Fundamentals of

Biochemistry
CHEM 461
Week 4
Protein Composition and Structure-II

Bilkent University
Department of Chemistry

Instructor: Dr. Yunus Emre Türkmen

Some Uncommon Amino Acids Found in Proteins
Other Modifications (Phosphorylation, Acetylation. Methylation)
 Ornithine and Citrulline
Ornithine and citrulline are not found in proteins, but they are key
intermediates in the biosynthesis of arginine and in the urea cycle
Three-Dimensional Structure of Myoglobin
Structure of the Heme Group
 Distribution of Amino Acids in Myoglobin

Yellow: Hydrophobic amino acids

Blue: Charged amino acids
Amino Acid Distribution in Porin, A Membrane Protein

Yellow: Hydrophobic amino acids

Blue: Charged amino acids
Protein Domains
Structural Domains of a Calcium-Binding Protein
 Quaternary Structure of the Cro Protein

- Dimer of identical subunits

The α2β2 Tetramer of Human Hemoglobin
Amino Acid Sequence of Bovine Ribonuclease
Excess β-Mercaptoethanol Reduces Disulfide Bonds
Reduction and Denaturation of Ribonuclease
Reestablishing Correct
Disulfide Pairing:
Typing-Monkey Analogy
Proposed Folding Pathway of a Protein
Space-filling Model of Lysozyme
Ball-and-Stick Model of Lysozyme
Backbone Model of Lysozyme
Ribbon Diagram of Lysozyme
Ribbon Diagram of Lysozyme with Highlights