DANH GIA NANG 11 TU DUY lOGIC CUA HOC SINH TRONG DAY HOC

CHooNG liNH OUy tUM CDA HI~N lUUNG 01 muyl" ISINH H~C 121THUNGH!IC PHD THONG
TS. PHAN TH! THANH HOI*

anh qia (£)G) la mot khau quan trQng kh6ng nhten, trong nqhien CLrU nay chung t6i chilL,(achon 4
f) the tach r6'i cua qua trinh GD·£)T cOng nhu thao tacccban de£)G, dola: Phen tich, so sanh, tong
day hoc (DH). Neu coi qua trinh GD·£H la hop, khai quat h6a.
Buo: 3. Xay d/ff7g cec bang kiem asoo esc mcc
mot h$ thong thi £)G dong vai tra la pnan hoi cua h$
thong, la co sa de doi m?i nqi dung, phU'ong phap, d9 (MfJ) O?t dllQ'c cho mOi ki nang. DL,(atren cac
hinh thuc to chuc DH nham dieu khien h$ thong dat fhanh to cua NL nr duy, d$c diem cua cac kl nang,
ketqua toi iru nhat. Hi$n nay, theo £)G cua nhieu nha thao tac TDLG da ren luy$n, chung t6i xay dL,(ngh$
giao due thi kiem tra dimh gia (KT£)G) chua thl)'c sL,( thong cac tieu chi 8GNL TDLG cLla HS nhU'sau:
£)G dU'qc SL,(tien bq cua ngU'6'ihQCva 8G vi ngU'6'i Bang 1. H~ th6'ngtieu chi fJGNL TOW
hQCma chi t~p trung vao thanh tich hQc t~p. ChLrc
Thao
nang cung cap thong tin phan hoi cho hQcsinh (HS) tac tv
Cac tieu chi Co Kh6ng
va giao vien (GV) ve qua trinh DH cua KT8G hau duy
nhvluon biboqua amQimon hQc,mQitrinhdqvamQi loqic
Tach dvQ'Ccac dci tVQ'ng.hi~n tvqng
cap quan H. Viv~y, vi$c doi m6'iphvong phap KT8G
phUct;;tpthanh nhO'ngbQ ph~n, nhung
theo hvang phat trien nang lL,(c(NL) tL,(hQc,da d9ng 1.1
yeu to tLt l6'n den nho theo cac tieu
" hoa cac ho~t dqng hQc t~p, cho HS tL,(nghien CLru, Phan chi.
chu dQngdieu chinh NL nh~n thuc cua ban than la rat tfch
1.2
M6 ta dvqc cac bQ ph~n, cac d?c
di~m cua dci tvqnq, hi~n tvqnQ.
can thiet. 8~c bi$t la 8G NL ngv6'i hQcdang la mQt
8va ra dvQ'c dau hi~u ban chat, moi
van de kho doi v6'i GVa cac cap hQc.Trong bai bao 1.3
lien h~ qiua cac Mu chf.
nay, chung toi gi6'ithi$u ve cach 8G Nt tv duy logic M6 til. dvqc nhO'ng d?c di~m- giong
2.1
(TDLG), mQttrong nhOngNL can phattrien cho ngU'o; nhau cua cac dci tvqng, hi~n tVQ'nq.
hQcatrong trv6'ng pho thong. 2.2 Neu dvqc cac tieu chi khac nhau.
So
M6 tii dvqc d?c di~m khac nhau trong
1. £)(mh gia nang h!c TDLG , sanh 2.3
cac tieu chi khac nhau do.
1.1.Nang IlfC tLlduy logic. Chung toi cho rang Rut ra dvqc tieu chi khcic nhau quan
NL TDLGIa.kha nang tu'duykhoa hQctrong sLrdl,mg 2.4
tr<;mqnhat giO'acac doi tvqnq.
cac khai ni?m de'pMn tich, so sanh, tong hqp, khai 3.1
Phan Uch dvqc doi tvqng, hi~n ivqng
thanh cac bQph~n, yeu to cau thanh.
quath6a, fnJu tllQ'flgh6a dem I?inhtJng trithirc mang
T6ng Xac d!nh dvqc moi quan h$ giva cae
tinh chinh xac, ch?t che va h? thong, phu hqp v6'iquy hqp
3.2
iveu to.
lu?tkhach quan cua hi?n thl/c. Nhvv~y, cac thao tac/ Rut ra dvqc yeu to d?c trvng giO'acac
3.3
kinang cua NL TDLG bao gam: phan tich, tong hqp, d6i tvO'nq.
so sanh, khai quat hoa, tnlU tvqng hoa. Phan tich dvqc cac d?c di~m gi6ng va
4.1 khac nhau giO'acac cOi tvqng, hi~n
1.2.Ouy trinh fJG NL TDLG trong DH chLlong
KMi tvO'nQ.
Tinh quy lupt cua hi~n tLlqng di truyen quat 8va ra dU'Q'cmoi lienh?, tirih quy lu$thoq,t
4.2
(TOLCHTDT) (SH12) THPT hoa d9nqcootat ca cae dCitvQl1g.
BlIdc 1. Xac dinh muc dich fJG va Ilia chon NL 4.3
Rut ra dVQ'cket lu~n chung. t6ng quat
nhat ve cac doi tvO'nq,hien tllO'nQ.
can fJG. Mljc dich: 8GNL HS trong DH chvong
TQLCHTDT (SH12) THPT. NL lL,(achQn8G la NL 8G cac muc dq (M8) nh~n thuc NL TDLG eua
TDLG. HS thong qua 8G cac thao tac TDLG a CaGM8
BlIde 2. Xac dinh cac tieu chfl ki nang the' hi?n khacnhau:
cua NL. NL TDLG gam 5 thao tac Cfj ban: Phan tich,
sosanh, tong hqp, khaiquathoa, trw tvqng h6a. Tuy * Truong D~i hQc su'ph~m Hil NQi

421 T~p chi Giao d~c so 358 (ki2·5/2015)

 Bang 2. Cae MfJ fJGNL TOLG eua HS Bsi kiem tra 502: ThOigian lam bai45phut.
Tleu chi
Cau r.Phan bi$t hi$n tuqng trqi noan toan va trqi
Cac ki M£> dat
Tieu chi can dat khong hoan toan? Cho vi du?
nanQ dvqc batbuQc
3 Tat ca cac tieu chi 1.1, 1.2, 1.3. 1.1, 1.2 Cau 2:Cho phep lai: P: AaBbddEe x AabbOOee.
Cac tieu chi 1.1, 1.2; hoac ma ta Biet rnotqen quy dinh rnottinh tranq, trQilanoan loan.
Phan cac tieu chi chua ro rang; chua
1.1
Hay xac djnh: 1)So'to?hqpgenJF1?;2)F1 c6bao
2
Uch dua ra dUQ'cyeu to, moi lien h$ nhieu kiev gen, kiev hinh auo: teo ra?; 31 Til? kiev
ban chat cua cac aoi tvqna.
hinh tr¢ive'tatca cec tfnh tr?ng oF1?;4) aF1 c6ti/~
i Tlsu chi 1.1.
Tal ca cac lieu chi 2.1, 2.2, 2.3, 2.1,2.2,
kiev hinh mang kiev gen AabbDdee la bao nhieu?
3
2.4. 2.3 ceu 3:0 d~u Ha Lan, alen A quy dinh thEmcao
Cac tleu chi 2.1, 2.2, 2.3; mo ta trQihoan loan so vai alen a quy dinh than thap; alen B
2 con thieu, chira chlnh xac cac 2.1,2.2 quy dinh hoa do trQihoan toan so v6i alen b quy dinh
So sanh
d?c diem giong, khaC nhau. hoa trang. Cac gen nam tren cac c~p NST tuang
Cac tieu chi 2.1, 2.2; dian d~l dong khac nhau. Cho d~u than cao, hoa dodi hqp v~
i cac lieu chi, d~c diem kien thuc 2 c$p gen (P) tL!thl,Jphan thu duqc F1. Trong truong
con thieu nhiau, chua ro.
hqp khong co dQt bien xay ra, theo Ii thuyet, so cay
3
Tat ca cac tieu chi 3.1, 3.2, 3.3;
c6 the con thieu ho?c cac yeu 3.2,3.3
a
than thap, hoa tr~ng F1 chiem tll$ nao sau day?
to rut ra chva d?c lrvno nhat. A.9/16.· B.1/3. C.1/16. 0.3/16.
T6ng Bsi kiem tra 503: Thoigian lam bai45 phut
Cac tieu chi 3.1, 3.2; dian d?t
hqp
2 cac moi quan h$ giCi'acac yeu 3.2 Cau 1:So sanh hi$n tuqng di truyan cua cac tinh
to chua dung.
Tieu chf 3.1 .
tr~ng a quy lu$t phan Ii dQc I$p va quy lu$t lien ket
1 gen?
3 Tat ca cac tieu chi 4.1,4.2,4.3; 4.2,4.3
Cau 2:Cho nh(ing cay d$u F1 cung c6 kieu gen
Khai Cac tieu chi 4.1, 4.2; phan tfch
vai kieu hinh hoa tim h~tphan daitL!thl,J phan. F2 thu
4.2
quat 2 chua ro va cac d?c cl1emgiong,
khac nhau QiCi'acac doi tvqnQ. duqc tll$ kieu hinh: 50,16% hoa tim, h~t phan dai;
" h6a
1 Tieu chi 4.1. 24,84% hoa tim, h~t phan tron; 24,84% hoa do, hrJ,t
phan dai; 0,16% hoa do, h~t phan tron.
BIl6'c4. LLfachQncongCI,I£JGkinang. £)e£)GNL Bi$n lu~n va viet sa do lai tv F1 den F2? Cho biet
TOLG, c6nhi~u I09icong Cl,Jkhac nhau nhu:cau hoi, moi gen quy dinh mQttinh tr~ng. '
bait~p,bait~ptinh huong, bang hoi, bang kiem, hosa BIl6'c 6. Tham cJinhvahoan thi?ncong CI,I.Chung
hQCt~p.Trong nghien CLtunay, chung tei t~p trung lL!a toi da thu£)G cong cl,Jthong qua kiem tra 5 HS dvcyc
chQn cac cong ClJ dan gian nhat doi vai G V d61a cau lL!achQn ng~u nhien cua cung khoi va chlnh sua I~i
hoi,bait?p, bait?p tinh huong. cong Cl,Jhoan chlnh.
BIl6'c 5. Thiefke'cong CI,I£JG.Chung toi thiet ke BlI6'c 7. ThLfchi?n £JG va thu th?p thong tin. Nam
cong cl,JKT£)G 3 Ian nhu sau: hQc 2013-2014, chung toi da to chCrc ren luy$n NL
Bsi kiem tra so1: ThOigian lam bai 15 phut. TOLG trong OH mQt so bai thuQc chuang
Trong mqt nghien cCruva bQ nhi~m s~c the (NST) TQLCHTOT (SH12) THPT cho 125 HS lap 12A4,
cua loaiA, nguOita phathi$n ra bqNST cua mqtsoca 12A5, 12A6 Truong TH PT Bac Ly, huy$n Ly Nhan,
theacacd9ng NST duqc kihi$u laA 1, A2,A3,A4 co tinh Ha Nam. Tien himh £)G sutien bovs NL TOLG
soluqng nhu sau: cua HS thong qua £)G ketqua ren luy~n cacthao tac
cua NL TOLG da xay dL!ng qua cac giai do~n sau:
Ca the SolU9l19 NST
nQhien ctru Cap 1 Cap 2 Cap 3 Cap 4
- Giai aO?n cJauthLfcnghi~m (TN): Giao bai t~p va
A 2 2 2 2 huang d~n HS trai nghi~m TOLG, sau d6 giao bai
Ai 2 2 1 2 kiem tra so 1 va phieu tL! £)G cac tieu chi cua NL
A2 3 2 2 2 TOLG cho HS hoim thanh ngay t~i lap; - Giai aO?n
A3 3 3 3 3 gilia TN:GV tiep tl,JCcung cap mQtsocau hoi, bait~p
A4 4 4 4 4 cho HS ren luy$n. Sau d6, giao bai kiem tra so 2 va
1) Hay d~t ten cho cac bq NST cua cac ca the phieu tL!£)G cactieu chi cho HS; - Giaiao?n ketthuc
tran?; 2) Nau nguyen nhEmva ca chehir:lh thanh cac TN:Tiep tl,JCcung cap cong Cl,Jcho HS de remluy~n
d9ng A 1, A2, A3, A4? NL TOLG. GV giao baikiem tra 503 va phieutL!£)G

(ki2-5/2015)
'f:lP chi Giao· dye so 358143
cho HS, yeu cau HS lam bai va tl/ 8G theo cac nqi
a gitia TN, cac MD tuO'ng vng Ian luqt 1831,2%;
25,6%; 30,4%, den cuoiTN, tll~ HS co kinang da
dung trong phieu. Cuoi cling, DG MD dat duqc cac
tang t6'i97,6% v6'i cac MD Ian luqt co tll~ la 38,4%;
tieu chi cua NL TDLG thong qua ket qua f)G 3 bai
ki~m tra va 3 Ian tl/f)G trong phieu tl/f)GNL TDLG 31,2%; 28%.
cua HS. Ket hop v6'ipheng van nhe, chung toi phan
a
V6';kinang so sanh: dau TN, tll~ HS co kha
nang so sanh chi d~t 68% v6'i 20% dat Mf)3, 20%
tic~ dinh luqng va dinh tinh, rut ra mqt so ket lu~n
dat MD2 va MD 1 la 28%. Den cuoi TN, da co 95,2%
khang dinh tac dunq, y nghia cua viec ren luy~n NL
HS co kTnang so sanh dat MD 1 tra len, Mf)3 tang tv
TDLG cho HS trong DH chuang TQLCHTDT
20% len 38,4%. Day la sl/chuy~n bien l6'ntrong HS,
(SH12) THPT. phan a~h thL!ctEl nhan thuc cua nguai hoc, Do vi~c
BLf6'c8. PMn tfeh kef qua thu th~p auac. T 6n~
phattrien va ren luy~n chua duqc bai ban, dung quy
hqp ket qua thu duqc tl1cac phieu th~ hi~n MD d~t
trinh nen nhieu HS khi so sanh cac doi tuqng, kien
duqc cua HS a moi tieu chi. Ket qua f)G dinh luqng
thuc m6'ichltrinh bay duqc nqi dung, chua phan tich
cac tieu chi cua NL TDLG cua HS sau khi TN DH
thanh cac d~c di~m,tieu chi d~ doi chlmg, cho thay Sl/
theo hu6'ng ren luy~n NL TDLG trong DH chuang
giong, khac nhau giO'achung. Khi daduqc ren luy~n
TQLCHTDT (SH12)THPT du'qcth~hi~n a bang 3. theo quytrinh, ketquathl/c hi~nkinang
Bang 3. Ketqua DG cac lieu chi cua NLTDLG cua HS trang DH so sanh da d9t hi~u qua cao han.
chuO'ngTQLCHTDT (SHI2) THPT V6';kTnang tdng hqp: Tv dau TN
Dilu TN GiaaTN SauTN den sau TN, tll~ HS d9t MD 1 chiem tl
IThao lac \ Cac lieu chi Co Kh6ng Co Kh6ng Co Khong 1$I6'n(tren 40%), MD3 va MD2 co Sl/
(%) (%)
TDLG (%) (%) (%)
(%)
tang ch~m.M~c du,khanang phantich
Tach dLlQecae dOi tl1Qngphl1et<)pth1inh nhang
81,6 18.4. 87,2 12,8 97,6 2.4 doi tuqng, kienthuc tMnh cac bQph~n
1.1 b6 phan, nhung yeu t6 w Idn den nho thea cae
tieu chi. .
nhe han da tienbQ,song khanang phat
PMn neh MO13 ciI\1C cae b(ipt$1, cae d<lc oem Clla dli l!J(I1g. 55,2 44,8 61,6 38.4 72,8 27,2 hi~n moiquan h~giCtacacbQph~ncon
1.2
.. fJltd ra dl1(lCdau hi~u bim chat, m6i lien h~ gifJacae 28 72 32,8 67.2 39,2 60,8 h~n che nen chua rut ra duqc yeu to
1.3
lieu chi.
Mo ta d\J(lCnhung d~c diem giong nhau clia cac 73,6 26,4 84,8 15,2 100
d~c trU'nggiCtachung.
2.1
obi tl10ng. °
34,4 72,8 27,2 84 16
V6'ikTnang khai quat h6a: MD2 va
2.2 !<leu dtt caelieuchikhOCnhau.
65,6 3 co sl/tang m,9nh,t(r-17,6% dall TN
So sanh Mo ta ol1qc o~c diem kMc nhau trang cac lieu 40,8 59,2 51.2 48,8 68,8 31.2 len t6'i35,2% sau TN, IrAD1 adau TN
2.3
chi khac nhau do.
Rut ra dllQCtieu chi khac nhau quan trQngnhat 20 80 26,4 73.6 38.4 61,6
a
la 31 ,2% giam con 22,4% cuoi TN.
2.4 gifJaeac dOiWQng. .. Ket qua cho thay vi~c dva quy trinh va
Philn tieh dlidC cOitliCingtMnh cac bQ ph~n, yeu 72,8 27,2 64 16 92,8 7,2
3.1 t6 cau thtmh.
cac cong Cl.l vao rEm luy~n NL TDLG
. '.
33;6 66,4 37,6 62,4 52,8 47,2 cho HS da lam tang kha nang phan
Tong hQp 3.2 Xae dinh dllde mOiquan he gilia cac yeu t6.
Rut ra dl1qe yeu t6 d~c trtJng giua gifJa cac dOi 18,4 61,6 21,6 78.4 32,8 67,2 tich cac doituqng, xac I~pmoiquan h~
3.3
tllCing. bi$n chung giO'acac bQ ph~n, yeu te
~ 1 PMn lich dllQe cae d~c diem gi6ng va khac nhau 68 32 76,8 23,2 89,6 10,4 cau thanh, tvdo rutra dl1qcnhQ'ngyeu
~
.... g1113 cae dbi lliong.
DlGIra d~ mli lien h~,tinh quy ~~! clQng CllaW 39,2 60.8 50,4 49,6 68,8 31,2
to quan trQng, yeu to d~c trung, khai
Khai quat
4.2
ca cae dli I!J(:llg. quat.Trong qua trinh renluy~ncacthao
h6a
Rut ra dll<1Cket lu~n chung, t6ng quat nhat ve 19,2 80,8 23,2 76,8 31.2 68,8 tac TDLG
4.3 cac d6i lUQng. .
a chuang TQLCHTDT
(SH12) THPT, HS da biet phan tlch
d~c di~m cathelai, cac ketqua thi nghi~m lai,chUng
Tv ket qua tren, can cu tieu chuan DG cac MD minh duqc qua trinh ditruyen cactinh tr~ng acacca
cua NL TOLG de.xay dl!ng, chung t6i tien hanh DG th~lai lanho slfdi truyen cua cac gen vasl/tuang tac
a
cac MD nh~n thuc cuaHS tvng kTnang, thao tac
giCrachung. Qua trlnh nay duqc thl/c hi~n nhocck ca
TDLG. Ketqua cac MD d9tduqc cua cactieu chi NL che di truyen cua cac ~en trong te bao. Rutra duqc
TDLG co Sl/tang len thea chi~u hu6'ng tlch cl/c, nhat quy lu~tchi phei tll~ kieu gen, ki~u hlnh cac dOilai,
laM£)3, aMD1 coxu hu6'ng giam dan vathayvao do
a
hinh thanh cac cong thuc tong quat.
a
latang tll~ Mf)2. DG cJjnhluqng ca nhan:Chung toi da chQnngau
V6'i kT nang phiin tich: Dau TN so HS co ki nhien 5 em HS va theo doi vi~c ren luy~n NL TDLG
nang phan tlch dC),t80,8%, trong do co 25,6% HS cua cclcem trong suet qua trinh TN. £)~ h~n che anh
d~t MD3; 27,2% HS d9t MD2; 28% HS dC),tMD1.

44 \ T,:,p chi· Giao d~c so 358 (hi, 2 - 5/2015)

huang cua yeu to chLi quan, "Chung tai cOng de nghi
mQt so GV bQ man quan sat qua trinh remluy$n NL
TDLG cua HStrong giO'hoc cua bQ man minh phu
trach va ghi I~icac bi~u hien ve hanh vi va thai dQcua
cac HS nay VaGphieu quan sat. Ket qua nhu sau:
Bang 4, Kef qua fJG esc lieu chi cus NL TOLG
cue 5 HS trong top TN
Phan tfch So sanh T{)ng hop
H9Csinh
£) G S £) G S £) G S £) G S
va Thi Trang 1 2 2 1 2 2 1 2
Nguyen Van
1 2 3 1 2 2 1 2
TruOng
,NguyenThi Thu HiEm 2 2 3 2 3 3 2 3
Phi,lm£lac Anh 1 1 2 1 1 2 1 2
Tran Phuong My 2 3 3 2 2 3 2 3
(fJ:fJiu TN, G: Giiia TN, S: Sau TN)
Ket qua bang 4 cho thay, ki nang cLia HS qua
cac Ian 8G co MD d~t duqc tang dan, dau TN,
nhieu kTnang ch Id~t M81, Den cuoi TN, hau het
cac HS nay deld~t M82 ho~c 3. Tuy thuQctrinh dQ,
NL va ythuc ren IUYQncua moi HS ma d~tdl1qc ket
qua khac nhau: Vai HS VLi Thi Trang: Giai do9n
dau co ca 4 lieu chi d M£)1, den gil1aTN da co mQt
so tieu chi dat MD2. Den cuoi cuoi TN, tatea cac ki
nang deld~tMD2. M~e du theo DG cua'GV bQman,
em Trang co hqc lL!ctrung binh, it th~ hi~n minh
trong cac tinh huang tren lap; HS Ph9m DLrCAnh:
a
d~t M8 thap hau het cac tieu chi. Trang TN, co
nhieu tieu chi chi d~t MD 1va 2. Cu6iTN, ketqua co
kha quan hon nhl1ngvan con co tieUchi MD 1,cac
tieu chi khac deu dat MD2. HS DLrcArih co trinh do
a
hQct~p muc trun'g binh, co y thLrctot nhung k~t
qua chl1a cao. Co th~, HS da quan sat, ghi nha
dl1qc nhieu tinh huang, kien thuc, song.do v6n tv
ngl1,kha nang di~n 69t chua tot nen vi~c trinh bay
kien thLrc,di~n d9t nQidung chl1a day du, logic nan
ket qua khang cao; HS Tran Phuong My: Ket qua
th~hi~n sL!tien bQra r~t.Cac tieu chi trong qua trinh
TN deu deltang len, den cu6i TN tat ca cae tieu chi
deu d~t M£)3, HS Tran Phuong My colL!c hQckha
cao {trung binh man lap 111a7,97),la mQtHS nang
dQng,tich cL!ctham gia vao cac h09t dQng phong
trao cua lap, cua trl1O'ngnen co sL!phat tri~n kha
toan dien.
Sen c~nh sL!hi$u qua cLlavi$c ren luy$n cae ki
nang eLlaNL TDLG, ketqua trEmcling cho thay r~ng
vi~c remluy$n can co nhieu thai gianhon, ri1Qts6HS
con chl1adinh hl1angho~c dinh hl1ang.nhl1ngchl1a
ra rangve phattri~nva ren luy~n NL cho ban thEm.
(ki2 - 5/2015)
fJG V(j'm~tcfinh tinh. Sen canh ketqua thuduqc
nr cac bai t~p dau, gil1ava sau TN. Chung-t~i delco
nhl1ng cuoc phong van nho d6i vai HS mroc khi co
chuonq trinh ren luy$n va sau khi ducc tham gia
vao chuong trinh remluy$n d~ so sanh va rut ra mot
s6ketlufm:
- Su6c dau HS co kha nang phat hi$n va giai
Khai quat quyet nhO'ngvan de d6i hoi lien tuang den nhO'ng
h6a kien thLrCda hoc mrcc do. Tuy nhien, kha nang tL!
lL!cchuy~n cac trithLrc,ki nang sang mQtti~h huang
2 1 1 2
"- mai con h9n che. Khi duqc ren luy$n ve cac ki nang
3 1 2 2 TDLG mQtcach co h$ th6ng, sL!chuy~n bien..dath~
3 2 2 3 hi$n ra r$t. Nhieu HS da co kha nang lam vi$c dQc
2 1 1 1 I$p,tL!chuy~n tai tri thuc VaGtinh hu6ng mal. Vi dl,l:
3 2 2 3 Sau Sai ki~m tra so 2, khi duqc hoi: Cac em de:dinh
huang nhl1the nao d~ giai bili t$p so 2? HS Nguyen
Van Trl1ang cho biet: Em de:khang XclC dinh dl1qc
cach lam cl,lth~cho baitoan nay. ThL!cteem chi viet
a tatea cac cac giao tvcua 2 coth~b6 m~t90 ra. Sau
a
do, li$t ke tat ca cac ki~u gen duqc hinh thanh F1
raith6ng ke ket qua. COngcau hoituong tL!,Nguyen
Thi Thu Hien tra lot Em cf§ nghT cle'n tinh huf/ng,
clay la bai toan c64 gen di truyen cfQcI~p, nen tach
rieng tling gen cfitlicl6 nh8.nxac su~tcua chung I(#i
thi se tim ra ketqua cua cac cau hoi. Tuy nhh~n,do
chua quen lam bai t~p ki€u nay nen thai gian hoar)
thanh cua em can cham. .
- Kha nang phan tich kienthuc thanh cac y nho,tai
hi~n nhanh chong cac kien thLrclien quan, xacdinh
cac moi quan h~ can thiet d~ giai quyet khi nhi$m vl,l
a nh$n thLrclacau hoi ho~c bait$p. £)~cbi~t,troC)gqua
trinh v$n dl,lngVaGgiai cac.bait$p nh$n thLrc,cac em
da nhanh chong thiet lap dl1qcmoi quan h$ ban chat
giCi'aSL!ditruyen ve ki€u hinh va ki~ugen. Tvdo X8C
dinh duqc quy lu$t di truyen cua cac tinh tr9ng dem
lai,k~tqua phep lai.
- Co kha nang phat hi$n cai chung cua cac hi$n
tUq'ngkhcicnhau, sL!khac nhau gil1acac hi~ntl1qng
tuong tL!.
Sau bai ki~m tra so' 3, chung tai dieu tra HS thi
nh~n duqc ketqua nhv sau: Khi duqc hoi: Em daxac
dinh nhi~m VlJnh$n thuc va dl1a ra cach giai quyet
nhi~m vl,l cua Cau 2 nhLfthe nao? HS Ph~m £)uc
A,nhcho biet:Em xacclinh, baitoan laic62 tfnh tr(#ng..
a cloi sau c6 sL!phan tinh thanh 4 kie'u hinh khac
nhau thi cae tfnh trq_ngtrQila trQihoim toan, b6'm? c6
kieu gen di hqp. T1/~kieu hinh <icld'isau la 50,16%:
24,84%:24,84%: 01,6% /8. tl/~cua ditruyen hoan vi
gen vin6 khcic v6i tl/~ 9:3:3:1; HS Tran Phl10ng My
cho biet: Vibaifoan laic62 ffnh trq_ng,moifinh trq_ng
T~p chi Giao dye so 358 J 45
 .~

din d6'isau chlc62 trc!}ngthaiv6itl/~ la 3:1 nen ngay
khidQcde'n tl/~kilu hinh 50,16%:24,84%:24,84%:
01,6% odOisau laem xacdjnh dlfC/cdaylaketquii di
truyen noen v!gen. Em chdc chdn kie'ugen cua F11a
2 c?,pdi h(/fJtu cneo vi de'bai cho biet moi gen quy
djnh m¢ttinh tr9ng ma t1t~kiev hinh I?,n(hoa tim, h9t
pMn tron)chi chie'm0, 16%.
** •
V~n dI,Jngquy trlnh 8GNL gem 8 bucc, chung
toi da xay dl.!'ngGaG cong CIJ,thang do va thLJ'C hi~n
8GNL TDLG trong DH ditruyen hQc(SH12)THPT.
Qua TN 8G cho thay, cac M8trong moitieu chi NL
cua HS duqc tang Ifm, trong do, (J thao tac phEm
tich HS co sLJ'tang m~nh nhat, con thao tac tong
hqp, khai quath6a I~itang ch~m han. 8ieu do cho
thay, kha nang tong hqp, khai quat h6a can c6 qua
trlnh rem luy&n lau dai han. Tuy nhien, thong .qua
ran luy&n NL TDLG, chung toi 8G: HS del c6 SI.!'
phat trign ve NL TDLG. 8~c bi&t la kha nang giai
quyet tot cac bai toan doi hoi co SI.!' dinh huang tot,
kha nang phan tich cac moi quan h& giva ban chat
ben trong (di truyen ki~u gen) vai hi~n tuqng ben
ngoai (di truyen kigu hlnh), suy doan va v~n dtJng
• cac thao tac tu duy dg tim cach ap dIJngthich hqp,
cuoi cung lato chLrctht!c hi&n mQtcach co hi&uqua
i
'.
& truong THCS. Tap chi Khoa hoc, Truong Dai hoc su
pharn Ha Noi, Volume 59, s6 6BC narn 2014 (tr 151-
161).2014.
8. Hoang Thi Tuyet. Phat trisn chuang trtnn dai h9C
theo each tiep can nang luc - Xu the va nhu cdu. Tap
chi Phat trien va H(Ji nhap . S6 9 (19), thang 03-04/
2013; tr 80-87. 2013. .
9. H6 Ba Tham. Nang cao nang hrc nr duy ciia d(li
ngii can b(l lanh dao, quan Ii chu chot cap x~
hien nay. NXB Chinh trt qu6c gia - SI! th¢t, H. 1995
(tr 14-15).
SUMMARY
Logical thinking competency is conSidered as one
ofthe competefIcies need to develop for students iI1
many countries. However. the assessment of this
competency is very difficult for teachers at alllevels.
In this article, we introduce and analyze the steps of
assessment logical thinking competency as an example
in teaching Genetics - 12th grade Biology in high
school. The subjects assessed 125students in 12th
grade Bac Ly High School, Ly Nhan district. Ha Nam
province.
Ren k1 Dang quan sal lrong day hoc... o 0

b~ng cach xac dinh duqc quy lu~tdi truyen cua tinh (Tit!p theo trang 41)
tr~ng va ketqua cua phep lai. 0
2. Ingo Eilks and Avi Hofstein. Teacfting Chemistry-
A Studybook, Sense publishers, AW Rotterdam. 20ll
Tfli li~u tham khao
1. vo Thi Phucmg Anh. "Ki~m tra d{mh gia d~ phl.,lc 3. Nguyen Thi Bi~h Hien. Ren luy~n ki ndng su d~tng
bili lQP h6a hfiC trong dVlY hfiC & truang trung hfiC
Vl.,lhQct~p: Xu huang moi cua the gioi va bai hQccho
ph6 tMng cho sinh vien a(li hfiC su ph(lm nganh h6a
Vi~t Nam". Ki ylu h9i thao khoa h9C Kiem tra va
aanh gia at phdt huy tinh tich qrc cLla h9C sinh bQc
hfiC. Lu~n an tien Sl Giao dl.,lchQc,Truong D(,lihQc su
trung hfiC. Vi~n nghien Clru Giao dl.,lc,Truong D(,li ph(,lm,Ha NOi. 2012.
4. Nguyen Th(,lc- Ph(,lmThanh Nghi. Tam Ii hQc SU'
hQcTP. H6 Chi Minh, tr 5-15. 2006.
2. Dinh Quang Baa - Nguyen Duc Thanh. Lilu~n dl;lY ph~m d~i hQc. NXB D9i h9C su ph9m, H. 2009.
hQc Sinh hQc dl;licU'O'llg.NXB Cido d'}c, H. 2000.
3. Nguyen Thanh NgQc Baa. Buoc dtlU tim hi~u khai SUMMARY
ni~m "Danh gia thea nang llJc" va de xuift mOt s6 One of the important objectives of the teaching
hlnh thuc danh gia nang hlC ngii van cua hQc sinh". process is to develop student's awareness, through
T(,lp chi Khoa hfiC, Truong D(,li hQc SU' ph(,lm TP. it to improve problem solving in life. To develop aware-
H6 Chi Minh, S6 56/2014, tr 157-165. ness for students with multiple measures of teach-
4. Beeby.C.E. The Quality Education in Developing ing, but all must comply with the law of awareness:
from visual to abstract thinking. and abstract think-
Countries, Harvard University Press. 1997.
ing to return to reality. Thus observations is crucial
5. Griffin, P. Competency based assessment of higher role in cognitive processes. With its advantages: ab-
order competencies. Paper presented at the NSW ACEA stract, intuitive, and the phenomena of chemical re-
state conference, April, in Mudgee, Australia. 2000. actions, chemistry has the advantage to practice ob-
6. Tdm Ba Hoanh. Danh gia trong giao dt}c (dung cho serving skills and develop thinking for students. This
cac truong DHSP va CDSP). NXB yiclD d,}c, H. 1995. paper proposes a number of measures to practice
observing skills tlJrough chemistry teachingin high
7. Phan Thi Thanh HOi- Tran Khanh NgQc. Dinh huang
danh gia nang i{fc nguai hfiC trong dVlYhfiC Sinh h9C
schools.

46 \ T~p chi Gic'lo d,:,c so 358

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