4 = YF * De} * By) #F «Owners baritone Eoateenet — ie wavcaeeen eee ee onli: 37- tipo er saeccas) bomeetos ne 1 cos empsect ucts 8 =Ben 26. (C-A mm E+ Ome-fose (2) ~ 4AG -0 => Parebole CrAse-Bangene.Coe Fak (parabata, etpee, = F ts the focus of apavabols. F1 and F2 avv the lode! an stpeee hepato ~ Bor 01 aed (2) ia the poirs oe ie crectls reaveat to por P - PF 6 PY aed PZ) a Die citance bebwnes ary pol CA (he cures and ha torus = PO (or POY and PO2} w the ciatance between te ary peat ‘on Phe curve and Phe closeat point 0) on the Ovectete AME 12-15-2008verfo? =n) = en ode 15 bee ales * - 2 OURE UNG METEOD . sf 1+(S¢) ay Le gn motor ImTE GALS am — ‘TOUR ELL PE TOD . part 1 Vals kd 1 tie es ie fs ec ae Gan «i aa “tee afte 7M aye [oan ‘tee. eco yee [yan fl Wu Av [hw 1 fog W = wt ae ae - [if 7B ARE RETWELN TWO CORNES, Emig oF OLE CUT, 7.7) * A=] Oye nb ons oer f pe heme * Aa fyb CL ae Be Sra fap bo ew ota a itis of a mk Veer [8.1 = eta = tn 3 sf BST Te:/ / TT -OT . SBwocsrorT confroin oF cocanten Wot ar Beh og ay! log, bog, log, (ay) = bog, 1410, ¥ to, ( 2} sto. 4-be 9 bog, Y= log, y ves.di=tien.y at =a"-a eet a (ay =a" @log, x= aac mms TF RBOUC TUNCTIONS ene sinh x= 3 conan tanh! ere hn=t sinh(1-+ 7) = sinh xeon y+-coxthesiath 9 cconb(a + 910s cont y+ sia xin mV MOPERBOLC FUNCTORS EXrRETSED 4s LoaNTIRNC FoRCTONS siete tnx +-V" i) cost x «in evr =1) mets) nn 23) ave def (90-8) =m t wec(9-#) = ct 01(90- 0) = sin SY eile Pus sins + y)= sia soon y *con.r3im y ‘sina = y) = sim e008 y= come sim ‘Cos + y= cos oO8 y= sine nim y ‘Con ~ yh con esi y+ xia esi yatt fect ox" >: [__i i aa eosecussccTuteectwy MOC ATRAEOUC ntcaanon rm . [ins sts = connie € ‘cae + foeFade= cows c il esate + Foun aata = wine + © | sccu tan ade = eeu + f + Posen = wate oc +e sina = E102) Oat fe ane ate + fest ate cota + + fescucot du = - esa eC J + made = Infor) eC cor a= floods) coe cc” + frceretantnte = sehr ¢ + frac = npocs) + cia * ut on > [eeereeeseere . [oot = tino + € ao me ran ance" mew ape aS mL LR JT + [cada =topcce + tane]sC + sisacoys's Ysinars ph+singe-)] ose cnc ate :. Joint = tfesca cot + ¢ ‘ cones Pro = tan" asec ader= Harrogate contr ‘asta UCotanGENT SH ARE Osa tt: Fam iia ft te + tan" tan”? acta? a) ren * cot" a moot”? sic 7a) El neeio ec uafumseca! wou otncwdlaci ST Te: /TT-OT. SwocsrorT comDERIVATIVE OF IMPLICIT FUNCTIONS ‘A TECHNIQUE TO DIFFERENTIAE IMPLICIT FUNCTIONS OF X = AN IMPLICIT” FUNCTION MEANS THAT IT's NOT IN "Y=" FORM, It’s IMPLIED THAT ¥=E(x) 1) OPTIONAL - HOVE TERMS FROM ONE SIDE TO THE OTHER. 2) DIFFERENTIATE BOTH SIDES OF THE EQT. WITH RESPECT TO x (INDEPENDENT VARIABLE} 3) WHEREVER Y APPEARS, USE CHAINE RULE, AND REMEMBER THAT sy.% OR (y') de” de 4 sc aye Woene as oy’ =2yey yy" 4) Souve FOR Bon y' (Isouare m7). ba dr-Sy=8 d a Sor-sn= 2) 4,4 —-3x-— Sy=0 a ak 3—Sy'=0 yeas yindy=x~ tony Saye 4s Aimy a de ded 2yy'-2y't sec" yy'= 1 yQy-24see")=1 ——— (2y-2+s0c"") yi Ba veyel days doy gg Zw 2x+2yy"=0 yo-2r/2y yeculy Ex4 sin(x+ y)= y’ cosx 4 ants + = 4 cass) ar a costx+y)# (1+ y= (1+ yeast y)= 2yy'(cos.x) + (-sinxXy") cas(x + y}+ y'cos(x + y) =2yy'{c0s.x)+ (—sinx\(y") Yicosx+ y)— 2yy"eos.x = —y* sinx— coslx+ y) ory sinx—costx+y) cos(x + y)—2ycosx yHyper D baad »)=sech? nfs coche fects] sec avian bnfoctile-cc hc Jota unas Joxtture-comave foctamatennnecnerc foenrvcom aden coher ‘Conversion of lavetse hypethlle to bopartthanle hove) low a) ‘xet) wl [Hyperhotlc identities cosh? 5~sinh? a tetanh? wesech? a Icoth? x= =cx0 hx siah(x+ y) sigh scosh y-+osh cad oth x ade ae fund s]=s0ch?s 0, booths] «ects trrt-schvms 1 bseha] =~ eso x foc nte-tansve focttutre-eansve fochn at e-netroe Joenscth adi «crema Tavera Hyperbalie Pai ete babes Jean vila ae pfs}. re Conversion averse hyperbole ta lgaethde sinh! sab eedFet} cot soto} cooah salah ewe"ft eh “| de : . Sheen Whoa = PERCU DETTE INTEGAANON FORUMS @ ai. atenelscnne © |drerel gated ahe + farlehde= af s(a)dr : d 1 Stan ads neta A tuah ade rcch?e + frlahtr= 4 fartedt A basbeneda Si leoina)= cca + Plots etabe fabs felobs é a fa mu POWER Foun di a é de dew > Cae de = enn + Sfocu)=-ccuen # A fescha)= —cschucotha St * a ‘ Fbecu)=rccutan S beccta)= -sechatanh- CONONETIC DAFFEAENTARON + [Xe mbfec weet ae ss ken os vine & fe? «| sfemae sc + fortes Soc « 46g. ae te stew += 404 = cm de Ne ine ae fat eae ‘comatant other than gna tale Fata? 6 Cplcten sll = slob sl 4 fog tyje ht Soar ale sh + fredne-fbe dr ow? de = Leth i . [rtera~ [rtotee [rtoten “ eh . fines from weber a= lever et de = apper et BAT Te: /TMT-OT . SBwocsrorT com