Anatomy and Physiology 1st Edition Mckinley Test Bank

Anatomy and Physiology 1st Edition
McKinley Test Bank

Visit to Download in Full: https://testbankdeal.com/download/anatomy-and-physiology
-1st-edition-mckinley-test-bank/
Chapter 07 - Skeletal System: Bone Structure and Function
Chapter 07
Skeletal System: Bone Structure and Function
Multiple Choice Questions
1. Which is an alternate term for compact bone?

A. Cancellous bone
B. Trabecular bone
C. Spongy bone
D. Diploe
E. Cortical bone
Bloom's Level: 1. Remember

HAPS Objective: F02.02 Identify the internal structural components of compact bone and
spongy bone.
HAPS Topic: Module F02 Structural components – microscopic anatomy.
Learning Objective: 07.01.01 Compare and contrast compact and spongy bone.
Section: 07.01
Topic: Skeletal System
7-
2. What is the function of cartilage located in the epiphyseal plates?

A. Serves as model for bone formation
B. Provides passageway for blood vessels
C. Forms articular surface
D. Supports soft tissues
E. Provides flexibility for bending
Bloom's Level: 3. Apply

HAPS Objective: F02.03 Identify the types of cartilage tissues found in the skeletal system
and explain the functions of each.
Learning Objective: 07.01.02 Identify the types and locations of cartilage within the skeletal
system.
Section: 07.01
3. Which type of cartilage is found in the intervertebral discs?

A. Hyaline cartilage
B. Fibrocartilage
C. Reticular cartilage
D. Articular cartilage
E. Elastic cartilage

system.
Section: 07.01
7-
4. Which is not a function of bone?

A. Protection
B. Mineral storage
C. Body movement
D. Hormone synthesis
E. Hemopoiesis

HAPS Objective: F01.01 Describe the major functions of the skeletal system.
HAPS Topic: Module F01 General functions of bone & the skeletal system.
Learning Objective: 07.02.01 Describe the general functions of bone.
Section: 07.02a
5. Where does hemopoiesis occur?

A. Epiphyseal line
B. Endosteum
C. Red bone marrow
D. Yellow bone marrow
E. Nutrient foramina

spongy bone.
Section: 07.02a
7-
6. Bone is considered an important storage reservoir for:

A. calcium, phosphate, and lipids.
B. steroids, proteins, and complex carbohydrates.
C. glycogen, nitrogenous bases, and calcium.
D. phosphate, glycogen, and nonpolar amino acids.
E. calcium, complex carbohydrates, and polar amino acids.

HAPS Objective: F01.01 Describe the major functions of the skeletal system.
HAPS Topic: Module F01 General functions of bone & the skeletal system.
Section: 07.02a
7. The bones of the fingers and toes (phalanges) are categorized as _____ bones.
A. long
B. irregular
C. short
D. flat
E. sesamoid

HAPS Objective: F07.01 Identify the types of bones based on shape and composition
(compact vs. spongy), and relate the shapes of bones to their functions.
HAPS Topic: Module F07 Gross anatomy of bones.
Learning Objective: 07.02.02 Describe the four major classes of bones as determined by
shape.
Section: 07.02b
7-
8. The bones of the wrist are classified as _____ bones.

A. long
B. regular
C. short
D. irregular
E. flat

shape.
Section: 07.02b
9. Which is a sesamoid bone?

A. Patella
B. Cuboid
C. Talus
D. Sphenoid
E. Scaphoid

shape.
Section: 07.02b
7-
10. An example of a flat bone would be the:

A. femur (of thigh).
B. radius (of forearm).
C. trapezoid (of wrist).
D. sternum (breast bone).
E. calcaneus (heel).

shape.
Section: 07.02b
11. Flat bones:

A. protect underlying soft tissue and may be slightly curved.
B. have elaborate shapes, and sometimes resemble sesame seeds.
C. include the bones of the wrist that glide across each other.
D. are, by definition, not at all curved.
E. have a diaphysis and an epiphysis.
Bloom's Level: 2. Understand

shape.
Section: 07.02b
7-
12. Consider the classifications of bone, and examples of each. Which classification
comprises bones used primarily for movement rather than protection?
A. Short bones
B. Long bones
C. Flat bones
D. Irregular bones
E. Regular bones
Bloom's Level: 4. Analyze

shape.
Section: 07.02b
13. Which region of a growing bone contains the epiphyseal plate?

A. Distal epiphysis
B. Proximal epiphysis
C. Metaphysis
D. Diaphysis
E. Periphysis

HAPS Objective: F03.01 Identify the structural components of a long bone, with emphasis on
region of longitudinal growth.
HAPS Topic: Module F03 Structural components – gross anatomy.
Learning Objective: 07.02.03 Explain the structural components of a long bone.
Section: 07.02c
7-
14. The knobby region of a long bone at the end that is farthest from the trunk is the:
A. distal diaphysis.
B. proximal epiphysis.
C. distal epiphysis.
D. superior diaphysis

Section: 07.02c
Fill in the Blank Questions
15. The shaft of a long bone is called the _________.

diaphysis

Section: 07.02c
7-
16. Blood vessels enter the diaphysis of a long bone through an opening called the
_________ foramen.
nutrient

HAPS Objective: F07.03 Identify bone markings (spines, processes, foramina, etc.) and
describe their function (e.g., point of articulation, muscle tendon attachment, ligament
attachment, passageway for nerves and vessels).
Learning Objective: 07.02.05 Explain the general function of blood vessels and nerves that
serve a bone.
Section: 07.02c
17. What is the thin layer of connective tissue that lines the medullary cavity of a long bone?
A. Diaphysis
B. Epiphysis
C. Endosteum
D. Periosteum
E. Trabeculae

Section: 07.02c
7-
18. Which is not true about periosteum?

A. It includes two layers: outer fibrous and inner cellular.
B. It is composed of dense regular connective tissue.
C. It provides stem cells for bone growth and repair.
D. It is anchored to the bone by collagen fibers.
E. It covers the entire bone surface, with the exception of articular areas.

HAPS Objective: F02.04 Explain the roles of dense regular and dense irregular connective
tissue in the skeletal system.
Section: 07.02c
19. The periosteum is anchored to the bone by collagen fibers called _____ fibers.
A. transverse
B. perforating
C. penetrating
D. connecting
E. cementing

HAPS Objective: F02.04 Explain the roles of dense regular and dense irregular connective
tissue in the skeletal system.
Section: 07.02c
7-
True / False Questions
20. Neither short nor flat bones contain a medullary cavity.

TRUE

Learning Objective: 07.02.04 Compare the gross anatomy of other bones to that of a long
bone.
Section: 07.02c
21. The spongy bone found within a flat bone is called _________.
diploe

Learning Objective: 07.02.04 Compare the gross anatomy of other bones to that of a long
bone.
Section: 07.02c
7-
22. Bone is ________ and contains mainly ________ nerves.

A. avascular, sensory
B. avascular, motor
C. highly vascularized, sensory
D. highly vascularized, motor

HAPS Objective: F02.01 List and describe the cellular and extracellular components of bone
tissue.
Learning Objective: 07.02.05 Explain the general function of blood vessels and nerves that
serve a bone.
Section: 07.02c
23. In adults, the medullary cavities of most long bones contains red marrow.
FALSE

Learning Objective: 07.02.06 Compare and contrast the structure and location of the two
types of bone marrow.
Section: 07.02d
7-
24. Severe anemia may trigger an adaptive conversion of:

A. yellow marrow to red marrow.
B. red marrow to yellow marrow.
C. spongy bone to compact bone.
D. bone marrow to spongy bone.

HAPS Objective: F09.01 Provide specific examples to demonstrate how the skeletal system
and articulations respond to maintain homeostasis in the body.
HAPS Topic: Module F09 Application of homeostatic mechanisms.
Section: 07.02d
25. If a clinician were looking to harvest bone marrow that made blood cells, which bone of a
donor would be sampled?
A. Distal head of femur
B. Os coxa
C. phalanges
D. Distal humerus

Section: 07.02d
7-
26. Which type of cell produces new bone tissue by secreting matrix?
A. Osteocytes
B. Osteoclasts
C. Osteoblasts
D. Osteoprogenitor cells
E. Bone-lining cells

HAPS Objective: F05.01 Compare and contrast the function of osteoblasts and osteoclasts
during bone growth, repair, and remodeling.
HAPS Topic: Module F05 Physiology of bone growth, repair, & remodeling.
Learning Objective: 07.02.07 Name the four types of bone cells and their functions.
Section: 07.02e
27. Bone cells called __________ break down bone by secreting hydrochloric acid and
enzymes that dissolve the matrix.
A. osteoprogenitor cells
B. osteoid cells
C. osteocytes
D. osteoclasts
E. osteoblasts

Section: 07.02e
7-
28. An osteoclast has a ruffled border and multiple nuclei.

TRUE

tissue.
Section: 07.02e
29. During appositional growth of cartilage, the cells that produce the matrix are the:
A. chondrocytes.
B. osteocytes.
C. fibroblasts.
D. chondroblasts.
E. osteoblasts.

Learning Objective: 07.03.01 Compare interstitial and appositional growth of cartilage.
Section: 07.03
7-
30. Place the following steps in the process of appositional growth of cartilage in correct
order.
a: New matrix is produced and secreted.
b: Chondrocytes differentiate, each in its own lacuna.
c: Stem cells undergo mitosis.
d: Committed cells differentiate into chondroblasts.
A. c. - d. - a. - b.
B. d. - c. - b. - a.
C. c. - d. - b. - a.
D. a. - c. - b. - d.
E. a. - c. - d. - b.

Section: 07.03
31. Interstitial growth of cartilage increases its ______ and occurs in the _______ region of
the cartilage.
A. length, internal
B. length, peripheral
C. width, internal
D. width, peripheral

Section: 07.03
7-
32. Which affects osteoblast and osteoclast activity?

A. Gravity
B. Mechanical stress
C. Calcitonin and parathyroid hormone levels
D. Blood calcium level
E. All of the choices are correct
Bloom's Level: 5. Evaluate

HAPS Objective: F05.02 Explain the hormonal regulation of skeleton growth.
Learning Objective: 07.05.03 Define bone remodeling, and give examples of how it varies in
different bones and different portions of the same bone.
Section: 07.05a
33. As the bone matrix calcifies and the secreting cells become walled in:
A. osteoblasts become osteocytes.
B. osteogenic progenitors become osteoclasts.
C. osteoblasts become osteoclasts.
D. osteoclasts become osteocytes.

Section: 07.02e
7-
34. What gives bone its flexibility?

A. Inorganic salts
B. Yellow bone marrow
C. Collagen fibers
D. Trabeculae
E. Elastic fibers

tissue.
Learning Objective: 07.02.08 Describe the composition of bone's matrix.
Section: 07.02e
35. Osteoid is the:

A. organic part of the bone matrix that gives it rigidity.
B. organic part of the bone matrix that gives it tensile strength.
C. inorganic part of the bone matrix that gives it rigidity.
D. inorganic part of the bone matrix that gives it tensile strength.

tissue.
Section: 07.02e
7-
36. What gives bone its compressional strength?

A. Yellow bone marrow
B. Reticular fibers
C. Inorganic salts
D. Red bone marrow
E. Endosteum

tissue.
Section: 07.02e
37. If a bone is immersed in a weak acid such as vinegar for several days, its inorganic
components will dissolve. What will be the result of such an experiment?
A. The bone will dissolve completely.
B. The compact bone will dissolve, leaving only the inner spongy bone.
C. The bone will become extremely brittle.
D. The bone will become soft and bendable.
E. The spongy bone will dissolve, leaving only the outer compact bone.

tissue.
Section: 07.02e
7-
38. What would be the effect on bone growth of insufficient dietary calcium?
A. There would be no effect, since the body is able to synthesize calcium.
B. The matrix would be softer.
C. The bone would be less flexible.
D. The epiphyseal plates would ossify earlier in development.
E. There would be increased formation of spongy bone.

HAPS Objective: F05.03 Explain the roles of calcitonin, parathyroid hormone and calcitriol
in bone remodeling and blood calcium regulation.
Section: 07.02e
Short Answer Questions
39. Describe the stimulus for bone resorption and how resorption is carried out at the cellular
and chemical levels.
When blood calcium is low, resorption is stimulated. Lysosymes of osteoclasts degrade

osteoid by secreting digestive enzymes; hydrocholoric acid dissolves the inorganic matrix.

Learning Objective: 07.02.09 Explain bone matrix formation and resorption.
Section: 07.02e
7-
40. What are the matrix rings of compact bone that surround the central canal of each osteon?
A. Canaliculi
B. Concentric lamellae
C. Circumferential lamellae
D. Perforating canals
E. Interstitial lamellae

spongy bone.
Learning Objective: 07.02.10 Compare the structure of compact bone and spongy bone.
Section: 07.02e
41. In compact bone, ___________ connect adjacent lacunae, thereby providing pathways for
nutrients and other materials to pass between osteocytes.
A. osteonic canals
B. blood vessels
C. lamellae
D. canaliculi
E. perforating canals

spongy bone.
Section: 07.02e
7-
42. Compact bone:

A. is located deep to spongy bone in the diaphysis.
B. is composed of tubular units called osteons.
C. has a brace-like arrangement of trabeculae.
D. is avascular.
E. All of the choices are correct.

spongy bone.
Section: 07.02e
43. Which is not correct about spongy bone?

A. Its spaces hold red bone marrow.
B. It is located deep to compact bone.
C. It forms diploe in the cranial bones.
D. It is composed of tubular units called osteons.
E. It is located in the epiphyses of long bones.

spongy bone.
Section: 07.02e
7-
44. Spongy bone:

A. contains no osteocytes.
B. has spaces filled with yellow marrow.
C. is composed of tubular units called osteons.
D. forms diploe in the cranial bones.
E. All of the choices are correct.

spongy bone.
Section: 07.02e
45. Mature cartilage is avascular.

TRUE

Learning Objective: 07.02.11 Analyze the structure of hyaline cartilage and the cells in its
matrix.
Section: 07.02f
7-
46. Which is characteristic of cartilage connective tissue?

A. Gel-like ground substance
B. Matrix of protein fibers
C. Cells called chondrocytes
D. Avascular

matrix.
Section: 07.02f
47. Hyaline cartilage contains a ______ percentage of water; cartilage cells reside in small
spaces called ________.
A. low, lacunae
B. low, canaliculi
C. high, lacunae
D. high, canaliculi

matrix.
Section: 07.02f
7-
48. Before beginning orthodontic treatment, a patient may have her wrist and hand x-rayed to
determine her stage of growth. What long bone feature will the orthodontist use to assess this?
A. Osteon
B. Periosteum
C. Spongy bone
D. Epiphyseal plate
E. Compact bone

Section: 07.02c
49. The formation of bone from a cartilaginous model is termed:

A. mesenchymal ossification.
B. intramembranous ossification.
C. bone remodeling.
D. orthodontia.
E. endochondral ossification.

HAPS Objective: F04.02 Compare and contrast intramembranous and endochondral
(intracartilaginous) bone formation.
HAPS Topic: Module F04 Physiology of embryonic bone formation (ossification,
osteogenesis).
Learning Objective: 07.04.03 Explain the steps in endochondral ossification of a long bone.
Section: 07.04b
7-
50. When bone forms by intramembranous ossification, the ossification centers are within:
A. hyaline cartilage.
B. compact bone.
C. mesenchyme.
D. elastic cartilage.
E. spongy bone.

osteogenesis).
Learning Objective: 07.04.02 Explain the four main steps in intramembranous ossification.
Section: 07.04a
51. Which bone forms by intramembranous ossification?

A. Zygomatic
B. Radius
C. Axis
D. Hamate
E. First metatarsal

osteogenesis).
Learning Objective: 07.04.01 Identify bones that are produced by intramembranous
ossification.
Section: 07.04a
7-
52. Which choice places the steps of intramembranous ossification in correct chronological
order?
a: Formation of lamellar bone
b: Osteoid undergoes calcification
c: Ossification centers form
d: Formation of woven bone and its periosteum
A. b - a - c - d
B. c - b - d - a
C. c - b - a - d
D. a - c - d - b
E. b - c - d - a

osteogenesis).
Section: 07.04a
53. Most of the bones of the upper and lower limbs are formed by intramembranous
ossification.
FALSE

osteogenesis).
Learning Objective: 07.04.04 Differentiate between intramembranous ossification and
endochondral ossification.
Section: 07.04b
7-
54. Endochondral ossification begins with a(n) _________ model.

A. mesenchyme
B. dense connective tissue
C. hyaline cartilage
D. membranous
E. osteoid

osteogenesis).
Section: 07.04b
55. When during human development does the process of ossification begin?
A. 12 weeks after birth
B. 12th-13th week of embryonic development
C. 8th-9th month of fetal development
D. 3-4 months of age
E. 10-25 years of age

osteogenesis).
Section: 07.04a
7-
56. The steps in the process of endochondral ossification are

a: Ossification center forms in the diaphysis.
b: Cartilage calcifies and a bone collar forms.
c: Ossification centers form in the epiphyses.
d: Bone replaces cartilage.
e: Epiphyseal plates ossify.
f: Cartilage model develops.
The correct chronological order for these steps is:
A. f. - b. - c. - d. - a. - e.
B. b. - c. - f. - a. - e. - d.
C. a. - c. - b. - d. - e. - f.
D. f. - b. - a. - c. - d. - e.
E. a. - e. - c. - d. - b. - f.

osteogenesis).
Section: 07.04b
7-
57. During the process of endochondral ossification, chondrocytes in the cartilage model die.
Why does this occur?
A. Blood supply to the cartilage is cut off by the developing periosteum.
B. Canaliculi connecting adjacent chondrocyte lacunae fuse.
C. Nutrients cannot diffuse to the chondrocytes through the calcified matrix.
D. The developing bone collar secretes enzymes that destroy the chondrocytes.
E. Phagocytic osteoclasts in the new bone engulf and destroy the chondrocytes.

HAPS Objective: F04.01 Explain the roles osteogenic cells play in the formation of bone
tissue.
osteogenesis).
Section: 07.04b
7-
58. The zones found in an epiphyseal plate are

a: Calcified cartilage
b: Hypertrophic cartilage
c: Ossification
d: Resting cartilage
e: Proliferating cartilage
The correct order for these zones, beginning with the edge closest to the epiphysis and
proceeding toward the diaphysis, is:
A. c - a - b - e - d
B. d - b - e - a - c
C. e - d - a - c - b
D. c - d - e - a - b
E. d - e - b - a - c

tissue.
osteogenesis).
Section: 07.04b
59. Within which zone of the epiphyseal plate do cartilage cells undergo mitosis?
A. The zone closest to the medullary cavity
B. The zone closest to the epiphysis
C. The second closest bone to the medullary cavity
D. The second closest zone to the epiphysis

tissue.
osteogenesis).
Learning Objective: 07.05.01 Compare and contrast the five zones of the epiphyseal plate,
and describe how growth in length occurs there.
Section: 07.05a
7-
60. Which is an accurate description of appositional bone growth?

A. Osteoblasts build bone at the circumferential lamellae while osteoclasts widen the
medullary cavity.
B. Osteoclasts build bone at the concentric lamellae while osteoblasts build bone at the
interstitial lamellae.
C. Osteoblasts build bone at the concentric lamellae while osteoclasts build bone at the
epiphyses.
D. Osteocytes build bone at the interstitial lamellae while osteoclasts expand the length of the
medullary cavity.
E. Osteocytes and osteoclasts expand the bone at its epiphyses, chondrocytes construct
cartilage.

Learning Objective: 07.05.02 Describe the steps of appositional growth.
Section: 07.05a
61. Bone growth in which the bone increases in diameter is called:

A. interstitial growth.
B. epiphyseal growth.
C. appositional growth.
D. endosteal growth.
E. cancellous bone growth.

Learning Objective: 07.05.02 Describe the steps of appositional growth.
Section: 07.05a
7-
62. Which is not true about bone remodeling?

A. It occurs throughout life.
B. It assists in the maintenance of calcium and phosphate levels in the body.
C. It occurs at both the endosteal and periosteal surfaces of the bone.
D. It occurs only at articular surfaces.
E. It can occur in response to stress on a bone.

HAPS Objective: F05.04 Contrast the remodeling processes of a child (birth to adolescence)
and an adult (middle to old age).
Section: 07.05b
63. The type of bone tissue that is replaced more frequently is ________ bone; the part of the
femur that is replaced more frequently is the __________.
A. compact, distal epiphysis
B. compact, diaphysis
C. spongy, distal epiphysis
D. spongy, diaphysis

Section: 07.05b
7-
64. Mechanical stress of bones, such as that caused by weight lifting, is detected by:
A. osteocytes, which then communicate to osteoblasts to increase synthesis of osteoid.
B. osteoclasts, which then communicate to osteocytes to increase the size of lacunae.
C. chondrocytes, which then trigger osteoblasts to increase bone in a lengthwise fashion.
D. osteoblasts, which then communicate to osteocytes and osteoclasts to deposit more
hydroxyapatite.

Learning Objective: 07.05.04 Explain the effect of mechanical stress on bone remodeling.
Section: 07.05b
65. The epiphyseal plates in the _________ are the last ones in the body to ossify.
A. femur
B. humerus
C. clavicle
D. radius
E. tibia

Section: 07.04b
7-
66. Which hormone inhibits rather than stimulates bone growth?

A. Calcitonin
B. Estrogen and testosterone
C. Thyroid hormone
D. Parathyroid hormone
E. Growth hormone

Learning Objective: 07.05.05 Identify the hormones that influence bone growth and bone
remodeling, and describe their effects.
Section: 07.05c
67. Glucocorticoids increase bone ________; high levels of serotonin lead to _____ bone
density.
A. formation, high
B. formation, low
C. loss, high
D. loss, low

Section: 07.05c
7-
68. Which vitamin is required for the normal synthesis of collagen?

A. Vitamin D
B. Vitamin B
C. Vitamin A
D. Vitamin C
E. Vitamin K

tissue.
Section: 07.02e
69. To trigger bone growth, growth hormone stimulates the:

A. liver to produce somatomedin.
B. liver to produce calcitonin.
C. brain to produce serotonin.
D. parathyroid to produce parathyroid hormone.
E. thyroid to produce calcitriol.

Section: 07.05c
7-
70. What explains the dramatic acceleration in lengthwise bone growth at puberty?
A. Increased activity of osteoclasts occurs in response to parathyroid hormone stimulation.
B. Increased rate of calcium deposition occurs due to high blood calcium levels.
C. Increased physical activity causes lengthwise growth in response to bone stress.
D. Increased secretion of sex hormones promotes epiphyseal plate growth.
E. Increased absorption of dietary vitamins and minerals strengthens the matrix.

Section: 07.05c
71. Rickets, a disease characterized by overproduction and deficient calcification of osteoid

tissue, is caused by a lack of sufficient:
A. Vitamin D.
B. Calcitonin.
C. Thyroid hormone.
D. Vitamin A.
E. Vitamin C.

HAPS Objective: F10.02 Predict the types of problems that would occur in the body if the
skeletal system and articulations could not maintain homeostasis.
HAPS Topic: Module F10 Predictions related to homeostatic imbalance, including disease
states & disorders.
Learning Objective: 07.06.01 Explain the activation of vitamin D to calcitriol.
Section: 07.06a
7-
72. Calcitriol stimulates absorption of calcium in the small intestine.

TRUE

Section: 07.06a
73. For most individuals the main source of vitamin D is dietary intake of milk.
TRUE

Section: 07.06a
7-
74. Calcidiol circulates in the blood and is converted to calcitriol in the:

A. kidney.
B. skin.
C. liver.
D. bone.

Section: 07.06a
75. In the kidneys, parathyroid hormone acts to ________ production of calcitriol and to
________ excretion of calcium in urine.
A. increase, increase
B. increase, decrease
C. decrease, decrease
D. decrease, increase

Learning Objective: 07.06.03 Explain how parathyroid hormone and calcitriol function
together to regulate blood calcium levels.
Section: 07.06b
7-
76. Parathyroid hormone and calcitriol:

A. stimulate osteoclasts to resorb bone and release calcium into the blood.
B. stimulate osteoblasts to deposit bone by producing calcified matrix.
C. stimulate osteoblasts to resorb bone and lower blood calcium levels.
D. stimulate osteoclasts to move calcium from the blood and into the bone.

Learning Objective: 07.06.03 Explain how parathyroid hormone and calcitriol function
together to regulate blood calcium levels.
Section: 07.06b
77. Parathyroid hormone release is triggered by _______ levels of calcium in the blood.
A. high
B. low

Learning Objective: 07.06.02 Discuss the release of parathyroid hormone.
Section: 07.06b
7-
78. Parathyroid hormone is released by the thyroid gland and causes the small intestine to
increase calcium absorption.
FALSE

Learning Objective: 07.06.02 Discuss the release of parathyroid hormone.
Section: 07.06b
79. High blood calcium and exercise cause calcitonin release to:
A. increase.
B. decrease.

Learning Objective: 07.06.04 Discuss the homeostatic system involving the hormone
calcitonin and its effect on blood calcium levels.
Section: 07.06c
7-
80. Calcitonin _________ osteoclast activity and _______ excretion of calcium from the
kidney.
A. stimulates, increases
B. stimulates, decreases
C. inhibits, increases
D. inhibits, decreases

Section: 07.06c
81. Which hormone normally has a more significant effect on blood calcium levels in adults?
A. Calcitonin
B. Parathyroid hormone

Section: 07.06b
7-
82. Which is the definition for a greenstick fracture?

A. The bone is twisted as it fractures.
B. The fracture is at right angles to the long axis of the bone.
C. The bone is splintered into several fragments.
D. Only one side of the bone is broken; the other side is bent.
E. The fracture is at an oblique angle to the long axis of the bone.

states & disorders.
Learning Objective: 07.08.01 Explain the four steps by which fractures heal.
Section: 07.05c
83. A fracture parallel to the long axis of the bone is a(n) _________ fracture.
A. transverse
B. oblique
C. linear
D. comminuted
E. medial

states & disorders.
Section: 07.05c
7-
84. The break of a bone that has been weakened by disease is a ________fracture; when a
broken end of the bone pierces the skin, the fracure is ________.
A. stress, greenstick.
B. epiphyseal, stress.
C. greenstick, simple.
D. pathologic, compound.
E. pathologic, simple.

states & disorders.
Section: 07.08
85. Which is not involved in the process of bone repair following a fracture?
A. Fibroblasts produce collagen fibers to connect broken pieces of bone.
B. A fibrocartilaginous callus serves as a model for new bone growth.
C. Osteoclasts remove excess bone from the hard callus.
D. The fracture hematoma reorganizes to form a procallus.
E. No exceptions; all of the choices are involved in the process of bone repair.

Section: 07.08
7-
86. During bone repair, how long does the stage of the bony callus last?
A. 12-24 hours
B. 3-4 months
C. 1-2 years
D. 8-10 days
E. 1-2 weeks

Section: 07.08
87. The process of bone repair includes these steps:

a: Fracture hematoma forms
b: Bone is remodeled
c: Fibrocartilaginous callus forms
d: Bony callus forms
The correct chronological order for these steps is
A. a - c - d - b
B. a - b - d - c
C. c - d - b - a
D. d - a - b - c
E. b - a - c - d

Section: 07.08
7-
88. Which sex tends to lose more bone mass with aging?
A. Women
B. Men

HAPS Objective: F10.01 Predict factors or situations affecting the skeletal system and
articulations that could disrupt homeostasis.
states & disorders.
Learning Objective: 07.07.01 Describe how age influences bone structure.
Section: 07.07
89. With aging comes insufficient ossification of bone, a condition known as _________.
osteopenia

states & disorders.
Section: 07.07
7-
90. Which is a change in bone architecture or mass related to aging?

A. Insufficient calcification
B. Demineralization
C. Reduction in the organic content of the matrix
D. Loss of flexibility and increase in brittleness

HAPS Objective: F10.01 Predict factors or situations affecting the skeletal system and
articulations that could disrupt homeostasis.
states & disorders.
Section: 07.07
7-
91. This figure shows the gross anatomy of a long bone. Which number indicates the
periosteum?
A. 1
B. 2
C. 3
D. 4
E. 5

Figure: 07.03
Section: 07.02c
7-
92. This figure shows the gross anatomy of a long bone. Which number indicates the articular
cartilage?
A. 1
B. 2
C. 3
D. 4
E. 5

Figure: 07.03
Section: 07.02c
7-
93. This figure shows the gross anatomy of a long bone. What bone feature does number 1
indicate?
A. Epiphyseal line
B. Trabeculae
C. Osteon
D. Canaliculus
E. Perforating canal

Figure: 07.07b
Section: 07.02c
94. This figure illustrates the cell types found in bone. Which number indicates an osteocyte?
A. 1
B. 2
C. 3
D. 4
E. 5

Figure: 07.07b
spongy bone.
Section: 07.02e
7-
95. This figure illustrates the cell types found in bone. Which type of cell secretes osteoid?
A. 1
B. 2
C. 3
D. 4
E. None of the choices is correct

Figure: 07.07b
spongy bone.
Section: 07.02e
96. This figure illustrates the cell types found in bone. What type of cell does number 3
indicate?
A. Osteocyte
B. Osteoblast
C. Osteoprogenitor cell
D. Bone-lining cell
E. Osteoclast

Figure: 07.07b
spongy bone.
Section: 07.02e
7-
97. This figure illustrates the components of compact bone. Which number indicates a region
of concentric lamellae?
A. 1
B. 2
C. 3
D. 4
E. 5

Figure: 07.07a
spongy bone.
Section: 07.02e
98. This figure illustrates the components of compact bone. Number 5 indicates passageways
called
A. Central canals
B. Perforating canals
C. Penetrating canals
D. Canaliculi
E. Interstitial canals

Figure: 07.07a
spongy bone.
Section: 07.02e
7-
99. This figure illustrates the components of compact bone. Number 1 indicates
A. External circumferential lamellae
B. Interstitial lamellae
C. Concentric lamellae
D. Internal circumferential lamellae
E. Cortical lamellae

Figure: 07.12
spongy bone.
Section: 07.02e
7-
100. This figure illustrates epiphyseal plate morphology. Which is the zone of proliferating
cartilage?
A. 1
B. 2
C. 3
D. 4
E. 5

Figure: 07.12
Section: 07.05a
101. This figure illustrates epiphyseal plate morphology. Which zones are considered to be
bone tissue?
A. 3, 4, 5
B. 4, 5
C. 5
D. 1
E. 1, 2, 3

Figure: 07.12
osteogenesis).
Section: 07.05a
7-
102. This figure illustrates epiphyseal plate morphology. In which zone are minerals
deposited in the matrix?
A. 1
B. 2
C. 3
D. 4
E. 5

Figure: 07.12
Section: 07.05a
103. Since cartilage must be continuously replaced in the body, appositional and interstitial
growth of cartilage continues throughout life.
FALSE

Section: 07.03
7-
104. In adults, an area of compact bone called the epiphyseal tract replaces the epiphyseal
plate.
FALSE

Section: 07.04b
105. Osteoblasts are bone-forming cells; osteoclasts are bone-dissolving cells.

TRUE

Section: 07.02e
106. Osteons run perpendicular to the diaphysis of a long bone.

FALSE

spongy bone.
Section: 07.02e
7-
107. Endochondral ossification is a form of bone growth in which a cartilaginous model is

replaced by bone.
TRUE

osteogenesis).
Section: 07.04b
108. The flat bones of the cranium form by intramembranous ossification.

TRUE

osteogenesis).
Section: 07.04a
109. Further lengthwise bone growth cannot occur once the epiphyseal lines have formed.
TRUE

Section: 07.04b
7-
110. Once we reach adulthood and our bones are fully formed and hardened, they cannot be
remodeled.
FALSE

Section: 07.05b
111. About 80% of the human skeleton is replaced yearly as a result of bone remodeling.
FALSE

Section: 07.05b
7-
112. In general, the mechanical stresses on bones that result from exercise tend to weaken
them and lead to more frequent fractures.
FALSE

Learning Objective: 07.05.04 Explain the effect of mechanical stress on bone remodeling.
Section: 07.05b
113. Chondrocytes occupy spaces in the matrix called _________.

lacunae

system.
Section: 07.01
7-
114. The growth patterns of cartilage include interstitial growth (from within) and _________
growth (from without).
appositional

Section: 07.03
115. Found within both the periosteum and endosteum, _________ cells are derived from
mesenchyme and serve as the stem cells of bone.
osteoprogenitor

Section: 07.02e
116. During bone formation, calcium phosphate and calcium hydroxide interact to form
crystals of _________, which serve to harden the matrix.
hydroxyapatite

tissue.
Section: 07.02e
7-
117. Osteons are also called _________ systems.

Haversian

spongy bone.
Section: 07.02e
118. A fracture of the distal end of the radius is a _________ fracture.

Colles

states & disorders.
Section: 07.05c
7-
119. Spongy bone makes up less than half of total bone mass, and is located internal to
compact bone.
TRUE

tissue.
Learning Objective: 07.01.01 Compare and contrast compact and spongy bone.
Section: 07.01
7-

Anatomy and Physiology 1st Edition Mckinley Test Bank

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Description:

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

Anatomy and Physiology 1st Edition Mckinley Test Bank

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

Anatomy and Physiology 1st Edition

McKinley Test Bank

Multiple Choice Questions

1. Which is an alternate term for compact bone?

Bloom's Level: 1. Remember

2. What is the function of cartilage located in the epiphyseal plates?

Bloom's Level: 3. Apply

3. Which type of cartilage is found in the intervertebral discs?

Bloom's Level: 1. Remember

4. Which is not a function of bone?

Bloom's Level: 1. Remember

5. Where does hemopoiesis occur?

Bloom's Level: 1. Remember

6. Bone is considered an important storage reservoir for:

Bloom's Level: 3. Apply

Bloom's Level: 1. Remember

8. The bones of the wrist are classified as _____ bones.

Bloom's Level: 1. Remember

9. Which is a sesamoid bone?

Bloom's Level: 1. Remember

10. An example of a flat bone would be the:

Bloom's Level: 1. Remember

11. Flat bones:

Bloom's Level: 2. Understand

Bloom's Level: 4. Analyze

13. Which region of a growing bone contains the epiphyseal plate?

Bloom's Level: 1. Remember

Bloom's Level: 1. Remember

Fill in the Blank Questions

15. The shaft of a long bone is called the _________.

Bloom's Level: 1. Remember

Bloom's Level: 1. Remember

Multiple Choice Questions

Bloom's Level: 1. Remember

18. Which is not true about periosteum?

Bloom's Level: 4. Analyze

Bloom's Level: 1. Remember

True / False Questions

20. Neither short nor flat bones contain a medullary cavity.

Bloom's Level: 1. Remember

Fill in the Blank Questions

Bloom's Level: 1. Remember

Multiple Choice Questions

22. Bone is ________ and contains mainly ________ nerves.

Bloom's Level: 1. Remember

True / False Questions

Bloom's Level: 2. Understand

Multiple Choice Questions

24. Severe anemia may trigger an adaptive conversion of:

Bloom's Level: 4. Analyze

Bloom's Level: 3. Apply

Bloom's Level: 1. Remember

Bloom's Level: 1. Remember

True / False Questions

28. An osteoclast has a ruffled border and multiple nuclei.

Bloom's Level: 1. Remember

Multiple Choice Questions

Bloom's Level: 3. Apply

Bloom's Level: 4. Analyze

Bloom's Level: 1. Remember

32. Which affects osteoblast and osteoclast activity?

Bloom's Level: 5. Evaluate

Bloom's Level: 2. Understand

22. Bone is and contains mainly nerves.