Flight Planning e Evaluation Software

Leica FPES10
Flight Planning & Evaluation Software

User Guide - On-Line Help
May 2010 - Version 10.1-5

Copyright Leica Geosystems AG, Heerbrugg Switzerland, 2010
Printed in Switzerland
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Chapter 0Table of Content
General about Leica FPES10. .................... 17

Leica FPES10 Introduction................................................................19
Leica FPES10 features....................................................................................19
Workflow ................................................................................................... .19
Project management ....................................................................................19
Flight planning ........................................................................................... .19
Flight Evaluation ..........................................................................................20
Tools......................................................................................................... .20
Reviewing the Leica FPES10 Workflow. .........................................................20
Flight Plan Database. .....................................................................................21
Data structure................................................................................................21
Project. ..........................................................................................................21
Flight plans ................................................................................................ .22
Links to maps............................................................................................. .22
Links to DTM .............................................................................................. .22
Ground Control Points ................................................................................. .22
Graphic Objects .......................................................................................... .22
Flight Plan. ....................................................................................................23
AOI. ...............................................................................................................24
Lines. .............................................................................................................24
Events............................................................................................................24
Starting Leica FPES10. ...................................................................................25
Using Leica FPES10 Workspace Options.........................................................25
Menu Bar. ......................................................................................................25
File ........................................................................................................... .25
Edit .......................................................................................................... .26
Project ...................................................................................................... .26
Tools......................................................................................................... .28
Configuration ............................................................................................. .29
View ......................................................................................................... .29
Window ..................................................................................................... .31
Help.......................................................................................................... .31
Toolbar. .........................................................................................................32
Leica FPES10 Buttons .................................................................................. .32
Select/Measure/Split Flight Line .................................................................... .32
Draw AOI/Corridor/Flight Line ...................................................................... .32
Draw Graphic Objects ‘Polygon/Polyline/Line/Point’ ......................................... .33
LPS Buttons ................................................................................................33
Tool Panels. ...................................................................................................34
Leica Geosystems AG /3
ViewPort. ...................................................................................................... 34
Data Import and Export................................................................................. 35
Flight Planning Data Import ......................................................................... .35
Graphic Flight Planning Data Export .............................................................. .35
Ground Control Point Import ........................................................................ .36
Graphic Object Import ................................................................................ .36
Text and Numeric Data Export ..................................................................... .36
Import of Flight Planning ............................................................................. .36
Import of Flights for Evaluation .................................................................... .37
Export for Flight Execution........................................................................... .37
Multi-Sensor Flight Planning. ........................................................................ 38
General..................................................................................................... .38
Duplicate Flight Plan ................................................................................... .38
Duplicate Flight Plan for Different Sensor....................................................... .38
ASCOT-Specific Information. ......................................................................... 39
ASCOT Terminology.................................................................................... .39
Importing Existing ASCOT Flight Plans .......................................................... .39
RC30 Data Annotation During ASCOT Flight Execution ..................................... .39
Line Labelling ............................................................................................ .39
Export of FPES Flight Plans to ASCOT Flight Execution ..................................... .40
ASCOT Configuration During Flight Execution ................................................. .40
Import of ASCOT Flights to Leica FPES10....................................................... .40
Flight Plan Limitation for Flight Execution in ASCOT......................................... .40
GPS Raw Data Conversion to RINEX.............................................................. .40
Using Coordinate Systems, Spheroids and Datums. .......................... 41
Overview. ...................................................................................................... 41
Coordinate Transformation............................................................................ 42
Add user defined Surface Datum. .................................................................. 42
Select predefined Coordinate Systems. ......................................................... 43
Define and select customized Coordinate System.......................................... 43
Example: Setup of a Customized Coordinate System with predefined data ......... .44
Add customized Coordinate System............................................................... 44
Define and select user defined Coordinate System. ....................................... 47
Check Coordinate Transformation and Datum. .............................................. 48
Example 1: Check of Coordinate Transformation and Datum ............................ .48
Example 2: Check of Coordinate Transformation and Datum ........................... .48
Check Numerical Coordinates for a Digitized Object. ..................................... 49
How to Modify the Datum. ............................................................................. 50
How to add a Surface Datum. ........................................................................ 51
Example: Add Surface Datum to spheroid.tab ................................................ .51
Example: Set Up a Customized Surface Coordinate System.............................. .52
Using DTM in Leica FPES10............................................................... 55
Important...................................................................................................... 55
Application Preferences Settings. .................................................................. 55
Computation.............................................................................................. .56
Computation with DTM. ................................................................................. 56
Footprints ................................................................................................ .56
Thresholds ................................................................................................ .56
RC30 Film Frame Camera ............................................................................ .56
ADS80 Airborne Digital Sensor ..................................................................... .57
Graphic Properties Settings. ..........................................................................57
Flight Plan Preferences Settings. ...................................................................58
Redraw Footprints Using DTM. .......................................................................58
Show Planned Footprints using DTM .............................................................. .59
Show Flown Footprints using DTM ................................................................. .59
Flights....................................................................................................... .59
Flight Level ................................................................................................ .60
Recorded Flight Plan Level ........................................................................... .60
Recorded Flight Line Level............................................................................ .60
Event ........................................................................................................ .62
Leica FPES10 Workspace. ......................... 63

Project Explorer. ..............................................................................65
Global Folders. ...............................................................................................65
Ortho Items ................................................................................................65
DTMs ........................................................................................................ .65
Flights....................................................................................................... .65
Ground Control Points ................................................................................. .65
Graphic Objects .......................................................................................... .65
Flight Plan Folders. ........................................................................................66
Flight Plan Node ..........................................................................................66
Flight Line Node ..........................................................................................66
Event Node ................................................................................................ .66
AOIs (Area of Interest) .................................................................................66
Property View. .................................................................................69
Refresh the list ........................................................................................... .69
Go to Parent .............................................................................................. .69
Export data grid ..........................................................................................69
Customize data columns .............................................................................. .69
Help on the Property View............................................................................ .69
[CellArray]................................................................................................. .69
Data View. .......................................................................................71
Refresh the List .......................................................................................... .71
Go to Parent .............................................................................................. .71
Export Data Grid..........................................................................................71
Customize Data Columns ............................................................................. .71
[CellArray]................................................................................................. .71
Customize Data View. ......................................................................73
Available Presets. ..........................................................................................73
Preset ....................................................................................................... .73
Save this Preset ..........................................................................................73
Delete this Preset ....................................................................................................73
Preset Details. ...............................................................................................73
Group ....................................................................................................... .73
Order ....................................................................................................... .73
[Available List]........................................................................................... .73
Add / remove items .................................................................................... .74
Format items ............................................................................................. .74
[Show List] ............................................................................................... .74
Graphic Properties. .......................................................................... 75
TAB Layers. ................................................................................................... 75
TAB Planning. ................................................................................................ 76
Events ...................................................................................................... .76
Labels....................................................................................................... .76
Lines ........................................................................................................ .76
AOIs......................................................................................................... .76
DTM Outlines ............................................................................................. .76
TAB Footprints............................................................................................... 77
Events ...................................................................................................... .77
Lines ........................................................................................................ .77
AOIs......................................................................................................... .77
TAB Evaluation. ............................................................................................. 78
Flown Event Footprints................................................................................ .78
Flown Line Footprints .................................................................................. .78
Flight Path / Flown Lines - (all)..................................................................................78
TAB Control Points. ....................................................................................... 79
Labels....................................................................................................... .79
Alignment ................................................................................................. .79
TAB Selection. ............................................................................................... 79
Selection................................................................................................... .79
Selection Handles....................................................................................... .79
Quick Menus. .................................................................................. 81
Project. ......................................................................................................... 81
Properties ................................................................................................. .81
DTM Properties .......................................................................................... .81
Link Map ................................................................................................... .81
Link DTM................................................................................................... .81
Add Flight Plan........................................................................................... .81
Redraw ..................................................................................................... .81
Flights. .......................................................................................................... 81
Redraw Footprints ...................................................................................... .81
Hide/Show ................................................................................................ .81
Flight............................................................................................................. 81
Properties ................................................................................................. .81
Hide/Show ................................................................................................ .82
Show Track ............................................................................................... .82
Recorded Flight Plan. .................................................................................... 82
Hide/Show ................................................................................................ .82
Optimal Zoom............................................................................................ .82
Recorded Flight Line...................................................................................... 82
Investigate ................................................................................................ .82
Hide/Show ................................................................................................. .82
Accept....................................................................................................... .82
Reject ....................................................................................................... .82
Sun Angles ................................................................................................ .82
Optimal Zoom .............................................................................................82
Recenter ................................................................................................... .82
Redraw Footprints....................................................................................... .83
Ground Control Points - Node. .......................................................................83
Add Control Point........................................................................................ .83
Import ...................................................................................................... .83
Hide/Show ................................................................................................. .83
Ground Control Point. ....................................................................................83
Properties ...................................................................................................83
Delete ....................................................................................................... .83
Hide/Show ................................................................................................. .83
Recenter ................................................................................................... .83
Graphic Objects Node. ...................................................................................83
New Subfolder.............................................................................................83
Import ...................................................................................................... .83
Hide/Show ................................................................................................. .83
Graphic Object - Visible/Graphic Object - Invisible........................................84
Properties ...................................................................................................84
Delete ....................................................................................................... .84
Recenter ................................................................................................... .84
Optimal Zoom.........................................................................................................84
Hide/Show ................................................................................................. .84
Flight Plan Active/Flight Plan Inactive...........................................................84
Preferences................................................................................................ .84
Compute ................................................................................................... .84
Make Active Flight Plan .................................................................................84
Hide/Show ................................................................................................. .84
Import ...................................................................................................... .84
Export....................................................................................................... .84
Delete ....................................................................................................... .84
Add AOI .................................................................................................... .85
Add Flight Line ........................................................................................... .85
Duplicate ................................................................................................... .85
Duplicate for different Sensor ....................................................................... .85
Flight Line Sequence ....................................................................................85
Optimal Zoom .............................................................................................85
Redraw Footprints....................................................................................... .85
Calculate Remaining parts............................................................................ .85
Reset to Planning........................................................................................ .85
Flight Lines - Node. ........................................................................................85
Flight Line Sequence ....................................................................................85
AOI/AOI - Nodes. ..........................................................................................85
Properties ................................................................................................. .85
Compute ................................................................................................... .86
Investigate................................................................................................ .86
Delete ...................................................................................................... .86
Add Flight Line........................................................................................... .86
Duplicate .................................................................................................. .86
Deactivate/Activate .................................................................................... .86
Hide/Show ................................................................................................ .86
Lock/Unlock............................................................................................... .86
Find Min/Max ............................................................................................. .86
Optimal Zoom............................................................................................ .86
Recenter ................................................................................................... .86
Sun Angles ................................................................................................ .87
Calculate Remaining parts ........................................................................... .87
Reset to Planning ....................................................................................... .87
View. ............................................................................................................. 87
Drawing Mode............................................................................................ .87
Empty (no selection) .................................................................................. .87
Color. .............................................................................................. 89
Basic Colors................................................................................................... 89
Custom Colors. .............................................................................................. 89
Define Custom Colors. ................................................................................... 89
Cursor Style. ................................................................................... 91
Shape. ........................................................................................................... 91
Cross. ............................................................................................................ 91
Attributes. ..................................................................................................... 91
Application Preferences................................................................... 93
TAB Planning. ................................................................................................ 93
General..................................................................................................... .93
Elevation................................................................................................... .93
Flight Level ............................................................................................... .94
Along Track ............................................................................................... .94
Across Track.............................................................................................. .94
Corridor .................................................................................................... .94
Coordinate System. ....................................................................................... 95
Preferred Coordinate System ....................................................................... .95
TAB Computation........................................................................................... 96
Warnings/Conditions................................................................................... .96
Computation.............................................................................................. .96
Computation with DTM................................................................................ .96
TAB Graphic Objects. ..................................................................................... 97
Point Properties ......................................................................................... .97
Line/Polyline Properties ............................................................................... .97
Polygon Properties...................................................................................... .97
TAB Selection. ............................................................................................... 97
Snap Radius for Points ................................................................................ .97
Snap Radius for Lines ................................................................................. .97
Type the minimum selection radius for lines in this field. ...................................97
Recenter Selected Objects ........................................................................... .97
Draw footprint for selected........................................................................... .97
TAB Application. ............................................................................................98
TAB Database. ...............................................................................................99
Database Server..........................................................................................99
Advanced settings....................................................................................... .99
TAB License Settings......................................................................................99
TAB Path. .......................................................................................................99
Path to SRTM data ‘wwwgrid.txt’................................................................... .99
Default path for Maps .................................................................................. .99
Default path for DTMs ................................................................................. .99
Flight Planning. ...................................... 101

Project Properties..........................................................................103
TAB General. ................................................................................................103
TAB Objects. ................................................................................................103
Create New Flight Plan...................................................................105
Flight Plan. ..................................................................................................105
Sensors. ........................................................................................107
Film Frame .............................................................................................. .107
Digital Frame ........................................................................................... .107
Digital Line .............................................................................................. .107
LIDAR ..................................................................................................... .107
[CellArray]............................................................................................... .107
Create a New Sensor................................................................................. .107
Edit the Selected Sensor ............................................................................ .108
Delete the Selected Sensor ........................................................................ .108
Sensor Properties. .........................................................................109
Title. ............................................................................................................109
Parameters. .................................................................................................109
Sensor Type............................................................................................. .109
Film Sensor ............................................................................................. .109
Digital Frame Sensor ................................................................................. .109
Digital Line Sensor .................................................................................... .110
LIDAR ..................................................................................................... .110
Coordinate System Selection. ........................................................111
General. .......................................................................................................111
Coordinate selection dialog..........................................................................112
Horizontal................................................................................................ .112
Vertical ................................................................................................... .112
Flight Plan Preferences. .................................................................113
TAB General. ................................................................................................113
Flight Plan ............................................................................................... .113
Sensor......................................................................................................113
Coordinate System .....................................................................................113
Line Labelling Rules ....................................................................................113
TAB Preferences. ......................................................................................... 114
General.....................................................................................................114
Elevation...................................................................................................115
Flight Level ...............................................................................................115
Along Track ...............................................................................................115
Across Track..............................................................................................116
Corridor ....................................................................................................117
TAB AOIs. .................................................................................................... 118
[CellArray] ................................................................................................119
Add a New AOI ..........................................................................................119
Edit the Selected AOI..................................................................................119
Delete the Selected AOI(s) ..........................................................................119
Export Data Grid ........................................................................................119
Customize Data Columns........................................................................................119
TAB RC30 Data Frame. ................................................................................ 119
RC30 Data Frame .......................................................................................120
RC30 Data Frame........................................................................... 121
General........................................................................................................ 121
Creating a data frame template. .................................................................. 122
Selection...................................................................................................122
Edit ..........................................................................................................124
Item Details ..............................................................................................124
Upper data frame .......................................................................................124
Lower data frame .......................................................................................124
DTM Properties.............................................................................. 125
General.....................................................................................................125
Extent ......................................................................................................125
Elevation...................................................................................................125
Operations ................................................................................................125
Graphic Object Properties. ............................................................. 127
TAB Attributes. ............................................................................................ 127
Label ........................................................................................................127
[Graphic Object] Properties .........................................................................127
TAB Data. .................................................................................................... 127
[CellArray] ................................................................................................127
Ground Control Point Properties. ................................................... 129
Ground Control Point ..................................................................................129
AOI Properties............................................................................... 131
TAB Parameters........................................................................................... 131
AOI, AOI-Corridor, AOI-Line ........................................................................131
General.....................................................................................................131
Corridor ....................................................................................................132
Elevation...................................................................................................133
Along Track ...............................................................................................133
Leica Geosystems AG / 10
Across Track ............................................................................................ .133
Flight Level .............................................................................................. .134
[CellArray]............................................................................................... .134
TAB Lines. ....................................................................................................134
Labelling Rules ......................................................................................... .134
[CellArray]............................................................................................... .134
Append a New Flight Line........................................................................... .134
Edit the Selected Flight Line ....................................................................... .134
Delete the Selected Flight Line(s)................................................................ .135
Export Data Grid....................................................................................... .135
Customize Data Columns ........................................................................... .135
TAB AOI / Corridor. .....................................................................................135
[CellArray]............................................................................................... .135
Insert / add a Point to the Polygon or Polyline .............................................. .135
Edit the Selected Point .............................................................................. .135
Delete the Selected Point(s) ....................................................................... .135
Import Polygon / Polyline Points ................................................................. .135
Export Polygon / Polyline Points .................................................................. .137
AOI Preview ............................................................................................. .137
TAB RC30 Data Frame. .................................................................................138
RC30 Data Frame ..................................................................................... .138
Flight Line Properties.....................................................................139
TAB Properties. ............................................................................................139
Line ........................................................................................................ .139
General ................................................................................................... .139
Elevation ................................................................................................. .139
Along Track ............................................................................................. .140
Flight Level .............................................................................................. .140
Coordinates ............................................................................................. .140
TAB Events...................................................................................................141
[CellArray]............................................................................................... .141
Insert New Event at Current Selection ......................................................... .141
Edit the Selected Event.............................................................................. .141
Delete the Selected Event .......................................................................... .141
Export the Current List View....................................................................... .142
Customize the Current List View ................................................................. .142
TAB RC30 Data Frame. .................................................................................142
RC30 Data Frame ..................................................................................... .142
Event Properties. ...........................................................................143
Planning. .....................................................................................................143
Object ..................................................................................................... .143
Origin ..................................................................................................... .143
Properties .......................................................................................................... . 143
Flight Properties. ...........................................................................145
Aircraft.................................................................................................... .145
Flight Number .......................................................................................... .145
UTC Start Time ..........................................................................................145
UTC End Time............................................................................................145
Flight Path Resolution .................................................................................145
Graphic Object Properties [# of Objects]........................................ 147
Attributes. ................................................................................................... 147
[Graphic object] Properties ..........................................................................147
Enter Coordinates. ........................................................................ 149
Object ......................................................................................................149
Image ......................................................................................................149
WGS84 .....................................................................................................149
Flight Line Sequence...................................................................... 151
General........................................................................................................ 151
Flight line dialog.......................................................................................... 151
Flight Lines................................................................................................151
Flight Line Investigator. ................................................................. 153
TAB Footprint. ............................................................................................. 153
Line..........................................................................................................153
Inside only ................................................................................................153
Quality .....................................................................................................153
Update .....................................................................................................153
Lower height and upper height.....................................................................153
Sliders ......................................................................................................153
Color code in graphic ..................................................................................153
X, Y..........................................................................................................154
Terrain Heights ..........................................................................................154
Image Scale / GSD / Point Density ...............................................................154
GS ...........................................................................................................154
TAB Profile. ................................................................................................. 154
Line..........................................................................................................154
Split Mode.................................................................................................154
X, Y..........................................................................................................154
Z .............................................................................................................154
Terrain Height ...........................................................................................154
ALT AGL....................................................................................................154
GS ...........................................................................................................154
Ground Point Feedback.................................................................. 155
How to work with this dialog....................................................................... 155
Dialog details. ............................................................................................. 155
Point ........................................................................................................155
Function............................................................................................................. . 155
Data displayed for function ‘Image Scale / GSD’ .............................................155
Data displayed for function ‘Overlap’ .............................................................155
Remaining Parts Options. .............................................................. 157
Safety factor in repeat ................................................................................157
Additional photos in repeat ..........................................................................157
Consider flown elements as good..................................................................157
Flight Plan Data Base. ............................. 159
Select Project to Open. ..................................................................161
[Project List] ............................................................................................ .161
Recent .................................................................................................... .161
Name...................................................................................................... .161
Description .............................................................................................. .161
Open unlocked Copy .......................................................................................... . 161
Enter Name and Description for Project to Save. ............................163
[Project List] ............................................................................................ .163
Recent .................................................................................................... .163
Name...................................................................................................... .163
Description .............................................................................................. .163
History. .........................................................................................165
Root Project ............................................................................................. .165
Selected Project ....................................................................................... .165
Ancestors ................................................................................................ .165
Descendants ............................................................................................ .165
Leica FPES10 Project Versioning. ....................................................167
The Select Project to Open Dialog. ...............................................................167
The History Dialog. ......................................................................................168
Nodes and Operations..................................................................................169
Examining the History of a Project...............................................................170
Select Project to Merge..................................................................173
[Project List] ............................................................................................ .173
Recent .................................................................................................... .173
Name...................................................................................................... .173
Description .............................................................................................. .173
Select Project to Delete. ................................................................175
[Project List] ............................................................................................ .175
Recent .................................................................................................... .175
Name...................................................................................................... .175
Description .............................................................................................. .175
Delete Flights. ...............................................................................177
[Flight List] .............................................................................................. .177
Delete Flights ........................................................................................... .177
Data Import. ........................................... 179

Select Project to Copy Graphic Objects From. .................................181
[Project List] ............................................................................................ .181
Recent .................................................................................................... .181
Name...................................................................................................... .181
Description .............................................................................................. .181
Data Import Confirmation.............................................................. 183
Coordinate Import Format........................................................................... 183
Leica FPES10 AOI Polygon ...........................................................................183
3 Parameters, Grid, Switzerland ...................................................................183
2 Parameters, Grid, Switzerland ...................................................................184
2 Parameters, Switzerland, Different Format ..................................................184
3 Parameters, Geographic ...........................................................................184
2 Parameters, Geographic ...........................................................................184
2 Parameters, Geographic, Different Format ..................................................184
[Tab]. .......................................................................................................... 185
[CellArray] ................................................................................................185
Data Interpretation ....................................................................................185
Data Export. ........................................... 187

DGN Export Options. ..................................................................... 189
Exported Options .......................................................................................189
Options.....................................................................................................189
DGN Seedfile .............................................................................................189
KML Export Options....................................................................... 191
TAB Export. ................................................................................................. 191
Export these items .....................................................................................191
Options.....................................................................................................191
TAB AOI/Corridor. ....................................................................................... 191
AOI/Corridor..............................................................................................191
AOI/Corridor Footprint ................................................................................191
TAB Flight Line. ........................................................................................... 192
Flight Line .................................................................................................192
Flight Line Footprint....................................................................................192
TAB Event. ................................................................................................... 192
Event .......................................................................................................192
Event Footprint ..........................................................................................192
TAB Flight Path............................................................................................ 193
Flight Path.................................................................................................193
Shapefile Export Options. .............................................................. 195
General........................................................................................................ 195
Shapefile Export Option dialog. ................................................................... 195
Shape Type ...............................................................................................195
Options.....................................................................................................195
ListView Export Options................................................................. 197
Items (Rows).............................................................................................197
Columns ...................................................................................................197
Raw Data Export............................................................................ 199
Options.....................................................................................................199
Delimiter...................................................................................................199
Utilities. .................................................201
Sun Angles. ...................................................................................203
Location .................................................................................................. .203
Time ....................................................................................................... .203
Sun Elevation ........................................................................................... .203
Specifics for ADS flights............................................................................. .203
TAB Elevation...............................................................................................205
TAB Azimuth. ...............................................................................................206
Both. ............................................................................................................206
Elevation ................................................................................................. .207
Azimuth .................................................................................................. .207
GS/CT. .........................................................................................................207
[CellArray]............................................................................................... .207
AeroPlan. ......................................................................................209
SRTM Data Converter.....................................................................211
Input. ..........................................................................................................211
TAB Bounding Box .................................................................................... .211
Input Files. ..................................................................................................211
Output. ........................................................................................................211
TAB Parameters........................................................................................ .211
TAB Results ............................................................................................. .212
Create TIFF World File. ...................................................................215
How to proceed ........................................................................................ .215
Collected Points ........................................................................................ .216
TFW Parameters ....................................................................................... .216
Index. ............................................................................................217
Chapter 1•General about Leica FPES10
Leica FPES10 Introduction
Flight Planning and Evaluation Software (FPES) features
Leica FPES10 features
Workflow
• Seamless data flow from flight planning to photogrammetry
• Flight plan output for flight execution with Leica FCMS and ASCOT
• Flexible data export for further use of all flight data
• Output of calculated and summarized data for flight preparation
• Flexible data import and data export in different formats like *.txt, *.xls, *.shp, *.dgn,
*.kml
• Upgrade path from ASCOT - import of existing mission plans
Project management
• Output of calculated and summarized data for proposals and invoicing
• Flight plan database enabling easy and efficient data handling of large projects
• Check of progress in project
Flight planning
• Efficient flight planning for all types of sensors including Leica ADS80, Leica ALS60, Leica
RCD100, Leica RC30, and any other film or digital frame, line or ON/OFF sensors
• Flight planning for multi-sensor systems
• Flight planning using all common types of geographic and grid systems
• Interactive graphical flight planning using digital raster and vector maps
• Interactive flight planning using coordinates
• DTM taken into account to compute area coverage
• Parallel flight lines computed automatically to ensure stereoscopic coverage of areas of

any shape
• Corridor mapping feature that either splits a polyline automatically for coverage with a
minimum number of straight flight lines or generates a winding flight line for helicopter
flights.
• Comfortable editing and modification of flight plans
• Easy optimization of flight plans by comparison of various area coverage possibilities
• User definable free line labelling and definition of flight line sequence
Leica Geosystems AG Leica FPES10 Introduction / 19

• Output of calculated and summarized data for flight preparation, proposals, flight
reporting and invoicing
Flight Evaluation
• Graphical presentation of the flight joined with the planning
• Evaluation of multiple flights
• Perfect data flow to further processing steps
• DTM taken into account to check area coverage of flown data
• Output of calculated and summarized data for easy flight reporting and invoicing
Tools
• Sun angle tool
• AeroPlan60 for LiDAR setup
• SRTM (Shuttle Radar Topography Mission) elevation data converter
• Georeferencing tool
• Tool to convert DTMs to georeferenced bitmaps
Reviewing the Leica FPES10 Workflow

A workflow with perfect interfaces is the key for very effective work. Leica Geosystems' proven
integrated workflow starts with Leica FPES10 for flight planning. Leica FPES10 has a perfect interface
to Leica FCMS and Leica ASCOT for flight execution. Leica FCMS ensures optimized survey flights.
After the survey flight, the flight data are transferred to Leica FPES10 for flight evaluation. This
tightly-integrated workflow uses a powerful flight plan database. This seamless interface increases
productivity and cuts cost. With Leica FPES10, managing large projects becomes an easy task.

Flight Plan Database
The core of Leica FPES10 is a relational database that ensures central data storage in a logical
structure. Fast access, and secure and flexible data management are the key features of the
database. A project is the top level in the data hierarchy.
A version number is used to identify different versions of a project in the database. Older versions
are marked as read-only. A version becomes read-only if:
• Flight plans are exported to Leica FCMS or to Leica ASCOT.
• The project was saved with ‘Save As’.
• The version number is incremented each time:
• A locked project is edited, and flight plans are exported to Leica FCMS or to Leica ASCOT.
• FPES/FCMS data is imported.
• Imported ASCOT flight data is merged with an existing project
Data structure
Leica FPES10 has a top-down data hierarchy, as follows:
• Project
• Flight Plan
• AOI (Three types: AOI, AOI-Line and AOI-Corridor)
• Line
• Event
Project
A project can be:
• Created
• Stored in the database.
• Reloaded from the database.
• Deleted from the database.
• Exported to Leica FPES10 or Leica FCMS.
• Imported

A project is a container. It holds:
Flight plans
• A project can hold one or more flight plans
• Each flight plan can have a different coordinate system or sensor.
• Only one flight plan is active and can be edited at a time.
• A non-active flight plan is hidden by default. However, you can select elements to show if
the coordinate system is the same as the active flight plan.
Links to maps
• The maps can be used for all flight plans in the project.
• The coordinate system of the map doesn’t have to be the same as the system of a flight
plan.
• If a map has no coordinate system, you must assign one when the map is loaded the first
time.
Links to DTM
• The DTMs can be used for all flight plans in the project.
• The coordinate system of the DTM must be the same as for the active flight plan.
• If a DTM has no coordinate system, you must assign one when the DTM is loaded the first
time.
• A loaded DTM can persist in the memory if a project is closed to create a new project or
to load a project form the data base.
Ground Control Points

• These are entered or imported in the coordinate system of the active flight plan or in
WGS84.
Graphic Objects
• These are entered or imported in the coordinate system of the active flight plan or in
WGS84.
• Can be imported form other projects stored in the data base
• Can be organized in sub-folders

Flight Plan
A flight plan is assigned the following:
• A coordinate system definition.
• Assigned during flight plan creation.
• Cannot be changed or edited afterwards.
For more information, see “Coordinate System Selection”.
• A sensor definition.
• Assigned during flight plan creation.
• Can be changed afterwards.
For more information, see “Sensors”.
• Default values for flight line computation:
• Are passed on to each new planned element.
• Can be edited any time during planning.
• A dataframe template, if the sensor type is RC30 or other frame:
• Can be edited any time during planning.

A flight plan can be:
• Duplicated in the project

Two options:
• Duplicate (Option for flight plan optimization by comparing plannings. Or option to create
flight plans for various sensors. Creates duplicated flight plan optimized for independent
flight execution)
• Duplicate for different sensor (Option for dual-sensor flights. Creates flight plan optimized
for simultaneous flight execution with different sensors.)
• Deleted from the project
• Made active or inactive
• Exported to ASCOT (at the project level)

AOI
An AOI (Area of Interest) can be:
• AOI (planning type AOI)
• Defined by a polygon you can edit.
• An AOI record in the database holds the lines required to cover it stereoscopically by
parallel lines.
• The AOI area can be extended by means of safety factors for line computation.
• Corridor (planning type AOI-corridor)
• Defined by a polyline you can edit.
• An AOI-corridor record in the database holds the lines required to cover the corridor
stereoscopically.
• For line computation, the corridor width can be specified and also safety factors can be
applied
• A corridor can be a broken into straight lines or can be a winding flight line
• Single Line (planning type AOI-line)
• The AOI-Line record in the database is a container that holds one individual single line.
• The individual single line is defined by a start and end point you can edit.
Lines
Lines are defined by start and end points.
• Results from the computation of the area coverage of an AOI, AOI-Corridor or AOI-Line,
• Are shortened if parts of the start or end are inactive.
• Holds a sensor configuration (for example, dataframe for RC30, height configuration for
ADS40/80, system configuration for ALS50/60).
• Holds events.
Events
Events are action points on a line.
• Are either a release pulse for a frame sensor or a start-or-stop pulse for a line sensor.
• Can be edited.

Starting Leica FPES10
You can start Leica FPES10 by selecting Leica Geosystems -> FPES -> FPES on the All Programs list,
or by double-clicking the Leica FPES10 icon on the desktop.
Using Leica FPES10 Workspace Options

The Leica FPES10 workspace is composed of the following areas: menu bar, toolbar, tool panels, and
the ViewPort.
Menu Bar
The menu bar contains the following menus:
File
Lets you select the following options:
New – Opens the Project Properties dialog. This is equivalent to clicking the New button.
Open – Opens the Select Project to Open dialog. This is equivalent to clicking the Open
button.
Import – Lets you import information from the following sources into Leica FPES10:
FPES/FCMS Data – Imports existing FPES/FCMS data using a standard file selector.
Once you import the data, it is also displayed in the Leica FPES10 workspace.
ASCOT Data – Imports an existing ASCOT flight plan using a standard file selector.
Once you import the data, it is also displayed in the Leica FPES10 workspace.
Each imported ASCOT flight plan creates a Leica FPES10 project containing one flight plan. The
coordinate system of imported ASCOT plans becomes WGS84.
If you plan a flight in ASCOT and then import it into Leica FPES10, the coordinate system of the
imported data is set to WGS84 by default. If you create a flight plan in Leica FPES10, you can
export it into ASCOT for flight execution, and then reimport it into Leica FPES10. The ASCOT data
is merged with the original Leica FPES10 planning information in the database, and the
coordinate system is restored.
External Planning – Displays a dialog that lets you import external planning in a defined
.txt file format.
[Recent files] – Displays projects you recently imported.

Save – Saves any changes you made to the existing, open project to the database. A
progress bar displays at the bottom of the Leica FPES10 workspace as the operation
completes.
Save as – Opens the Enter Name and Description for Project to Save dialog. This is
equivalent to clicking the Save as button.
If a Project is saved with the same name the version number is incremented.

Export – Lets you export the following sources from Leica FPES10 to use in another
application:
FPES/FCMS Data – Exports the project as an *.fpd file using a standard file selector.
ASCOT Flight Plan – Exports an *.fda file using a standard file selector.
With ASCOT, projects can contain only one flight plan. Exporting from Leica FPES10 to ASCOT
includes the active flight plan.
Merge with Project – Merges the current project with an existing project. The Select
Project to Merge dialog opens.
Copy Graphic Elements – Opens the Select Project to Copy Graphic Objects From
dialog.
Delete – Opens the Select Project to Delete dialog. This is equivalent to clicking the
Delete button.
Close Project – Closes the project currently displayed in the Leica FPES10 workspace.
Exit – Exits Leica FPES10 completely.
Edit
Lets you access devices and settings.
Devices – Opens the Devices dialog.
Settings – Lets you select the following settings:
Cursor Style – Specifies the edit cursor style. The Cursor Style dialog opens.
Unit Display – Opens the Unit Display Preference dialog.
Project
Lets you select the following options for customizing the display of a project in Leica FPES10:
Add Flight Plan – Opens the Create New Flight Plan dialog.
Link Map – Links a map or image to the currently displayed project. You make your selection
in a standard file selector.
Digital Raster Maps
You can use all formats supported by LPS and IMAGINE as backdrops for flight planning in
Leica FPES10. This includes the following:
• GeoTIFF
• TIFF with TFW File
• *.IMG image
The best performance is obtained if the map is in 24-bit color or 8-bit grey, or if IMAGINE
image pyramids are available. A utility in Leica FPES10 lets you georeference maps in
TIFF format and create the corresponding TFW file.
For detailed instructions on how to create a TIFF World file for georeferencing a digital raster
map, see “Create TIFF World File”.

A DTM can be converted to a bitmap and used like a digital raster map. See “DTM
Properties”.
You can display multiple ViewPorts (graphic window) at the same time in Leica FPES10,
which lets you load the same map or different maps with different projections into the
various ViewPorts. This is very powerful because the zoom factor and area can be
different in each ViewPort. This allows very accurate and detailed planning on a
topographic map at a large zoom scale in one window. At the same time, the planning
can display (in another ViewPort) on an airspace map at a smaller zoom scale showing a
good overview of the flight plan.
Recent Maps – Lets you open maps you recently viewed with Leica FPES10.
Link DTM – Links a digital terrain model to the currently displayed project. You make your
selection in a standard file selector.
DTM
You can either use:

• SRTM DTM data directly with the ‘Add SRTM link’
• DTM in the coordinate system of the flight plan with ‘Link DTM’
Leica FPES10 feature: Add SRTM link

SRTM link allows fast activation of a DTM. For most applications the height information of
SRTM DTM data is accurate enough.
Use the Leica Geosystems installer to install SRTM DTM data on your computer and define
in Leica FPES10 the path to the root of the SRTM data. During flight planning Leica
FPES10 will dynamically load to memory the SRTM data which are required to cover an
area and convert the SRTM data temporarily into the coordinate system of the active
flight plan.
Leica FPES10 loads the data if either an object is computed or if footprints are drawn.
Link DTM in the coordinate system of the flight plan
This feature allows the use of DTMs with possibly more accurate and updated height
information than it is provided by SRTM DTM data. It can take several minutes to load
such a DTM to the viewer.
For DTMs in the coordinate system of the flight plan you can use all formats supported by
LPS and IMAGINE for flight planning in Leica FPES10. Included are these most common
formats:
• ASCII XYZ (*.xyz)
• IMAGINE (*.img)
• TerraModel TIN (*.pro)
• ArcInfoGrid (*.agr)
You can also create a DTM by using SRTM data. Use either the SRTM data provided with
Leica FPES10 or the download it from the following location:
ftp://e0srp01u.ecs.nasa.gov/srtm/version2

Select one of the following types:
• SRTM1
• SRTM3
• SRTM30
Leica FPES10 provides a convenient tool to combine and cut SRTM DTM data with the
extents you want and then convert it to a local coordinate system. The output is a DTM in
the *.xyz format.
A DTM can be converted to a bitmap. The following styles are selectable:
• Color coded relief
• Shaded relief
• Elevation encoded grey values.
The DTM bitmap is stored with a TIFF World file (.tfw) and automatically linked to the
project. It can be dragged to the Viewport like a map.
Recent DTMs – Lets you open DTMs you recently viewed with Leica FPES10.
DTM Properties – Opens the DTM Properties dialog.
Supported digital raster maps for flight planning include GeoTIFF, TIFF with TFW file, and *.img
images. For best performance, use a map in 24-bit color or 8-bit grey and make sure that the
image has pyramid layers.
Properties – Opens the properties dialog for the selected object in the Project Explorer.
This is equivalent to clicking the Properties button.
Delete – Deletes the selected object in the Project Explorer. This is equivalent to clicking the
Delete button. You must confirm the deletion of the selected object.
Redraw – Redisplays the project in the ViewPort.
Expand more – Lets you view the next level of the project tree. For example, if only the
flight plan is visible, the tree expands to include AOIs. This is equivalent to clicking the
Expand More button.
Expand less – Collapses the project tree by one level. For example, if flight lines are visible,
the project tree collapses to display AOIs. This is equivalent to clicking the Expand Less
button.
Suspend Footprints – Sets all footprint layers in the graphic property to invisible. Click
again to restore footprint visibility.
Tools
Lets you select the following tools:
Sun Angles – Opens the Sun Angles dialog.
Projection Chooser – Opens the Projection Chooser dialog.
SRTM Converter – Opens the SRTM Data Converter dialog where you can convert SRTM
data (available from NASA) for use as DTM in Leica FPES10.
RINEX Conversion – Converts GPS raw data collected with ASCOT into RINEX (receiver
independent exchangeable) format for GPS data processing. You make your selection in a
standard file selector. For details see “ASCOT-Specific Information”
AeroPlan – Opens the AeroPlan dialog (AeroPlan is used in the flight planning to determine
the operation settings needed for an ALS LIDAR acquisition mission).
Georeferencing Tool – Opens the Create TIFF World File dialog.

Database utilities – Lets you access the following options:
Restore from external file – Opens the Restore Database dialog, which is a standard
file selector. Navigate to the location of the database, select it, and then click Open.
Backup to external file – Opens the Backup Database dialog, which is a standard file
selector. Navigate to the location where you want to back up the open database, and then
click Save.
Delete – Opens the Select Project to Delete dialog.
Delete Flights – Opens the Delete Flights dialog.

Remove database locks – Only used if the flight plan database is installed centralized
on a server.
Configuration
RC30 Data Frame – Opens the RC30 Data Frame dialog.
Sensors – Opens the Sensors dialog.
Application Preferences – Opens the Application Preferences dialog.
Plugins – Lets you configure those plugins that support a configuration option. This menu is
highly dynamic and depends on the plugins available at runtime.
DGN file – Opens the DGN Export Options dialog.

Google Earth – Opens the KML Export Options dialog.
Shapefile – Opens the Shapefile Export Options dialog.
Raw Data File – Opens the Raw Data Export dialog where you can export the contents
of the ViewPort into a raw data file.
View
Changes the drawing and cursor modes as well as cursor behaviour using this menu.
Drawing Mode – Lets you select the following drawing modes:
Select – This is equivalent to clicking the Select button.
Measure Distance/Direction – This is equivalent to clicking the Measure Distance

button.
Split Flight Lines – This is equivalent to clicking the Split Flight Lines button.
Draw AOI – This is equivalent to clicking the Draw AOI button.
AOI – Defined by a polygon of any shape
Draw Corridor – This is equivalent to clicking the Draw Corridor button.
Corridor – Defined by a polyline of any shape.
Draw Flight Line – This is equivalent to clicking the Draw Flight Line button.
Single Line – Defined by a start and end point
Graphic Object Polygon – This is equivalent to clicking the Draw Polygon button.

Graphic Object Polyline – This is equivalent to clicking the Draw Polyline button.
Graphic Object Line – This is equivalent to clicking the Draw Line button.
Graphic Object Point – This is equivalent to clicking the Draw Point button.
Ground Control Point – This is equivalent to clicking the Draw Ground Control Point
button.
Cursor Mode – Lets you select the following cursor modes:
Manual Toggle Mode – Press the F3 key on your keyboard to enable or disable the
cursor. In this mode, you must press F3 to enter or leave the ViewPort if you are using a
system mouse. You must be in this mode to activate Fixed Cursor mode. This is
equivalent to clicking the Manually Toggle cursor button.
Automatic Toggle Mode – Allows the cursor to enter and leave the ViewPort freely, but
you are limited to Fixed Image and Moving Cursor modes. This is equivalent to clicking
the Automatically Toggle Cursor button.
Zoom In – Click for zoom recenter, box zoom, and real-time zoom features. This is
equivalent to clicking the Zoom In button. For zoom recenter, click in the ViewPort to
indicate the center of the enlarged area. For box zoom, hold down the left mouse button
and draw a box in the view. For real-time zoom, hold down the middle mouse button and
drag up and down in view.
Zoom Out – Click for zoom recenter, box zoom, and real-time zoom features. This is
equivalent to clicking the Zoom Out button. For zoom recenter, click in the ViewPort to
indicate the center of the reduced area. For box zoom, hold down the left mouse button
and drag a box in the view. For real-time zoom, drag the middle mouse button up and
down in view.
Roam – Click to roam the image. This is equivalent to clicking the Roam button. Drag the
hand-shaped cursor over the image to pan up, down, left, and right. Double-click in the
active pane to start automatic roaming. When in this mode, move the mouse in any
direction to begin panning across the image in that direction. The farther the cursor is
moved away from the original clicking point, the faster the display pans. At anytime while
panning, you can click once to pause. To resume, move the mouse again. Double-click
again to return to the standard roam control.
Cursor Behaviour – Lets you select the following cursor behaviour:
Fixed Cursor/Moving Image – Makes the cursor fixed in the center of the ViewPort.
This is equivalent to clicking the Moving Image/Fixed Cursor button.
Fixed Image/Moving Cursor – Makes the image stationary. This is equivalent to

clicking the Moving Cursor/Fixed Image button.
Fixed Image/Auto-Recenter Cursor – Makes the image stationary until the cursor
reaches the edge of the ViewPort. This is equivalent to clicking the Auto-Recenter Cursor
button. Moving the digitizing device moves the cursor. When the cursor reaches the edge
of the ViewPort, the image shifts to return the cursor to the center.
Ground Point Feedback – Opens the Ground Point Feedback dialog.
Set Background Color – Opens a standard Color dialog that lets you change the
background color of all ViewPorts.

Window
New Window – Opens a new, empty ViewPort. If you want to create a view with many
ViewPorts, use the View Manager.
Close – Closes the currently open view.
Tile Horizontally – Arranges ViewPorts horizontally.
Tile Vertically – Arranges ViewPorts vertically.
Cascade – Arranges ViewPorts so that they overlap.
Project Explorer – Displays the Project Explorer panel in the Leica FPES10 workspace. A
check mark before the item indicates it is currently displayed.
View Manager – Displays the View Manager panel in the Leica FPES10 workspace. A check
mark before the item indicates it is currently displayed.
Move Cursor – Displays the Move Cursor panel in the Leica FPES10 workspace. A check
mark before the item indicates it is currently displayed.
Image Adjustments – Displays the Image Adjustments panel in the Leica FPES10
workspace. A check mark before the item indicates it is currently displayed.
Property View – Displays the Property View panel in the Leica FPES10 workspace. A
check mark before the item indicates it is currently displayed.
Data View – Displays the Data View panel in the Leica FPES10 workspace. A check mark
before the item indicates it is currently displayed.
Graphic Properties – Displays the Graphic Properties panel in the Leica FPES10
workspace. A check mark before the item indicates it is currently displayed.
Show all – Displays all of the panels in the Leica FPES10 workspace.
Hide all – Hides all of the panels in the Leica FPES10 workspace.
Help
Help on Leica FPES10 – Displays information about Leica FPES10.
Help on ViewPlex – Displays information about Viewplex, which supports the Leica
FPES10 application.
Graphics Card Information – Displays information about graphics display.
About Leica FPES10 – Displays credits for the software and information about plugins.

Toolbar
Leica FPES10 Buttons

You can click any of the following buttons on the toolbar:
New – Opens the Project Properties dialog.
Open – Opens the Select Project to Open dialog.
Save As – Opens the Enter Name and Description for Project to Save dialog.
Delete – Opens the Select Project to Delete dialog.
[DTM] – Opens the DTM Properties dialog if a DTM is loaded in Leica FPES10.
Properties – Lets you view the properties of the item currently selected in the Project
Explorer, such as AOI Properties, Flight Line Properties, or Event Properties.
Delete – Deletes the selected item in the Project Explorer. You must confirm your choice to
delete the object.
Expand more – Expands the tree view contents in the Project Explorer by one level. For
example, a tree view that only displays a flight plan can be expanded once to display the
corresponding AOIs, twice to display flight lines, and so on.
Expand less – Collapses the tree view contents in the Project Explorer by one level.
Suspend Footprints – Sets all footprint layers in the graphic property to invisible. Click
again to restore footprint visibility.
Select/Measure/Split Flight Line

Lets you activate a tool for selection, measuring, and splitting flight lines from this dropdown
list:
Select – Lets you select items in the ViewPort, such as AOIs and flight lines.
Measure Distance – Lets you measure the distance between two points that you
specify.
Split Flight Line – Lets you split a flight line into two separate lines.
Draw AOI/Corridor/Flight Line

Lets you select one of the following objects to add to the active flight plan from this dropdown
list:
Draw AOI – Draws a new AOI in the ViewPort. You use this tool in conjunction with
either the Manually Toggle Cursor or Automatically Toggle Cursor options.
AOI – Defined by a polygon of any shape
Draw Corridor – Lets you draw a corridor in the ViewPort.

Corridor – Defined by a polyline of any shape.

Draw Flight Line – Lets you manually draw a new flight line in the ViewPort. You use
this tool in conjunction with either the Manually Toggle Cursor or Automatically Toggle Cursor
option.
Single Line – Defined by a start and end point
Draw Graphic Objects ‘Polygon/Polyline/Line/Point’

Lets you select one of the following graphic objects from this dropdown list:
Draw Polygon – Lets you draw a polygon in the ViewPort.
Draw Polyline – Lets you draw a polyline in the ViewPort.

Draw Line – Lets you draw a line in the ViewPort.
Draw Point – Lets you place a point in the ViewPort.
Draw Ground Control Point – Lets you place a ground control point in the ViewPort.
Polygon, Polyline, Line and Point objects are added in the Project Explorer to the selected
folder in the node ‘Graphic Objects’.
Ground Control Points are added in the Project explorer to the node ‘Ground control Points’.
LPS Buttons
Manually Toggle Cursor – Makes the cursor active in the ViewPort after you press the F3
button. Press F3 again to return to standard cursor behaviour.
Automatically Toggle Cursor – Activates the cursor for editing while it is inside the
ViewPort. Moving the cursor outside the ViewPort allows normal system mouse movement.
Zoom In – Activates the zoom recenter, box zoom, and real-time zoom features. For zoom
recenter, click in the ViewPort to indicate the center of the enlarged area. For box zoom, hold
down the left mouse button and draw a box in the view. For real-time zoom, hold down the
middle mouse button (or Ctrl + hold down the left mouse button) and drag up and down in the
ViewPort.
Zoom Out – Activates zoom recenter, box zoom, and real-time zoom features. For zoom
recenter, click in the ViewPort to indicate the center of the reduced area. For box zoom, hold
down the left mouse button and drag a box in the view. For real-time zoom, middle-hold (or Ctrl
+ Left-hold) and drag up and down in the ViewPort.
Roam – Roams the image. Hold down the left mouse button and drag the hand-shaped
cursor over the image to pan up, down, left, and right.
Refresh Active ViewPort – Refreshes the current ViewPort.
Moving Image/Fixed Cursor – Activates Fixed Cursor mode. The cursor is fixed in the
center of the ViewPort and moving the digitizing device moves the contents of the view.
Moving Cursor/Fixed Image – Activates Fixed Image mode. Moving the digitizing device
moves the cursor.

Auto-Recenter Cursor – Makes the contents of the ViewPort stationary until the cursor
reaches the edge of the view. Moving the digitizing device moves the cursor. When the cursor
reaches the edge of the view, the image shifts to return the cursor to the center of the view.
Zoom In by 2x – Zooms in by a factor of two.
Zoom Out by 2x – Zooms out by a factor of two.
Fit To Window – Zooms to the extent of the display in the view. The items in the ViewPort
all fit inside it.
Reset Zoom – Returns to the default zoom level.
Zoom Level – Displays the current scale. Select the display scale of the
current ViewPort from this dropdown list.
Select All ViewPorts – Selects all of the ViewPorts. This option is useful in conjunction with
the View Manager. The button associated with the active ViewPort is outlined in red. All other
buttons associated with all other ViewPorts are outlined in green, which indicates that they are
also selected. You can use Ctrl + A to select all of the views. You can also map this functionality
to a digitizing device.
Unselect ViewPorts – Deselects all of the ViewPorts. This option is useful in conjunction
with the View Manager panel. The active ViewPort remains active, as is indicated by its red
outline in both the ViewPort and the View Manager. The previously selected ViewPorts are no
longer outlined in green. You can also map this functionality to a button on your digitizing device.
Tool Panels
You can find the following tool panels displayed in the Leica FPES10 workspace: Data View, Graphic
Properties, Image Adjustments, Move Cursor, Project Explorer, Property View, and View Manager.
If the tool panel you want doesn’t display in the Leica FPES10 workspace, you can display it by
selecting its name from the Leica FPES10 Window menu.
ViewPort
The ViewPort lets you graphically view, add, and edit objects in a project.
Should you need to change preferences, navigate to C:\Documents and Settings\<user

name>\Application Data\Leica Geosystems\Leica FPES10 and edit the block.xml, general.xml,
line.xml, and point.xml files in a text editor. Do not edit the devices.dat file.

Data Import and Export
This section contains information regarding data import and export.
Leica FPES10 Import and Export is handled by Plugins. You can find a list of all currently supported
plugins on the Plugins tab of the About Flight Planning and Evaluation Software dialog. Leica FPES10
is distributed with a set of plugins, but you can add new plugins at any time and remove others. There
are five categories where Leica FPES10 uses plugins:
• Flight Planning Import
• Flight Planning Export
• Ground Control Point Import
• Graphic Object Import
• DataView (ListView) Export

All plugins support user options. You can find the Plugin dialogs by selecting Plugins from the
Configuration menu.
Flight Planning Data Import

You can open the Import Flight Plan Data dialog by right-clicking the active flight plan in the
Project Explorer and selecting Import. Only three types of geometric primitives are supported
during import:
• Lines (as single flight lines)
• Polylines (as corridors)
• Polygons (as AOIs)

If the imported file does not distinguish between polylines and polygons (for example, ASCII
files), Leica FPES10 lists those under both categories. Leica FPES10 supports the following
formats for flight planning import:
• ASCII files
• Shapefiles
• DGN files version 7
• KML files (Google Earth)

The Data Import Confirmation dialog opens for plugins distributed with Leica FPES10.
Graphic Flight Planning Data Export

You can open the Export Flight Plan Data dialog by right-clicking the active flight plan in the
Project Explorer and selecting Export. Leica FPES10 supports the following formats for
graphic flight planning export:
• Shapefiles (with options)
• DGN files version 7 (with options)
• KML files (Google Earth, with options)

Ground Control Point Import
You can open the Import Ground Control Point dialog by right-clicking the Ground Control
Points folder in the Project Explorer and selecting Import. The following formats are
supported for ground control point import:
• ASCII files
• Shapefiles

Only points are accepted as input.
Graphic Object Import

You can open the Import Graphic Objects dialog by right-clicking the Graphic Objects folder
in the Project Explorer and selecting Import. Leica FPES10 supports these formats:
• Shapefiles

Points, lines, polylines, and polygons are accepted for import.
Text and Numeric Data Export

You can export the following ListView controls in Leica FPES10:
• DataView
• PropertyView
• Flight Plan Preferences -> AOIs tab
• AOI Properties -> Lines tab
• Flight Line Properties -> Events tab
• AeroPlan -> System Settings tab -> Output list

You can freely define data that displays in the Leica FPES10 panels. You can also export the
data, which simplifies the creation of proposals, reports, and invoices. Leica FPES10 supports
the following formats for ListView export:
• ASCII file
• Raw ASCII file (with options)
• HTML document
• XML file
• XLS
Import of Flight Planning

The following formats are supported for data import for flight planning:
• ASCOT Flight Plans – The format is *.fda.
• External Planning – The format is external planning.txt.
• Leica FPES10 Projects – The format is *.fpd.

Import of Flights for Evaluation
The following formats are supported for data import for flight evaluation:
• FCMS Flights – The format is *.fpd.
• ASCOT Flights – The format is *.fd0 …9.
Export for Flight Execution

The following export formats are supported for flight execution:
• Projects for Flight Execution with FCMS – FCMS flight plans. The format is *.fpd.
• Flight Plans for Flight Execution with ASCOT – ASCOT flight plans. The format is
*.fda.

Multi-Sensor Flight Planning
General
Multi-sensor planning is another powerful feature of Leica FPES10. Two options are available:
• Duplicate flight plan
This option is used if the flight plans are executed independently for each sensor.
A flight plan is duplicated and recomputed for a different sensor. Both flight plans, the initial
and the duplicated, cover the same area. But, the flight line layout and flying height is
optimized for each sensor.
• Duplicate flight plan for different sensor
This option is used if the flight plans are executed simultaneously.
A flight plan, optimized for a primary sensor, is duplicated for a different sensor. The flight
line layout and flying height is the same in both flight plans, but the events along the flight
lines might be different.
They are discussed in the sections that follow.
Duplicate Flight Plan

This option is preferred if the sensors are not operated simultaneously. To duplicate a flight plan:
1. Make a flight plan for sensor A.
2. Select Duplicate to duplicate the flight plan.

3. Assign sensor B to the duplicated flight plan.
4. Recompute the new flight plan to optimize it for sensor B.
Duplicate Flight Plan for Different Sensor

This option is preferred if the sensors are operated simultaneously. To duplicate a flight plan for
a different sensor:
1. Make a flight plan for sensor A.
NOTE: For an ALS60 + RCD105 or ALS60 + ADS80 dual sensor system, the primary sensor has to be
the ALS60 and the RCD105 or ADS80 have to be the secondary sensor. Because Leica FCMS 3.1x
features automatic sensors configuration for ALS60 and ALS50-II. But the ALS configuration
parameters are only stored in the flight plan if first the ALS flight plan is made and then the RCD105
or ADS80 plan is computed by selecting 'Duplicate for different sensor'. The planning sequence for
other sensors, however, depends on user preferences.
2. Select Duplicate for Different Sensor.
3. Select sensor B. The events for sensor B are then computed.

ASCOT-Specific Information
This section contains specific information about ASCOT.
ASCOT Terminology
A flight plan in Leica FPES10 is called a project in ASCOT. An event in Leica FPES10 is called a
photo in ASCOT.
In this document, only the Leica FPES10 terminology is used.
Importing Existing ASCOT Flight Plans

• When importing existing ASCOT flight plans, please remember the following:
• Each ASCOT flight plan creates a project in Leica FPES10 that contains one flight plan.
• The coordinate system of imported ASCOT plans becomes WGS84 because the coordinate
transformation libraries in ASCOT and Leica FPES10 are not compatible. Therefore, all local
coordinates from the ASCOT planning are lost during import.
• The ASCOT planning type Point is implemented differently in Leica FPES10. In ASCOT, a point
is a location and has an approach direction. In Leica FPES10, it is an AOI with one flight line
and three events. The first and third events are inactive. These inactive events define the
approach direction to the active second event.
• If a flight planning project made with a third-party software is imported as Complete External
Planning into ASCOT, just the project.fda file is generated. No computation is made in ASCOT.
Therefore, computation results are not in the project.fda file. This is the case for forward
overlap, sidelap, base length, line spacing, and so on. These parameters are zero in Leica
FPES10 as well. This has no impact on the flight execution of such a flight plan.
• The line direction of an AOI is not defined in the ascot.fda file. Therefore, it is shown as zero
in the AOI property dialog after import to Leica FPES10. The directions of the flight lines that
cover that AOI are correct.
RC30 Data Annotation During ASCOT Flight Execution

Make sure only WGS84 coordinates are selected for annotation. The coordinate transformation
libraries in ASCOT and Leica FPES10 are not compatible. Therefore, you cannot export
transformation information from Leica FPES10 to ASCOT.
Geographic or grid coordinates cannot be annotated during the flight. If annotated, the values
are zero.
Line Labelling
Leica FPES10 supports line labels of up to 12 characters, whereas ASCOT is limited to three
characters. Make sure to use only line labels with three characters if the flight is executed with
ASCOT.

Export of FPES Flight Plans to ASCOT Flight Execution
ASCOT projects can contain only one flight plan. Export from Leica FPES10 to ASCOT is made out
of a project. The active flight plan is exported.
ASCOT Configuration During Flight Execution

The aircraft track data must be available to evaluate flight plans flown with ASCOT in Leica
FPES10. This data is stored during the flight in the project.gfx files. Make sure these files are
created during flight execution. In ASCOT, select Configuration -> SW Setup -> Data Storage.
Set GPS Navigation Data Recording to Whole Project.
All time references in Leica FPES10 are in UTC time. To avoid inconsistencies, local time in the
ASCOT Control Unit ACU30 must be UTC time during the flight. In ASCOT, select System Check -
> Check of Computer to set UTC time. The actual UTC time displays in ASCOT System Check.
Import of ASCOT Flights to Leica FPES10

The full set of the files generated by ASCOT during flight execution including the project.fda
planning file must be stored in the import location. The project.fda planning file is required by
Leica FPES10 during import of the flight data.
Flight Plan Limitation for Flight Execution in ASCOT

The flight execution module of ASCOT supports only flight plans containing a maximum of 100
lines. Be sure to split up large flight plans for flight execution.
The event number in ASCOT is limited to three numerical characters. If a planned line contains
more than 999 events, the counter overflows and restarts at 000.
GPS Raw Data Conversion to RINEX

GPS raw data conversion to RINEX is listed in the table below.
Receiver Data Conversion Performed Software Menu

Type
MX9212 Airborne ASCOT System ACU30 ASCOT Evaluation -> RINEX
Conversion
MX9400 Airborne ASCOT System ACU30 ASCOT Evaluation -> RINEX

Conversion
SR9500 Airborne ASCOT System ACU30 ASCOT Evaluation -> RINEX

Conversion
LHS2000 Office PC, Lap Top FPES Tools-> RINEX conversion
Convert GPS raw data on the airborne ASCOT system to RINEX if the GPS receiver type for data
collection is MX9212, MX9400, or SR9500.

Using Coordinate Systems, Spheroids and Datums
Overview
The following diagram tells you which datum or spheroid you need for your flight plan and what to
do if it is not available.
This document is divided into the following sections:
“Coordinate Transformation”
“Add user defined Surface Datum”
“Select predefined Coordinate Systems”
“Define and select customized Coordinate System”
“Add customized Coordinate System”
“Define and select user defined Coordinate System”
“Check Coordinate Transformation and Datum”
“Check Numerical Coordinates for a Digitized Object”
“How to Modify the Datum”
The following examples are provided for you:
Setup of a Customized Coordinate System by Using Data Provided with FPES
Example 1: Check of Coordinate Transformation and Datum
Add Surface Datum to spheroid.tab
Set Up a Customized Surface Coordinate System
If a project has no coordinate system, or an unknown coordinate system, Leica FPES10 sets it to
WGS84.
Leica Geosystems AG Using Coordinate Systems, Spheroids and Datums / 41

Coordinate Transformation
GPS delivers coordinates that refer to the WGS84 Reference System (World Geodetic System 1984).
This reference system differs from local datum used for most maps in several respects. The proper
conversion to and from WGS84 is essential to planning flights in local geographic systems or in
national grid systems.
Leica FPES10 supports flight planning on all common types of geographic and grid systems. During
flight plan setup, a coordinate system is selected and assigned to a flight plan. The coordinate system
is either selected from a list of pre-defined systems, or you can define a customized coordinate
system.
If the parameters for an accurate transformation are not known, a rough transformation for
geographic systems might be sufficient for flight planning and flight execution. For this purpose, Leica
FPES10 offers the Surface datum. See the section “Add user defined Surface Datum” for
additional information.
The map used for flight planning need not necessarily have the same coordinate system as the flight
plan. Leica FPES10 performs all required coordinate transformations.
The flight plan coordinates are also transformed to geographic coordinates in WGS84. These
coordinates are used during flight execution with FCMS or ASCOT to provide GPS-supported flight
navigation and sensor release.
Add user defined Surface Datum

For flight planning and flight execution, a rough transformation from local geographic coordinates to
geographic coordinates in WGS84 might be accurate enough. For this purpose, Leica FPES10 provides
a surface datum. This is a lateral and vertical shift from local ellipsoid to reference ellipsoid WGS84.
The offset between geographic coordinates of a point known in local and WGS84 is used for
coordinate transformation.
To add a datum, you must edit the file named spheroid.tab, which is located in <Geospatial Imaging
HOME>\etc. Append the custom information to the bottom of the spheroid.tab file, for example:
“Test Spheroid - New” {

75 6378144. 0 6356775. 0
“Test Spheroid - New” 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
“Test Datum - New” 123 456 0 0 0 0 0
}
For additional information, see “Add user defined Surface Datum”

Select predefined Coordinate Systems
In this example, the coordinate system can be selected from a list of predefined systems.
1. Select New from the File menu to start the Leica FPES10 wizard and set up a new flight plan
in Leica FPES10. The Project Properties dialog opens.
2. Type a name and description for the project in the Name and Description fields.
3. Click Next. The Create New Flight Plan dialog opens.
4. Type a name and description for the flight plan in the Name and Description fields.
5. Click Next. The Sensors dialog opens.
6. Select a sensor.
7. Click Next. The Coordinate System Selection dialog opens.
8. Select a category from the Category dropdown list.
9. Select a projection from the Projection dropdown list.
10. Click Finish to close the wizard. (You can also click Next to proceed to the Flight Plan
Preferences dialog.)
See for additional information about datum accuracy.
Define and select customized Coordinate System

How to Set up a Customized Coordinate System Using Data Provided with Leica FPES10
1. Select Projection Chooser from the Tools menu to start the Projection Chooser.
2. Click the Custom tab.
3. Select a projection from the Projection Type dropdown list.
4. Select a spheroid from the Spheroid Name dropdown list.
5. Select a datum from the Datum Name dropdown list.
6. Enter additional parameters, if required (for example, Scale factor at central meridian, False
easting).
7. Click the Save button to open the Save Projection dialog. Enter information in the Save as
and In Category fields. Click OK to close the Save Projection dialog.
8. Click OK to close the Projection Chooser dialog.
9. Restart Leica FPES10.
10. Select New from the File menu to create a new flight plan.
11. Follow the wizard until the Coordinate System Selection dialog displays.

12. Select a category from the Category dropdown list based on what you entered in the Save
Projection dialog (step 6).
14. Click Finish to close the dialog. (You can also click Next to proceed to the Flight Plan
15. Check whether the datum is accurate for flight planning.
See for additional information about datum accuracy.
Example: Setup of a Customized Coordinate System with predefined data

Projection Type: Lambert Conformal Conic
Spheroid: Bessel 1841
a = 6,377,397.155 m
f = 1 / 299.1528153513233
b = 6,356,078.963 m
Datum Name: CH1903+(L+T1997)
674.374
15.056
405.346
Standard parallel 46° 57’ 8.66”
Longitude of central meridian 7° 26’ 22.508” E
Latitude of origin of projection 46° 57’ 8.66”
False easting at central meridian 600 000
False northing at origin 200 000
Add customized Coordinate System

How to Set up a Customized Coordinate System
The new datum is now selectable in Leica FPES10 when you assign a coordinate system to a
flight plan or to a map.
1. Start the Projection Chooser.

• To open this dialog in Leica FPES10 outside a project, select Projection Chooser from
the Tools menu.
• To open this dialog if you are using the Leica FPES10 wizard to set up a new project, click
the Projection Chooser button that displays in the Coordinate System Selection
dialog.

3. Select the projection type according to the specifications given for the map from the
Projection Type dropdown list. In this example, it is Lambert Conformal Conic.
4. Select the spheroid from the Spheroid Name dropdown list. In this example, it is Bessel.
5. To verify the parameters for the Bessel spheroid, check the data in the <Geospatial Imaging
HOME>\etc\ spheroid.tab file. Open the spheroid.tab file, which is located in <Geospatial
Imaging HOME>\etc\, with a text editor and search for Bessel. You find the following
parameters:
"Bessel" {
3 6377397.155 6356078.96284
where
3 = counter
6377397.155 = a of spheroid
6356078.96284 = b of spheroid
6. Select the name of the datum from the Datum Name dropdown list. In this example, it is
CH1903+(L+T1997).

7. To verify the parameters of the datum, check the data in the <Geospatial Imaging
HOME>\etc\spheroid.tab file. Open the spheroid.tab file with a text editor. Search for Bessel.
You find the following seven transformation parameters:
"CH1903+ (L+T1997)" 674.374 15.056 405.346 0 0 0 0
where
"CH1903+ (L+T1997)" = Datum name
674.374
15.056
405.346
0
0
0
0 = 7 parameter transformation
8. The following parameters differ depending on the projection type. For Lambert Conformal
Conic projection it is:
• Latitude of 1st standard parallel. In this example, it is 46° 57’ 8.66”.
• Latitude of 2nd standard parallel. In this example, it is equal to the 1st standard parallel:
46° 57’ 8.66”.
• Longitude of central meridian. In this example, it is 7° 26’ 22.50” E.
• Latitude of origin of projection. In this example, it is the same value as the 1st standard
parallel: 46° 57’ 8.66”.
• False easting at central meridian. In this example, it is 600 000.
• False northing at origin. In this example, it is 200 000.
9. Click the Save button to open the Save Projection dialog.
10. Type ICAO-CH in the Save as field.
11. Select Switzerland from the In Category dropdown list.
If the category does not exist, you can create a new category by typing a category name in the
In Category field and saving it. Spaces are not allowed. For an example, see Add Surface
Datum to spheroid.tab. If you create a new category, you are prompted to save that category
in a series of dialogs. The next time you open the Coordinate System Selection dialog, the
category and projection are available for selection.
12. Click OK to close the Save Projection dialog.

13. Click OK to close the Projection Chooser.
The new datum is now selectable in Leica FPES10 when you assign a coordinate system to a
flight plan or to a map.
Define and select user defined Coordinate System

How to Set up a Custom Coordinate System Using Your Data
1. Add your data to the spheroid.tab file, which is located in <Geospatial Imaging HOME>\etc\.
(See Add Surface Datum to spheroid.tab for instructions.)
2. Select Projection Chooser from the Tools menu to start the Projection Chooser.
4. Select a projection from the Projection Type dropdown list.
5. Select a spheroid from the Spheroid Name dropdown list.
6. Select a datum from the Datum Name dropdown list.
7. Enter additional parameters, if required (for example, Scale factor at central meridian, False
easting, and so on).
8. Click the Save button to open the Save Projection dialog. Type the information in the Save as
and In Category fields. Click OK to close the Save Projection dialog.
9. Click OK to close the Projection Chooser dialog.
10. Restart Leica FPES10.
11. Create a new flight plan in Leica FPES10.
12. Follow the wizard until the Coordinate System Selection dialog displays.
13. Select a category from the Category dropdown list. You should select the same category that
you entered in the Save Projection dialog (step 8).
15. Click Finish to close the wizard. (You can also click Next to proceed to the Flight Plan
16. Check whether the datum is accurate for flight planning.
See “Check Coordinate Transformation and Datum” in the section that follows for additional
information about datum accuracy.

Check Coordinate Transformation and Datum
GNSS-supported flight guidance and sensor release are based on WGS84 coordinates. Therefore,
correct coordinate transformation is essential for successful work. If a coordinate system is newly
defined or selected the first time for a flight plan or a map, it is highly recommended that you verify
the coordinate transformation before you start the actual flight planning. For this verification, check
a few well-distributed points to determine whether the location is equal in local coordinates and in
WGS84 coordinates.
Highly accurate coordinate transformation is not required for flight planning and flight execution. An
accuracy within 10 meters is usually sufficient.

• The flight plan is based on a gird system (Oblique Mercator).
• The Image (Map) is a geographic system (GCS_Clarke:1866).
• For flight execution geographic, WGS84 coordinates are used.

• Known Point
• Topographic map 1:50,000, mountain Säntis
• Swiss Grid 744170E 234925N
• WGS84 Lat 47° 14’ 58.18” Long 9° 20’ 25.64”

Check Numerical Coordinates for a Digitized Object
1. Open a project in Leica FPES10.
2. Create a flight plan, using Switzerland as the projection and CH1903+ (L+T1997) as the
datum.
3. Link the map to the project. In this example, it is a topographic map Switzerland 1:200,000,
with datum CH1903+ (L+T1997).
4. Draw a graphic control point or a graphic object at the position to be checked.
5. Select the point in the Project Explorer.
6. Right-click the item and select Properties to open its properties dialog.
7. Click the Enter Coordinates button to open the Enter Coordinates dialog and check the
data.
In this example, the coordinates are accurate within 3m, which is perfect for flight planning. The
scale of the flight planning map is 1:200,000. This, of course, has an impact on the accuracy
during digitizing.

How to Modify the Datum
To modify the datum:
1. Select Projection Chooser from the Tools menu to open the Projection Chooser.
2. Click the Standard tab.
3. Select a category from the Categories dropdown list.
4. Select a Projection in the Projection list.
6. Edit the parameters you want, and then click Save. The Save Projection dialog opens.
7. Type information in the Save as and In Category fields.

8. Click OK to close the Save Projection dialog.
Click OK to close the Projection Chooser dialog.

How to add a Surface Datum
Example: Add Surface Datum to spheroid.tab

To add surface datum to the spheroid.tab file:
1. Make a backup of the spheroid.tab file, which you can find in the following location:
<Geospatial Imaging HOME>\etc\ spheroid.tab.
2. Open the spheroid.tab file in a text editor.

3. Scroll down to the last group in the file. Example:
"Goddard Earth Model(GEM06)" {
74 6378144.0 6356755.0
"Goddard Earth Model(GEM06)" 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
}
4. Append a new group:

"FPES Europe" {
75 6378137.0 6356752.31424517929
"Bodensee" SURFACE BASEDATUM = "WGS 84"
{
CONSTANT -90 0 90 360 /* Bounding box in latitude longitude */
- 6.8
- 9.3
- 18
} DESCRIPTION = "Offset Vector Bodensee"
}
where
"FPES Europe" = spheroid name, can be freely defined
75 = counter, must be last counter incremented by 1
6378137.0 = must be a of WGS84 spheroid
6356752.31424517929 = must be b of WGS84 spheroid
"Bodensee" = Datum name, can be freely defined
SURFACE BASEDATUM = "WGS 84" = datum type, must be this exactly
CONSTANT -90 0 90 360 = Bounding box in latitude longitude, must be this
exactly
- 6.8 = shift in Latitude = local - WGS84. Value is in seconds
- 9.3 = shift Longitude = local - WGS84. Value is in seconds
- 18 = shift Height = local - WGS84. Value is in meters
"Offset Vector Bodensee" = description, must be unique
5. Save the spheroid.tab file.
6. Restart FPES to use the data.

Example: Set Up a Customized Surface Coordinate System
To set up a customized surface coordinate system:
1. Determine the offset vector from local to WGS 84. (See the “Add user defined Surface
Datum” for more information.)
2. Enter the offset vector to the <Geospatial Imaging HOME>\etc\spheroid.tab file. (See the
“Add user defined Surface Datum” for more information.)
3. Close and restart Leica FPES10.
4. Select Projection Chooser from the Tools menu to open the Projections Chooser. To open
this dialog if you are using the Leica FPES10 wizard to set up a new project, click the
Projection Chooser button that displays in the Coordinate System Selection dialog.
6. Select Geographic (Lat/Lon) from the Projection Type dropdown list.
7. Select the name of the spheroid from the Spheroid Name dropdown list. This is the name you
specified in the spheroid.tab file.
8. Select the name of the datum from the Datum Name dropdown list. This is the name you
specified in the spheroid.tab file.
9. Click the Save button. The Save Projection dialog opens.
10. Type Bodensee in the Save as field.
11. Type Surface-Europe as the projection in the In Category field. (This is a new category. No
spaces are allowed in the name. If the projection should be saved in an existing category,
select it from the dropdown list.)
12. Click Yes to confirm creation of the category. The category does not exist in this example.

13. Check the contents of the Input Text dialog, and then click OK.
14. Click OK in the Projection Chooser to save the information and close the dialog.
The new datum is now available in Leica FPES10 if a coordinate is assigned to a flight plan or to
a map.
For additional information about spheroids and datums, please refer to the LPS On-Line Help.

Using DTM in Leica FPES10
Important
Important when using a DTM in Leica FPES10:
• Make sure the coordinate system of the DTM is the same as the coordinate system of the
active flight plan. The map projection for background maps can be different.
Important when using DTM as ‘SRTM link’ in FPES10:
• Make sure the SRTM data are installed on your machine in the correct directory tree
structure.
• Make sure the path to ‘wwgird.txt’ is defined in Configuration -> Application, TAB Path.
When using a DTM in Leica FPES10, please take into account that Computation of flight lines
and footprints can be time-consuming.
When using a DTM in Leica FPES10, please do the following:
• Before you graphically select or edit—and before you execute graphic operations like Zoom
in, Zoom out, and Move—set all footprint layers to Invisible if a DTM is taken into account. To
hide the footprint layer, click the Suspend Footprints button on the Leica FPES10 toolbar. If
the cursor movement in the ViewPort is still slow, you should also hide the graphic object
layer using the Graphic Properties panel.
Application Preferences Settings

You can specify settings for application preferences using the Application Preferences dialog.
Open this dialog by selecting Application Preferences from the Configuration menu. Click the
Computation tab.
Leica Geosystems AG Using DTM in Leica FPES10 / 55

Computation
Ensure that both the Compute after drawing an AOI and Compute after editing an AOI
check boxes are unchecked in the Application Preferences dialog.
If an AOI is edited, more than one point is edited in most cases. If the Compute after Editing
an AOI check box is checked, computation takes place immediately after each edit. For large
AOIs, this can be time-consuming if a DTM is taken into account. Therefore, you should finish the
edits first and start computation later. To start computation at any time, right-click the AOI and
select Compute.
Computation with DTM
Footprints
The higher the resolution, the longer the computation takes. To optimize the computation time,
make the settings correspond to the density of the DTM and the Image Scale/GSD you want.
It is useless to have a resolution better than half the density of the DTM. For example, the
resolution should not be less than 100m if the DTM has a point density of 200m. The resolution
depends on the type of terrain. Flat and rolling hills require a lower resolution than mountainous
areas.
Typically about 5 to 10 points along a side of a footprint should yield results that are accurate
enough for survey flights. In practice, a DTM with a point density of 200m gives good results.
Thresholds
These parameters are computation abort criterion. The computation will stop if either the
overlap is below the limitation (e.g. 60%+5% = 65%) or if the maximum number of iterations is
reached. The smaller the value for ‘Additional overlap’ the more accurate the result, but also
more recursions are required. To find a solution the number of recursions has to be increased.
This can increases the computation time significantly.
RC30 Film Frame Camera

The table below lists the resolution for which to create footprints using the RC30 file frame
camera:
The equation to derive the ground resolution from image scale is:
Resolution = (image size * scale) / number of points per side
Example:
RC30, Image Size = 0.228m
Image Scale = 1:5000
Terrain is Hilly (10 points)
Ö Resolution = (0.228m * 5000) / 10 = 114 m

ADS80 Airborne Digital Sensor
The table below lists the resolution for which to create footprints using the ADS80 airborne
digital sensor:
The equation to derive the ground resolution from GSD is:

Resolution = (GSD * number of pixels) / number of points per side
Example:
ADS80, GSD = 35cm (0.35m)
Terrain is Mountainous (20 Points)
Number of Pixels = 12000
Ö Resolution = (0.35m * 12000) / 20 = 210m
Graphic Properties Settings

If you are using a DTM, set all footprint layers to Invisible before you execute graphic operations
using the Graphic Properties palette. You can show or hide the footprints using the Suspend
Footprints button on the Leica FPES10 toolbar. You might also need to hide the Graphic Objects
layer if it contains a large number of objects with a high resolution. These objects are usually filled
polygons.
You can open the Graphic Properties palette by selecting Graphic Properties from the Window
menu.

Flight Plan Preferences Settings
When using a DTM for computation, set the following options in the Flight Plan Preferences
dialog for optimized flight plans:
• Check the Use DTM check box to take DTM into account during flight planning.
• Check the Allow different flying heights check box to optimize the layout of the flight
lines.
Redraw Footprints Using DTM

This is required if the project is opened from the database. To redraw footprints using a DTM,
open the project and load the DTM. Planned footprints appear projected to a plane.

Show Planned Footprints using DTM
To show planned footprints using a DTM, right-click the flight plan in the Project Explorer and
select Redraw Footprints.
If the ViewPort is not redrawn (that is, the footprints are not shown on the DTM), select Redraw
from the Project menu.
Show Flown Footprints using DTM

A flight plan or parts of it can be executed several times during a flight in FCMS. Footprints can
be shown for different levels:
• Flights
• Flight Level
• Recorded Flight Plan Level
• Recorded Flight Line Level
• Event
Flights
To display the flown footprints of the lines of a flight plan executed during one or more flights in
FCMS, follow this step:
1. Right-click the Flights folder in the Project Explorer and select Redraw Footprints.

Flight Level
To display the flown footprints of the lines of a flight plan executed during a particular flight in
FCMS, follow these steps:
1. Expand the Flights node in the Project Explorer.
2. Right-click the flight and select Redraw Footprints.
Recorded Flight Plan Level

To display the flown footprints of the lines of a particular flight plan executed during a flight in
FCMS, follow these steps:
2. Expand the flight.
3. Right-click the recorded flight plan and select Redraw Footprints.
Recorded Flight Line Level

To display the footprint of a particular execution of a flight line, follow these steps:
2. Expand the Flight node.
3. Expand the Recorded Flight Plan node.

4. Right-click the recorded flight line and select Redraw Footprints.

Or, follow these steps:
5. Expand the Flight Plan node in the Project Explorer.
6. Expand the AOI Line node.
7. Expand the Flight Line node.
8. Right-click the recorded flight line and select Redraw Footprints.

Event
To display the footprint of an event, follow these steps:
2. Expand the Flight node.
3. Expand the Recorded Flight Plan node.
4. Expand the Recorded Flight Line node.
5. Right-click the event and select Redraw Footprints.

Chapter2•Leica FPES10 Workspace
Project Explorer
The Project Explorer tool panel lets you view the structure of the data contained in your project.
Expand the tree structure to view levels of detail by clicking the plus symbol next to an entry. Each
layer type displayed in the Project Explorer has a symbol associated with it. You can right-click any
of them to access other options, such as Properties, for each object. These symbols include the
following:
– This symbol represents a project, which is the highest level in the data structure. A project
is a container that holds one or more flight plans, links to maps and DTMs, Flights, Ground
control Points and Graphic Objects.
Each flight plan in a project can have a different coordinate system or sensor. Only one flight
plan is active and editable at a time. A non-active flight plan is hidden by default, but you can
select elements to display if the coordinate system is equal to the active flight plan. Linked maps
and DTMs can be used for all flight plans in a project. The coordinate system of the map does not
need to be in the same system as the flight plan. If a map has no coordinate system, you must
assign it when the map is loaded for the first time. A project can be stored in the database,
reloaded from the database, deleted from the database, or exported to Leica FPES10 or Leica
FCMS. Export to ASCOT is made at the flight plan level.
Global Folders
Ortho Items
– This symbol represents a linked image (georeferenced map). You can load one map at time
to a ViewPlex. To load it drag it to the desired window. From the quick menu you can select to
load it to all windows
As you drag the map into a specific view, the letter L display beside the cursor. This indicates
that the images are being loaded as a left.
DTMs
– The first symbol indicates a DTM that is linked to the project; the next a linked DTM
which is loaded to the viewer. Only one DTM can be loaded at one time.
Flights
– The first symbol indicates a flight that displays in the view; the next is an
inactive/invisible flight. You can view and edit Flight properties.
Ground Control Points

All ground control points added to the project are stored in this folder.
Graphic Objects
All graphic objects added to the project are stored in this folder. You can create sub-folders to
store your graphic objects in groups.
Leica Geosystems AG Project Explorer / 65

Flight Plan Folders
Flight Plan Node
– The first symbol indicates an active flight plan; the next is an inactive/invisible flight
plan.
A flight plan has a coordinate system definition, which is assigned during flight plan creation.
Once the coordinate system is assigned, you cannot change it. A flight plan also has a sensor
definition, which is assigned during flight plan creation. You can change the sensor after flight
plan creation. Default values for flight line computation are also part of the flight plan and are
assigned to each newly planned element. The default values can be changed at any time during
the planning process. If the sensor type is Frame e.g. RC30, a data frame template can be
assigned to the flight plan. You can edit it at any time during the planning process.
A flight plan can be duplicated in the project, deleted from the project, made active or
inactive/invisible, or exported to ASCOT.
Flight Line Node

All lines of the flight plan are listed in this node
Event Node
All event of all flight lines are listed in this node
AOIs (Area of Interest)

A flight plan typically contains areas of interest (AOIs), lines, and events. AOIs are defined by
polygon points and hold the lines required to cover the AOI stereoscopically. Three types of AOI
are available:
• AOI. This is an area defined by a polygon
• AOI-Corridor. This is a corridor defined by a polyline
• AOI-Line. This is just a container to hold a singe line which is defined by a start point and
and end point.
You can edit the polygon of an AOI, the polyline of an AOI-Corridor and the start point and the
end point of lines. Also, the area of an AOI can be extended for computation by means of safety
factors. One line or a number of parallel lines is the result of the computation of the coverage
area of an AOI. One line or a number of lines is the result of the computation of the coverage
area of an AOI-Corridor. Lines hold sensor information and events. Events are action points on a
line and can be either a release pulse for a frame sensor, or a start/stop pulse for a line sensor.
You can edit an event.
– The first symbol indicates an AOI that displays in the view; the second is a
locked AOI that displays in the view, the third is an inactive/invisible AOI; and the last is a locked
inactive/invisible AOI. You can view and edit AOI properties.
– The first symbol indicates a AOI-Corridor that displays in the view; the second
is a locked AOI-Corridor that displays in the view; the third is an inactive/invisible AOI-Corridor;
and the last is a locked inactive/invisible AOI-Corridor.
– The first symbol indicates an AOI-Line that displays in the view; the second
is a locked AOI-Line that displays in the view; the third is an inactive/invisible AOI-Line; and the
last is a locked inactive/invisible AOI-Line.

– The first symbol indicates a flight line that displays in the view; the next is an
inactive/invisible flight line. You can view and edit Flight Line properties.
– The first symbol indicates a start event. This is the first event on a line. For line
sensors, data recording starts here; for frame sensors, this is the location of the first frame on
the line. The second symbol is an inactive/invisible start event. You can view and edit Event
properties.
– The first symbol indicates a release event (also called an exposure station) that
displays in the view. The event label is structured as follows: Event - type - name, for example:
Event - Release - [002]. The second symbol is an inactive/invisible release event.
– The first symbol indicates a stop event. This is the last event on a line. For line
sensors, data recording ends here; for frame sensors, this is the location of the last frame on the
line. The second symbol is an inactive/invisible stop event.
Buttons
Help – Click this button to open the On-Line Help.
To select several items at once, select the parent item and then select the child items using Shift-
click or Ctrl-click.
For additional information about the Project Explorer, please refer to the Viewplex On-Line
Help.

Property View
This panel lets you view detailed information about the object currently selected in the project
explorer. The title bar of the Property View tells you what level properties you are currently viewing.
Please note that the Data View always displays the children of the object shown in the Property View.
You can open the Property View by selecting Property View from the Window menu.
Select the type of item to display from this dropdown list.
Refresh the list
Click this button to refresh the list of items in the Property View.
Go to Parent
Click this button to move up a level in the Project Explorer tree. For example, if you are
viewing information about an event, you can click this button to go to the Flight Line level of the
project, click it again to go to the AOI level, and so on.
Export data grid
Click this button to open a standard file selector. There you can navigate to a location and
save the exported information in Excel table format (*.xls), as a text file (*.txt), or as an HTML
file (*.html). The available output formats depend on the plugins currently found on your
computer system.
Customize data columns
Click this button to open the Customize Data View dialog. There, you can select the
categories you want to display in the CellArray.
Help on the Property View

– Click this button to open the On-Line Help.
[CellArray]
The contents of the CellArray are determined by the parameters you displayed. Click the
Customize Data Columns button to open the Customize Data View dialog where you can edit
fields for display. As you add items, they display in the Item column in the CellArray with their
corresponding values.
Leica Geosystems AG Property View / 69

Leica Geosystems AG Property View / 70
Data View
This panel provides information about the children of the object currently selected in the project
explorer. For example, the Data View displays a list of all of its flight lines if an AOI is selected. The
title bar at the top of the Data View displays the name of the currently selected objects. The label
below the title bar specifies the object type that displays in the CellArray.
You can open the Data View by selecting Data View from the Window menu. The Data View displays
in the Leica FPES10 workspace by default.
– Filter the data displayed in the data view. The following options are
selectable. Plannings only, Flights only, Plannings and Flights, Plannings or Flights
– Select a preset customized Data View from this dropdown list. The names
and specifications for the presets are set in the Customize Data View dialog.
Refresh the List
Click this button to refresh the Data View.
Go to Parent
Click this button to move up one level in the project tree. For example, if the Data View
currently contains information about a flight line, clicking this button changes the contents of the
Data View to the associated AOI.
Export Data Grid
Click this button to open a standard file selector. There you can navigate to a location and
save the exported information in Excel table format (*.xls), as a text file (*.txt), as an HTML file
(*.htm or *.html) or as raw data file (*.raw). The available output formats depend on the plugins
currently found on your computer system.
Customize Data Columns
Click this button to open the Customize Data View dialog. There you can choose what
information displays in the Data View CellArray.
Help on the Data View
Click this button to open the On-Line Help.
[CellArray]
The contents of the CellArray depend on the selected object and the settings in the Customize
Data View dialog.
Leica Geosystems AG Data View / 71

Leica Geosystems AG Data View / 72
Customize Data View
This dialog lets you select the list items you want to view for items in your project. The items display
in a CellArray. You can open the Customize Data View dialog by clicking the Customize Data Columns
button in any dialog where it displays. You can usually find it in the top-right corner of the Data
View panel.
Available Presets
Use this section to select, save, or delete presets.
Preset
Select the default list configuration, a recent list configuration, or a preset configuration you
created and saved from this dropdown list.
Save this Preset
Click this button to open the Enter Preset Title to Save dialog where you can save the
settings to a specific name. This name is then available in the preset list above and in the
dropdown list on the Data View toolbar.
Delete this Preset
Click this button to delete a preset list you created.
Preset Details
Use this section to organize presets.
Group
Select any of the following groups from this dropdown list. The selected group defines which
items are displays in the [Available list] for selection.
General – Contains items such as description and number of AOIs.
Planning – Contains input parameter items such as desired image scale, ground reference
height.
Planning Results – Contains computed items such as minimum and maximum sidelap and
forwardlap.
Flight – Contains items such as the number of flown lines and the percent completed.
ALS – Contains items that pertain only to the ALS sensor.
All – Contains all of the potential items you can display in a CellArray in each category at
once.
Order
Select form the drop down list the display order for the items listed in the [Available list].
[Available List]
Shows which items in the selected group are available for display in the CellArray in the list
on the left side of the Customize Data View dialog.
Double-click the entry to add it to the [Show list] on the right side of the dialog
Leica Geosystems AG Customize Data View / 73

Add / remove items
Add Item to Your Show List – Select items in the Available list, and then click this
button to add them to the Show list.
Remove Item from Your Show List – Select items in the Show list, and then click
this button to delete them.
Format items
Left Align this Item – Select one or more items in the [Show list] and click this button
to define that the information appears left-aligned in the CellArray.
Center Align this Item – Select one or more items in the [Show list] and click this
button so that information appears centered in the CellArray.
Right Align this Item – Select one or more items in the [Show list] and click this
button so that information appears right-aligned in the CellArray.
Width – Select one or more items in the [Show list] and type a width. This defines for the
selected items the number of characters displayed in the CellArray.
[Units] – Only available for items with units. Select an item in the [Show list]. The assigned
unit is displayed in this field. To change the unit select the desired type from the drop down
list.
Decimals – Only available for numeric items. Select one items in the [Show list] and type
the number of decimals. This defines for the selected item the numeric format displayed in
the CellArray.
[Show List]
Shows which items display in the CellArray in the list on the right side of the Customize Data
View dialog.
Move Item to top of the list – Select items in the Show list, and then click this
button to move them to the top of the list.
Move up one Position – Select items in the Show list, and then click this button to
move them up one line in the list.
Move Down one Position – Select items in the Show list, and then click this
button to move them down one line in the list.
Move Item to bottom of the list – Select items in the Show list, and then click
this button to move them to the bottom of the list.
Buttons
OK – Click to accept any changes and close the dialog.
Cancel – Click to discard any changes and close the dialog.
Help – Click to open the On-Line Help.
Leica Geosystems AG Customize Data View / 74

Graphic Properties
This tool panel lets you set the default graphical properties of ground control points (GCPs) and
planning objects. You can open the Graphic Properties panel by selecting Graphic Properties from the
Window menu.
This tool panel is composed of the following tabs: Layers, Planning, Footprints, Evaluation,
Control Points and Selection.
TAB Layers
For each layer in the project, you can display or hide it. You can also make some layers
selectable or non-selectable .
Map/Image – Lets you show or hide images or a map loaded to the ViewPlex windows.
Current DTM Outline – Lets you show or hide a DTM outline.
Planned AOIs – Lets you show, hide, or select planned AOIs.
Event Footprints – Lets you show or hide footprints of the planned events if the footprints are
computed.
Flight Line Footprints – Lets you show or hide the footprints for each flight line if the footprints
are computed.
AOI Footprints – Lets you show or hide the AOI footprint, if computed. This lets you evaluate
whether your planning is accurate and flexible enough. The AOI footprint is the union of all line
footprints, and therefore shows the (planned) stereographically covered area of the AOI.
Planned Flight Lines – Lets you show, hide, or select flight lines.
Planned Events – Lets you show, hide, or select events along the flight line.
Flown Event Footprints – Lets you show or hide footprints of events that have already been
flown. Leica FPES10 computes the footprints with the assumption that during the flight the
sensor was pointing perfectly vertical.
Flown Flight Line Footprints – Lets you show or hide the footprints of flight lines that have
already been flown.
Flown Flight Lines – Lets you show, hide or select flight lines that have already been flown.
Flown Events – Lets you show, hide of select events that have already been flown.
Flight Path – Lets you show or hide the flight path.
Flight Line Labels – Lets you show or hide flight line labels, which are numbered for easy
reference.
Graphic Objects – Lets you show, hide, or select graphic objects.
Ground Control Points – Lets you show, hide, or select GCPs.
GCP Labels – Lets you show or hide GCP labels.
Leica Geosystems AG Graphic Properties / 75

TAB Planning
Events
Use this section to change the footprint display properties of events. Your project can contain
events where imagery was captured.
Size – Type the size of the event symbol in this field.
Style – Displays the style of the event symbol. This field is for information only.
Color – Select a color from this dropdown list. Click the More Colors button to open the Color
dialog.
Edit Type – Select the type of event for which to adjust properties from this dropdown list.
Labels
Use this section to control how flight lines display in the ViewPort.
Text – Select a color for label text from this dropdown list.
Font – Click this button to open the Font dialog and specify settings for the label font.
Back – Select a color from this dropdown list for the label background. Click the More Colors
button to open the Color dialog.
Lines
Use this section to control how flight lines display in the ViewPort.
Line Width – Select a line width from this dropdown list. It is measured in pixels.
Style – Select a solid or a dashed line style from this dropdown list.
Line Color – Select a color from this dropdown list. Click the More Colors button to open the
Color dialog. By default, flight lines are blue.
AOIs
Use this section to control how the extent of AOIs is displayed.
Line Width – Type a value in this field for the line width. It is measured in pixels.
Style – Select the line style for AOI outlines from this dropdown list.
Color dialog. By default, AOI outlines are yellow.
Fill – Click this button to select a fill color. Click the More Colors button to open the Color
dialog. Move the slider to set opacity.
DTM Outlines
Use this section to control how the extent of DTMs is displayed.
Style – Select the line style for DTM outlines from this dropdown list.
Color dialog. By default, DTM outlines are grey.

TAB Footprints
You can control the display of footprints related to events, lines, and AOIs on this tab. A footprint is
a representation of the extent of an item.
Events
Use this section to change the footprint display properties. Your project might contain events
where imagery was captured.
Style – Select the line style for event outlines from this dropdown list.
Line color – Select a color from this dropdown list. Click the More Colors button to open the
Color dialog. By default, event outlines are red.
Lines
Use this section to change the footprint of the flight line display properties.
Style – Select the style for flight lines from this dropdown list.
Color dialog. By default, flight lines are green.
AOIs
Use this section to change the footprint of the AOI display properties.
Style – Select the line style for AOI outlines from this dropdown list.
Color dialog. By default, AOI outlines are yellow.

TAB Evaluation
The settings on this tab control the display of lines, events, and footprints in the ViewPort.
Flown Event Footprints

Use the settings in this section to control the display of event footprints that have already been
collected.
Style – Select the line style for flown event footprints.
Color dialog. By default, flown event footprints are yellow.
Flown Line Footprints

Use the settings in this section to control the display of flight line footprints that have already
been collected.
Style – Select the line style for flown line footprints.
Color dialog. By default, flown line footprints are yellow.
Flight Path / Flown Lines - (all)

Use the settings in these sections to control the display of the flight path and flight lines that are
already executed. Flown lines are further divided into the following categories: Perfect,
Warnings, Errors, and Sensor inactive. Each of these line types has the same properties as
described below.
Line Width – Select the width of the displayed lines from this dropdown list. It is measured
in pixels.
Style – Select solid or a dashed line style from this dropdown list.
Color dialog.

TAB Control Points
Labels
Use this section to specify labels for control points.
Text – Select a color for the label text from this dropdown list. Click the More Colors button
to open the Color dialog.
Font – Click this button to open the Font dialog and specify settings for label font.
Back – Select a display color for the label background from this dropdown list.
Alignment
Use this section to set alignment.
Horizontal – Select the horizontal alignment for the label text from this dropdown list. Your
options are Left, Center, and Right.
Vertical – Select the vertical alignment for the label text from this dropdown list. Your
options are Top, Center, and Bottom.
TAB Selection
Objects that you selected in the ViewPort might take on distinctive visual characteristics.
Selection
Use this section to control selection settings.
Line Width – Type the width of the selected object. It is measured in pixels.
Style – Select the line style for selected objects from this dropdown list.
Color dialog. By default, flown line footprints are yellow.
Selection Handles
Use this section to specify selection handle settings.
Size – Enter the size, measured in pixels, of the selection handles.
Style – Displays the style of selection handles. This field is for information only.
Color – Click the color box and select a color for the selected object.
Buttons
Factory Settings – Click this button to restore the default preferences. This does not
restore Fill settings.
Load Preferences – Click this button to open a standard file selector and load graphic
preferences from a file.
Save Preferences – Click this button to open a standard file selector and write your
graphic preferences to a file.

Quick Menus
You can access a number of context menus with different options depending on the location of the
cursor when you right-click. The menus and their options include the following:
Project
Properties
Opens the Properties dialog associated with the selected item, such as Flight Line Properties,
AOI Properties and Event Properties. Properties are specific settings for the selected objects.
DTM Properties
Opens the DTM Properties dialog.
Link Map
Opens a file selector where you can add to the Project a link to georeferenced maps or
images.
Link DTM
Opens a file selector where you can add to the project a link to a DTM.
Add Flight Plan

Opens the Create New Flight Plan dialog.
Redraw
Refreshes the display in the ViewPort.
Flights
Redraw Footprints
Recalculates the footprints to reflect the current terrain or the minimum height specified in
the plan if no DTM is present. This does not affect any of the planned geometry.
Hide/Show
Hides an item from display. For flights, this option hides the flight data. To redisplay the item,
select Show from the quick menu. If you want to hide or show multiple objects, consider
using the Data View instead.
Flight
Properties
AOI Properties, and Event Properties. Properties are specific settings for the selected objects.
Redraw Footprints
Leica Geosystems AG Quick Menus / 81

Hide/Show
Show Track
Displays the portions of the flight path that are not part of planned flight lines. This option is
inactive if flight data is hidden. This option pertains only to the Flight quick menu.
Recorded Flight Plan
Hide/Show
Optimal Zoom
Displays all of the flight plan (or currently selected object) in the ViewPort
Redraw Footprints
Recorded Flight Line
Investigate
Available for flight lines. Opens the Flight line investigator dialog
Hide/Show
Accept
Accepts the information captured during the flight. This option pertains only to the Recorded
Event quick menu.
Reject
Rejects the information captured during the flight. This option pertains only to the Recorded
Event quick menu.
Sun Angles
Opens the Sun Angles dialog.
Optimal Zoom
Displays all of the flight plan (or currently selected object) in the ViewPort.
Recenter
Recenters the selected object (flight line, AOI, and so on) in the ViewPort.

Redraw Footprints
Ground Control Points - Node
Add Control Point

Adds a ground control point (GCP) to the project.
Import
Lets you import e.g. locations of GCP or GNSS reference stations into the current project.
Hide/Show
Ground Control Point
Properties
Delete
Deletes an item, such as a flight line. You must confirm the deletion. If you want to delete
multiple objects, consider using the Data View instead.
Hide/Show
Recenter
Graphic Objects Node
New Subfolder
Creates a subfolder in the Graphic Object node
Import
Lets you import graphic objects into the current project.
Hide/Show

Graphic Object - Visible/Graphic Object - Invisible
Properties
Delete
Recenter
Optimal Zoom
Hide/Show
Hides an item from display. For example, if you hide an AOI, it no longer displays in the
ViewPort regardless of what outline or fill properties you assigned to it. For flights, this option
hides the flight data. To redisplay the item, select Show from the quick menu. If you want to
hide or show multiple objects, consider using the Data View instead.
Flight Plan Active/Flight Plan Inactive
Preferences
Opens the Preferences dialog associated with the item you clicked. For example, when you
click a flight plan, the Flight Plan Preferences dialog opens. Preferences are default
settings for Leica FPES10.
Compute
Computes an object directly and stores it in the database after you save it. If you want to
compute multiple objects, consider using the Data View instead.
Make Active Flight Plan

Activates the flight plan you selected. If you want to activate multiple items, consider using
the Data View instead.
Hide/Show
Import
Lets you import the selected item into the current project. This option is only for the Flight
Plan Active quick menu.
Export
Lets you export the current project into another program. This option is only for the Flight
Plan Active quick menu.
Delete

multiple items, consider using the Data View instead.
Add AOI
Lets you add an AOI to the selected flight plan. This option is only available for the Flight Plan
Active quick menu.
Add Flight Line

Creates a new flight line. The Flight Line Properties dialog opens. This option is only available
for the Flight Plan Active quick menu.
Duplicate
Duplicates a flight plan.
Duplicate for different Sensor

Duplicates a flight plan and lets you select another sensor. Leica FPES10 then recalculates all
events without changing the flight line layout or flying altitude. This allows flight planning for
simultaneously flown multi-sensor systems.
Flight Line Sequence

Opens the Flight Line Sequence dialog.
Optimal Zoom
Redraw Footprints
the plan if no terrain is present. This does not affect any of the planned geometry.
Calculate Remaining parts

Calculates all parts that were rejected or not explicitly accepted during the previous flights.
This lets you easily create projects for subsequent flights that contain only unflown or
incorrectly flown elements.
Reset to Planning
Reactivates all events.
Flight Lines - Node

Opens the Flight Line Sequence dialog.
AOI/AOI - Nodes
AOI Invisible/AOI Locked/AOI Locked Invisible, Flight Line or Event/Event - Start or End/Event -
Release/Recorded Event
Properties

Opens the Properties dialog associated with the selected item, such as Flight Line
Properties, AOI Properties, and Event Properties. Properties are specific settings for the
selected objects.
Compute
Computes an object directly and stores it in the database after you save it. If you want to
compute multiple objects, consider using the Data View instead.
Investigate
Available for flight lines. Opens the Flight line investigator dialog.
Delete
Add Flight Line

Creates a new flight line. The Flight Line Properties dialog opens.
Duplicate
Copies and pastes an item with the same properties to the bottom of the list in the Project
Explorer.
Deactivate/Activate
Switches on or off a certain event in the flight plan/line/block. The point still displays, but it is
active/inactive. Thus, when this project is flown, this point is not considered. If you want to
deactivate or activate multiple objects, consider using the Data View instead.
Hide/Show
Hides an item from display. For example, if you hide an AOI, it no longer displays in the
ViewPort regardless of what outline or fill properties you assigned to it. For flights, this option
hides the flight data. To redisplay the item, select Show from the quick menu. If you want to
hide or show multiple objects, consider using the Data View instead.
Lock/Unlock
Locks an AOI so that it cannot be altered or computed until you unlock it. Locked AOIs have
the Locked symbol in the Project Explorer. To unlock an AOI, select Unlock from the
quick menu. If you want to lock or unlock multiple objects, consider using the Data View
instead.
Find Min/Max
Searches for the minimum and for the maximum terrain height of the selected object (AOI or
flight line). Adds for both values a ground control point to the project.
Optimal Zoom
Recenter
Redraw Footprints

the plan if no terrain is present. This does not affect any of the planned geometry.
Sun Angles
Opens the Sun Angles dialog.
Calculate Remaining parts

Calculates all parts that were rejected or not explicitly accepted during the previous flights.
Reset to Planning
Deactivates all events.
View
Drawing Mode
Measure Distance/Direction – Measure the distance between two points that you specify.
Split Flight Lines – Splits the selected flight line into two separate lines.
Draw AOI – Draws an AOI in the ViewPort.
Draw Corridor – Draws a corridor in the ViewPort.
Draw Flight Line – Draws a flight line in the ViewPort.
Graphic Object Polygon – Draws a polygon in the ViewPort.
Graphic Object Polyline – Draws a polyline in the ViewPort.
Graphic Object Line – Draws a line in the ViewPort.
Graphic Object Point – Draws a point in the ViewPort.
Ground Control Point – Draws a ground control point in the ViewPort.
Empty (no selection)

Refresh Screen – Refreshes the viewer display.
Redraw Project – Redraws the currently visible project. This can help repair missing or
obsolete graphical elements.
Find Local Min/Max – Finds the point with minimum and maximum elevation in the
currently visible area. Both points are added as ground control points to the project. This
option is available only when a DTM is loaded.

Color
This dialog lets you change the background color of the ViewPort. You can open the Color dialog by
selecting Set Background Color from the View menu.
Basic Colors
Select a color to specify the background color.
Custom Colors
Select a custom color after defining it in the Custom Colors section.
Define Custom Colors

Click this button to horizontally expand the Color dialog to include the section devoted to making
custom colors using hue, saturation, luminance, red, green, and blue settings. Click the Add to
Custom Colors button to make the new color available in the Custom Colors section of the dialog.
Buttons
OK – Click this button to apply the background color.
Cancel – Click this button to cancel your changes and close the dialog.
Leica Geosystems AG Color / 89

Leica Geosystems AG Color / 90
Cursor Style
This dialog lets you set parameters that determine how the Viewplex system cursor is rendered in
the Leica FPES10 workspace. The Viewplex system cursor is enabled when you select the Always draw
the default Viewplex cursor check box on the application Preferences dialog.
The Cursor Style dialog does not affect the FPES-drawn cursor (the grey one that changes its
shape as you hover over selected objects).
You can open the Cursor Style dialog by selecting Edit -> Settings -> Cursor Style.
Shape
You can display the cursor as a dot, an X, or a cross:
Dot – Uses a cursor rendered as a dot. When you select this option, the Cursor Size attribute
becomes disabled.
X – Uses a cursor shaped like the letter x.
Cross
Uses a cursor shaped like a cross (+).
Open – Creates an opening in the center of the cross-shaped cursor.
Draw center dot – Draws a dot in the center of the cross-shaped cursor.
Attributes
Cursor attributes include weight, size, and color:
Line Weight – Type the width of the lines that make up the cursor, in pixels, in this field. The
default value is 1.
Cursor Size – Enter the overall size of the cursor, in pixels, in this field. The default value is
16.
Color – Select the color you want to use for the cursor from this dropdown list. Click More
Colors to create your own, custom cursor color. The default cursor color is red.
Buttons
OK – Click to accept the cursor display settings and close the dialog.
Cancel – Click to discard any changes and close the dialog.
Help – Click to open the On-Line Help.
Leica Geosystems AG Cursor Style / 91

Leica Geosystems AG Cursor Style / 92
Application Preferences
This dialog lets you specify a user-specific set of default planning parameters. Every newly created
flight plan inherits these settings. You can open the Application Preferences dialog by selecting
Application Preferences from the Configuration menu.
This dialog contains the following tabs: Planning, Coordinate System, Computation, Graphic
Objects, Selection, Application, Database, Licensing and Path
TAB Planning
General
Use this section to set default parameters to apply to flight plans.
Film: Scale – Specifies the image scale for film sensors.
Digital: GSD – Specifies the GSD (ground sampling distance) for digital frame or line
sensors.
LIDAR: FOV/Swath – Specifies the FOV (field of view) and the width of the sensor track on
the ground for LiDAR sensors. The swath is in meters.
Line direction
Checkbox unchecked - In this case Leica FPES10 determines the line direction to cover
the AOI with the fewest number of lines.
Checkbox checked - Type a value in the field to force lines in a certain direction (for
example, 0 degrees is North going clockwise) instead of customized according to the
shape of the AOI. Red text indicates an invalid entry in the field.
– Click these buttons to toggle between degrees, gons, and radians.

Split safety factor – This parameter is used if a line is split. Type the percentage by which
each line is lengthened so that both lines overlap at the split location. For line sensors swath
width is taken as an unit, so 100% extends each line by a swath width. For frame sensors a
frame is taken as an unit, so 100% adds one frame to each line.
Elevation
Reference Height – Type the highest extent and lowest extent of the range of terrain
heights. Use these values if you are not using a DTM.
– Click these buttons to toggle between feet, kilometers, meters,

and miles.
Use DTM – Select this check box to take local elevation into consideration when computing
flight lines and release events. It uses a DTM that is linked to the project and loaded into the
viewer. The default setting for this option is taken from the application preferences settings.
Allow different flying heights – Select this check box to allow variable flying heights in
the flight lines covering the AOI to accommodate local terrain. It uses a DTM that is linked
to the project and loaded into the viewer. The default setting for this option is taken from
the application preferences settings.
Surface Offset - Type an offset to be added during computation to the highest extent
within the AOI. This takes objects above the surface level into account.
Leica Geosystems AG Application Preferences / 93

Terrain Offset - This field displays the offset applied to the DTM. The offset can be
entered and edited in the Project Properties dialog, TAB ‘Objects’
Flight Level
Check this option to compute the flying height of the flight lines adjusted to flight levels.
Start Level – Enter a value if you like to adjust to Flight Levels different than standard or to
adjust to air pressures different than the standard pressure.
Interval – Enter the Flight Levels interval to which the flight line flying heights shall be
adjusted.
Along Track
Use this section to control the amount of overlap in the along track direction. Along track needs
to be set in the AOI to be later inherited by each line in the AOI.
Overlap – This option is specific to frame cameras. Select the check box and type the
percentage of overlap between adjacent frames in this field. This can be changed in the
process of calculation.
Fixed – This option is specific to frame cameras. Select this check box to enforce the
overlap percentage. This option cannot be used if the ‘Use DTM’ option is checked.
Base length – Uncheck the Overlap check box and type the distance between release points
in feet, meters, kilometers, or miles in this field. It is always fixed. This option cannot be
used if the ‘Use DTM’ option is checked.
With known geometry, overlap and base length can be calculated from each other. However, it
is usually easier to provide an overlap because that value is independent of flying height, image
scale, and so on.
Safety factor – The introduction of an along track safety factor results in an extension of the
stereoscopically covered area at both ends of the flight lines. The value is entered as a
percentage of the image lengths on ground. For LiDAR sensors the image length is defined by
the swath width on ground which depends on the FOV.
Using a safety factor ensures area coverage. This lengthens the line e.g. to account for
navigation errors, etc.
Across Track
Use this section to control the amount of overlap in the across track direction (between lines).
Sidelap – Select the check box and type the side overlap percentage of adjacent flight lines
in this field.
Fixed – Select this check box to enforce the sidelap percentage between flight lines. This
option cannot be used if the ‘Use DTM’ option is checked.
Line spacing – Uncheck the Overlap check box and type the distance between flight lines.
Distance can be measured in feet, meters, kilometers, or miles.
Safety factor – The introduction of an across track safety factor results in an extension of
the stereoscopically covered area across track. For computation the AOI area is extended.
The value is entered as a percentage of the image or swath width on ground.
Using a safety factor ensures area coverage. An extended area is covered by lines, e.g. to
account for navigation errors, etc.
Corridor
Width – Type the swath width of the corridor. Unless ‘Route Mode’ is used, the width can also
be larger than the sensor’s swath width.

and miles.
Auto split
Checkbox unchecked - Leica FPES10 computes parallel lines to cover the corridor. The
settings made for line direction are taken into account.
Checkbox checked - Leica FPES10 computes the fewest number of straight lines to
cover the corridor. Typically the line direction is not specified. In this case the azimuth of
the lines changes from line to line along the corridor. If the corridor width is larger than
the sensor swath width, Leica FPES10 computes parallel lines for each line segment along
the corridor.
If the line direction is specified Leica FPES10 computes parallel lines to cover the corridor.
Route Mode – Leica FPES10 computes a winding flight line along the polyline points. The
azimuth is constant for each section (between two polyline points) of the flight line. That is,
at each Polyline point the flight line direction may change. Typically such lines are flown using
helicopters.
Add Events over turns - Check this feature to add one additional event at each polyline
point, if the azimuth of the flight line changes for the next section. If this feature is
activated, check after the computation that the events located at a polyline point before
and after an extra event. If events are too close to each other, manually inactivate events
to ensure that the remaining active events can be fired during flight execution.
Coordinate System
Preferred Coordinate System

Use this section to view and change the preferred default horizontal coordinate system and
vertical datum. This is convenient if you usually work with the same coordinate system. It has no
impact on the previously specified coordinate system of an existing project. This is the
coordinate system that is pre-selected when you create a new flight plan.
Horizontal System – Displays the horizontal coordinate system.
Unit – Displays the unit associated with the horizontal coordinate system.
Vertical Datum – Displays the vertical datum, which is a reference surface to which heights
and elevations are referred.
Unit – Displays the unit associated with the vertical datum.

Select – Click this button to specify a different coordinate system for the project. The
Coordinate System Selection dialog opens.

TAB Computation
Warnings/Conditions
Use this section to set the thresholds for warnings. During computation Leica FPES10 will display
a warning message if the thresholds are exceeded.
Warning if exceeds # Lines – Displays a warning message if the number of lines for an
AOI exceed this value.
... or Events – Displays a warning if the number of events on a flight line exceed this value.
Minimum Flying Height – Displays a warning message if the flying height above ground at
some point of the flight line is below this value.
Minimum Line Spacing - Displays a warning message if the minimum spacing of lines for
an AOI is below this value. The limit is checked for lines computed by Leica FPES10. Line
spacing is not checked for lines manually added or edited.
Minimum Base Length - displays a warning message if the minimum base length of events
along a line are below this value. The limit is checked for frame events computed by Leica
FPES10. The base length is not checked for events which are manually added or edited or
which are added by Leica FPES10 if ‘Add Events over Turns’ is activated for corridors in route
mode.
Computation
Compute after – Select any of the check boxes to force computation of flight lines and
events after drawing or editing an AOI or a flight line or after splitting a flight line.
Computation with DTM

If no DTM is loaded, these options are of no consequence.
Footprints
Resolution – Enter the resolution of footprints on the ground. On flat terrain, a larger
value may be acceptable. Setting a too high resolution just increases the computation
time and the required memory.
Height threshold – Enter the height threshold. Leica FPES10 will stop the iteration for
foot print computation if the height of a footprint is within the height threshold on the
DTM. Setting a too small value just increases the computation time.
Thresholds
Additional Overlap - This value is added to the desired overlap along track and across
track. Leica FPES10 will stop the iteration for line or event computation if the overlap is
between ‘desired overlap’ and ‘desired overlap + additional overlap.
Maximum iterations - This value specifies the maximum number of iterations Leica
FPES10 performs for computing a line or an event.

TAB Graphic Objects
Point Properties
Use this section to specify the default properties for new points.
Size – Type a value for the radius of the point.
dialog.
Style – Select Round or Square from this dropdown list.
Line/Polyline Properties
Use this section to specify the default properties of the new line or polyline.
Line Width – Type the width of the line or polyline in this field.
Color dialog.
Style – Select a style for the line or polyline from this dropdown list.
Polygon Properties
Use this section to specify default properties for new polygons.
Line Width – Type the width of the outlines surrounding the polygon in this field.
Color dialog.
Style – Select a style for the line from this dropdown list.
TAB Selection
Use this section to specify selection criteria applied if objects in the ViewPort are selected with
a mouse click.
Snap Radius for Points

Type the minimum selection radius for points in this field.
Snap Radius for Lines
Type the minimum selection radius for lines in this field.
Recenter Selected Objects

Select this check box to automatically shift the ViewPort to place the selected item in the
center.
Draw footprint for selected

Select any of the check boxes to display the footprints of the item.

TAB Application
Select any of the following check boxes to specify general application behaviour:
Display a confirmation when a project with an unknown coordinate system is
opened – Displays a message informing the user that a project with an unknown coordinate
system is opened.
Confirm before exiting the application – Displays a message asking the user to confirm
the exit.
Ask the user to save changed projects – Displays a message asking the user to save a
changed project.
Reduce polygon point count for display – Imported graphic objects and AOIs often are
defined with a high resolution. A high resolution is normally not required for display, but it
can slow down the reaction of the cursor when drawing in Leica FPES10 a new object. Check
this option if the drawing cursor reacts slowly due to polygons with a high resolution.
Thinning value – Range 1 to 20. Twenty is maximum point count reduction. The optimal
setting depends on the resolution of the polygons. Increase the value, if the drawing
cursor reacts slowly even if the footprints are hidden. Decrease the value, if the polygons
appears non-correct.
Enable Anti-Alias – Smooths the steps that might be seen in diagonal lines drawn in the
Viewplex.
Always draw the default Viewplex cursor – Displays the standard Viewplex cursor. This
is a red cross-hair.
Always draw the Leica FPES10 cursor – Displays the Leica FPES10 cursor. Please note that
you cannot switch off the Leica FPES10 cursor and the ViewPlex cursor at the same time.
However, you can display them at the same time.
Display enhanced Context Menus – Displays quick menus with icons. If unchecked, quick
menus display as in previous versions of Leica FPES10.
Convert DTM to Bitmap as – Select one of the following options from this dropdown list:
Elevation encoded Grey values – Creates a grey image where low elevations are
assigned dark pixels and high elevations are assigned light pixels. The grey value
distribution is optimized according to the minimum and maximum elevation in the DTM
area; therefore, there is no global mapping from grey value to true elevation.
Shaded Relief – Creates a grey-shaded relief from the current DTM.

Colored Shaded Relief – Creates a color coded-shaded relief from the current DTM.
Resolution factor - Float values are accepted. Factor >1: the resolution of the bitmap is
higher than the resolution of the DTM. Factor <1: the resolution of the bitmap is lower than
the resolution of the DTM.

TAB Database
Database Server
Select the server from the dropdown list or enter the server name. This is (local) for standard
use of Leica FPES10. Select other servers only if the Flight plan data base is installed on a central
server. If this is the case the ‘Advanced settings’ have to be made as well.
Advanced settings
Here you specify the access to a centralized data base server
Database Name - Type in the flight plan data base name. Default is ‘FlightPlanManager’
Use Domain Logon - check this option for default use
Specify Username + Password - check this option according to the user access rights
defined for the centralized SQL server. If this option is selected, define also User Name and
Password.
TAB License Settings

Node locked license or float license can be selected. Check the option which corresponds to the
type of the activated Leica FPES10 license. For float license enter the name of the local license
server.
TAB Path
Path to SRTM data ‘wwwgrid.txt’

Enter the path to the folder where your SRTM data are stored. During the Leica FPES10
installation process of SRTM data this field is automatically populated.
Default path for Maps

If a linked Map is loaded to the viewer, Leica FPES10 first searches for the data in the path
stored with the project for that object. If no data are found, Leica FPES10 then searches for the
data in the default path location.
Default path for DTMs

If a linked DTM is loaded to the viewer, Leica FPES10 first searches for the data in the path
stored with the project for that object. If no data are found, Leica FPES10 then searches for the
data in the default path location.
Buttons
OK – Click this button to accept any changes and close the dialog.
Cancel – Click this button to discard any changes and close the dialog.

Chapter3•Flight Planning

Project Properties
This dialog lets you set properties for your project. You can associate Maps and DTMs. And also you
can specify a height offset for a DTM.
You can open the Project Properties dialog by clicking the New Icon button , by selecting New
from the File menu, or by right-clicking an existing project and selecting Properties. This dialog has
two tabs: General and Objects.
TAB General
Name – Type a name for the project you are creating, or edit the name of the project, in this
field.
Description – Type a description of the project in this field. This is optional
Created on UTC – Displays the date the project was created.
Last Change UTC – Displays the most recent date the project was saved.
TAB Objects
[CellArray] – Displays properties of various objects you associated with the project, such as
raster maps, images or DTMs.
New Object – Click this button to create a new object, and then define it in the Object
Properties section of the dialog.
Select from the type-dropdown list in section ‘Object Properties’ the type of object you
want to add to the project.
– Click this button to open a standard file selector where you can navigate to
the location of the object you want to link.
The type you selected and the path to the object you selected is transferred to the
CellArray.
Delete Object – Click this button to delete the object currently selected in the
CellArray.
Object Properties – This section displays the properties of the object you selected in the
CellArray. Use this section to edit the properties of an object. For DTMs you can enter a
height offset. This compensates for vertical datum shifts.
Type – Type of the object.
Terrain Offset - Here you can enter an offset applied to all elevations of the DTM
selected in the CellArray. This field only displays for DTMs.
Name – Path to the object and name of the object.
– Click this button to open a standard file selector where you can navigate to
the location of the object you want to link.
Description – This field is populated by Leica FPES10.
Leica Geosystems AG Project Properties / 103

Buttons
OK/Next – Click OK to close the dialog if you are viewing existing properties. Click the Next
button to advance to the Create New Flight Plan dialog if you are creating a new project.
Leica Geosystems AG Project Properties / 104

Create New Flight Plan
This dialog lets you create a new flight plan for your current project. You can open the Create New
Flight Plan dialog by selecting Add Flight Plan from the Project menu. This dialog also opens (as the
second step) when you create and define a new project using the Project Properties dialog.
Flight Plan
Use this section to specify details about the flight plan.
Name – Type a name for the flight plan in this field.
Description – Type a description of the flight plan in this field. This is optional.
Buttons
Next – Click this button to open the Sensors dialog.
Leica Geosystems AG Create New Flight Plan / 105

Leica Geosystems AG Create New Flight Plan / 106
Sensors
This dialog lets you view and edit the specifications of each sensor in the Leica FPES10 repository, or
create new sensors. All Leica sensors can be selected from the sensor database. You can also define
frame, line or on/off sensors based on the following types:
Film Frame
For example, RC30. Defined by image width, length, and focal length. Image scale is one of the
key input parameters for flight planning.
Digital Frame
For example, 39 Megapixel camera. Defined by pixel size, pixel count along and across track,
and focal length. Ground Sample Distance (GSD) is one of the key input parameters for flight
planning.
Digital Line
For example, ADS80. Defined by pixel size, pixel count across track, and focal length. GSD is one
of the key input parameters for flight planning.
LIDAR
For example, ALS60- FOV (Field of View) and swath width are key input parameters for flight
planning.
A large number of these type sensors are predefined in the Leica FPES10 Flight Plan database. You
can define additional sensors.
You cannot edit or delete any sensor with a locked symbol ( ) next to it.
You can open the Sensors dialog by selecting Sensors from the Configuration menu. You also get this
dialog as part of the workflow when you create a new flight plan.
[CellArray]
Displays information about the various sensors defined on your system.
Name – Displays information derived from the Name field in the Sensor Properties dialog.
This field is read-only.
Type – Displays information derived from the Sensor Type dropdown list in the Sensor
Properties dialog. This field is read-only.
Description – Displays information derived from the Description field in the Sensor
Properties dialog. This field is read-only and the content is optional.
Create a New Sensor
Click this button to open the Sensor Properties dialog, where you can enter parameters for a
new sensor and add that sensor to the list of available sensors.
Leica Geosystems AG Sensors / 107

Edit the Selected Sensor
Click this button to open the Sensor Properties dialog, which is already populated with the
parameters of the selected sensor. You can also double-click a sensor to open the Sensor
Properties dialog.
Delete the Selected Sensor
Click this button to delete the selected sensor.
Buttons
OK – Click this button to save any changes and close the dialog.
Next – Click this button to open the Coordinate System Selection dialog if you are creating a
new project and selected a sensor from the list. Otherwise, this button does not appear.
Leica Geosystems AG Sensors / 108

Sensor Properties
This dialog lets you view and edit the specifications of each sensor in the Leica FPES10 repository. If
the sensor is predefined (for example, the ADS40/80), all items are read-only. You can open the
Sensor Properties dialog by clicking the Create a New Sensor button in the Sensors dialog.
Title
Use this section to identify the sensor.
Name – Type a name for the new sensor in this field. The name has to be unique.
Description – Type a description of the new sensor in this field. This is optional but it is
highly recommended to fill in this field.
Parameters
Use this section to specify parameters for the sensor.
Sensor Type
Select the appropriate sensor type from the dropdown list. Your options include the
following:
Film Sensor
A film sensor, such as an RC30, has the following parameters:
Image size along track – This value is measured along the flight line.
Image size across track – This value is measured perpendicular to the flight line.
Lens Focal Length – Type in the nominal focal length of a specific lens type as stated in
data sheets or engraved on the lens. This is accurate enough for flight planning. The
calibrated focal length of metric cameras are determined in the laboratory during
calibration. Typically each individual lens is slightly different. But this can be ignored for
flight planning.
Digital Frame Sensor

A digital frame sensor has the following parameters. You can find this information in a
camera report that typically accompanies the data.
Image size along track – This value is calculated by multiplying pixel count by pixel
size.
Image size across track – This value is calculated by multiplying pixel count by pixel
size.
Pixel count along track – This value is measured along the flight line.
Pixel count across track – This value is measured perpendicular to the flight line.
Pixel Size – The height and width of each individual pixel. Pixels are considered square.
Leica Geosystems AG Sensor Properties / 109

flight planning.
Digital Line Sensor

A digital line sensor, such as the ADS80, has the following parameters.
Largest angle along track – Given the size of the current sensor head configuration,
the largest angle along-track specifies the simplified, symmetric footprint at one instant
in time. This is the criteria necessary for Leica FPES10 to create the sensor on/off events
to cover the area of interest.
Image size across track – This value is calculated by multiplying pixel count by pixel
size.
Pixel count across track – This value is measured perpendicular to the flight line.
Pixel Size – The height and width of each individual pixel. Pixels are considered square.
flight planning.
LIDAR
Select this option if you have data associated with a LIDAR sensor, such as the ALS60. For
this sensor type the FOV and Swath are defined during flight planning. It can be different
for every flight line.
Buttons
Leica Geosystems AG Sensor Properties / 110

Coordinate System Selection
General
GNSS-supported flight execution with FCMS or ASCOT is based on the WGS84 coordinate system
(World Geodetic System 1984). This coordinate system differs from local datum used for flight
planning in several respects. The proper conversion to and from WGS84 is essential to planning flights
in local geographic systems or in national grid systems.
Leica FPES10 supports flight planning on all common types of geographic and grid systems. During
the flight plan setup, a coordinate system is selected and assigned to a flight plan. This can be either
a coordinate system selected from the predefined systems in Leica FPES10, customized by you using
data provided by Leica FPES10, or set up by you using your own data.
Leica FPES10 handling of coordinate systems is extremely powerful. The flight plan can have a
coordinate system that is different from the backdrop map shown in the ViewPort. Each ViewPort can
have a different backdrop map, and each map can have a different coordinate system.
All flight plan data is also converted into WGS84 coordinates for flight execution.
You have to select a coordinate system in the following cases:
• when you create within a project a new flight plan
• when you load to the viewer a geo-referenced map
• when you load to the viewer a DTM

The coordinate system as well as the sensors associated with each flight plan in a project can be
different.
The DTM which is loaded to the viewer must be of the same coordinate system as the active flight
plan. Except for the feature ‘Add SRTM link’. In this case Leica FPES10 performs automatic
coordinate transformation of the WGS84 SRTM-DTM data to the coordinate system of the active flight
pan.
The coordinate system of the map which is loaded to the viewer can be different than the coordinate
system of the flight plan or DTM.
The options you see in this dialog are predefined.
You can specify your preferred coordinate system in the Application Preferences dialog. To open the
Coordinate System Selection dialog click the Select... button on the Coordinate System tab of the
Application Preferences dialog.
For additional information, please refer to Using Coordinate Systems, Spheroids, and
Datums in FPES.
Leica Geosystems AG Coordinate System Selection / 111

Coordinate selection dialog
Horizontal
Use this section to specify settings for the horizontal coordinate system.
Category – Select the projection category from this dropdown list. This is the name of a
library in which the projection is saved.
Projection Chooser – Click this button to open the Projection Chooser. If the
coordinate system is not defined, you cannot select it. In that case, define it using the
Projection Chooser.
Projection – Select a projection to associate with each flight plan from this dropdown list.
Your projection choices vary depending on the category you selected.
Datum – A horizontal datum is a mathematical model of the Earth's surface that is used to
calculate the coordinate components of a point on the surface of the Earth. This field is read-
only. Its contents depend on the selected category and projection.
Unit – Select the units associated with the horizontal system from this dropdown list.
Vertical
Use this section to specify settings for the vertical coordinate system if it is not the same as the
horizontal coordinate system.
Same as horizontal – Select this check box so that the vertical datum is the same as the
horizontal datum. When this check box is selected, all other options in the Vertical section are
inactive.
Datum – Select the vertical datum from this dropdown list. The vertical datum is a reference
surface to which heights and elevations are referred.
Unit – Select the units associated with the vertical system from this dropdown list.
Buttons
OK – Click this button to accept the selected projection information and close the dialog. This
option is not available when creating a new flight plan.
Next – Click this button to open the Flight Plan Preferences dialog. This option is available
only when the Coordinate System Selection dialog is opened by clicking Next in the Sensors
dialog when creating a new project.
Finish – Click this button to save your selections and the flight plan. This option is available only
when creating a new project.
Cancel – Click this button to discard your changes and close the dialog.
If you transfer data from one system to another, you might also need to transfer custom
coordinate systems as well. See the On-Line Help regarding custom coordinate systems.
Leica Geosystems AG Coordinate System Selection / 112

Flight Plan Preferences
This dialog lets you view and change flight plan settings. Using this dialog, you can change the sensor
associated with the flight plan, but not the coordinate system.
Open the Flight Plan Preferences dialog by clicking the Properties button on the Leica FPES10
toolbar while a flight plan is selected in the Project Explorer list, or by selecting Properties from the
Project menu. You can also open this dialog by right-clicking a flight plan in the Project Explorer list
and selecting Preferences.
The Flight Plan Preferences has the following tabs: General, Preferences, and AOIs. You might also
see a tab named RC30 Data Frame if an RC30 sensor is selected for data collection.
TAB General
This tab provides general information about the flight plan.
Flight Plan
Use this section to view or change the name and description of the flight plan.
Name – Displays the unique name for the flight plan. You can change the name in this field.
Description – Type a description of the flight plan. This is optional.
Sensor
Use this section to view or change the sensor you specified for flight plan computation.
Details – Click this button to open the Sensor Properties dialog. The Sensor Properties
dialog displays read-only data.
Change – Click this button to open the Sensors dialog. There, you can select a different
sensor to associate with the flight plan and recalculate the flight plan settings.
Coordinate System
Displays the coordinate system you defined in association with the flight plan.
Line Labelling Rules

Use this section to specify how the flight lines in an AOI are labelled. Labels can include both
numbers and letters. To change labels for individual flight lines, use the Flight Line Properties
dialog.
Initial value – Type a number or an alphanumeric value in this field to designate the label
assigned with the first flight line in the AOI. Used in conjunction with the Increment field, it
controls the labelling of each flight line.
Increment – Type the number by which you want the initial value to increment for all
subsequent flight lines. Examples:
• An initial value of 035 and an increment value of 2 results in the next flight line being
labelled 037.
• An initial value of A001 and an increment value of 1 results in the next flight line being
labelled A002.
Leica Geosystems AG Flight Plan Preferences / 113

• An initial value of AAA and an increment value of 2 results in the next flight line being
labelled AAC
or and or Direction of labelling – Click these buttons to change line

labelling and event numbering direction for the lines of and AOI (Block). Each button click
toggles a label direction change to North or South and East or West.
Leica FPES10 supports line labels of up to 12 characters, whereas ASCOT is limited to three
characters. Make sure you use line labels with only three characters if the flight is executed with
ASCOT.
TAB Preferences
The options on this tab vary according to the sensor you select. If you access this dialog when
creating a new project, the displayed settings are default values. If you open this dialog from an
existing flight plan, you can override the default values by making changes.
General
Use this section to specify default flight plan parameters.
Scale – This field is displayed in the case of a film sensor. Displays the image/photo scale.
GSD – This field is displayed in the case of a digital frame cameras or line scanners. Displays
the ground sampling distances. Units display in brackets.
FOV - Swath – These fields are displayed in the case of a laser scanner
FOV - The opening angle of the laser. FOV stands for field of view.
Swath – The approximate width of the area you want to scan on the ground.
– Click these buttons to open the Sun Angles tool if you are using an ADS sensor,
or the AeroPlan tool if you are using an ALS sensor.
Line direction

Number of lines
Checkbox unchecked - Leica FPES10 computes the number of lines based on the
planning parameters.
Checkbox checked - Type the number of lines the AOI can contain in the field. During
computation Leica FPES10 adapts the planning parameters, if required.

Elevation
heights within the AOI, corridor or individual flight line. Use these values if you are not using
a DTM. Enter the average height to both, min. and max, if your are making flight plans to be
flown in ‘Constant ALT AGL’ (following terrain).

and miles.
Use DTM - The default setting for this option is taken from the application preferences
settings.
• Check if a DTM is loaded and if the computation shall take the DTM into account. FCMS
computes the events along a line and the line spacing so that the minimum forward
overlap and the minimum sidelap are ensured.
• Uncheck even if a DTM is loaded but if the flight lines shall be computed to be flown with
FCMS in the mode constant ALT AGL. In this case the computation is based on the
manually entered reference height.
Allow different flying heights - The default setting for this option is taken from the
application preferences settings.
• If checked the flight lines of an AOI are computed to record data at desired GSD,
image scale or Swath width. Depending on the terrain the flight lines covering an
AOI might have to be flown at different ALT MSL.
• If not checked Leica FPES10 computes the lines covering an AOI such that all
flight lines can be flown at the same ALT MSL. Depending on the terrain this can
result in more lines, because Leica FPES10 has to adjust all lines to the flying
height valid for the line which is most critical
Surface Offset - If a DTM is loaded and DTM is checked Leica FPES10 determines the
min / max range within an AOI, Corridor or individual flight line. The offset is applied to
the max value during computation.
Terrain Offset - This filed displays the offset applied to the DTM. The offset can be
Flight Level
adjusted.
Along Track
• If the Use DTM and the Fix check boxes are not checked, the forward overlap value is taken
as minimum value for computation. The resulting forward overlap might be equal or higher

than the input value because the events are placed between the first and last event along the
line.
• If the Fix check box is checked, the forward overlap is taken as target value. The events are
distributed along the line with a forward overlap exactly as defined after computation. The
first and last events are allowed to move during computation. That line is slightly extended
on the start and end side.
Base length (for film or digital frame sensors) – If this value is entered, the events are
distributed along the flight line with a base length exactly as defined. The first and last events
are allowed to move during computation. That is, the stereoscopically covered area is slightly
extended across the flight direction.
Base length – Select the check box and type the distance between release points in feet,
meters, kilometers, or miles in this field. It is always fixed. This option cannot be used if the
‘Use DTM’ option is checked.
scale, and so on.
Safety factor – The introduction of an along track safety factor let you conveniently
optimize the flight planning without editing the polygon points of an AOI or the Line
beginning and end point. It results in an extension of the stereoscopically covered area at
both ends of the flight lines. The value is entered as a percentage of the image lengths on
ground. For LiDAR sensors the image length is defined by the swath width on ground which
depends on the FOV.
Using a safety factor ensures image capture. This lengthens the line e.g. to account for
Across Track
• Sidelap in % (for all sensor types):
• If the Use DTM and Fix check boxes are not checked, the sidelap value is taken
as minimum value for computation. The resulting sidelap might be equal or higher
than the input value because the flight lines are placed between the first and last
lines over the AOI.
• If the Fix check box is checked, the sidelap is taken as target value. The lines are
distributed over the AOI with a sidelap exactly as defined after computation. To
enable this, the first and last lines are allowed to be moved. That is, the
stereoscopically covered area is slightly extended across the flight direction.
• Line spacing (for all sensor types) – If you enter this value, the lines are distributed
across the AOI with line spacing exactly as defined. The first and last lines are allowed to
move during computation. That is, the stereoscopically covered area is slightly extended
across the flight direction.

in this field.
Line spacing – Type the distance between flight lines. Distance can be measured in feet,
meters, kilometers, or miles.
Safety factor – The introduction of an across track safety factor let you conveniently
optimize the flight planning without editing the polygon points of an AOI. It results in an
extension of the stereoscopically covered area across track. For computation the AOI area is
extended. The value is entered as a percentage of the image or swath width on ground.
Using a safety factor ensures image capture. An extended area is covered by lines, e.g. to
Corridor
Width – Type the swath with of the corridor. If the width exceeds the swath, Leica FPES10
computes also for corridor parallel lines

and miles.
Impact of planning parameter line direction for computation of corridor lines
• If not defined and the Auto-Split corridor check box is not checked, Leica FPES10
optimizes the line direction so that the corridor is covered stereoscopically by the
least number of parallel lines.
• If not defined but the Auto-Split check box is checked, Leica FPES10 optimizes the
number of lines and line directions so that the corridor is covered by the least
number of individual lines.
• If defined and the Auto-Split corridor check box is not checked, Leica FPES10
computes the line according to the desired direction so that the corridor is covered
stereoscopically by parallel lines.
• If defined and the Auto-Split check box is checked, Leica FPES10 computes the
line according to the desired direction so that the corridor is covered
stereoscopically by parallel lines. FCMS shortens the lines automatically.
Auto split
Checkbox checked - Leica FPES10 splits the polyline automatically for coverage with a
minimum of straight lines. The settings made for line direction are taken into account.
azimuth is constant for section (between two polyline points) of the flight line. That is, at
each Polyline point the flight line direction may change. Typically such lines are flown using
helicopters.
Add Events over turns - Available only on flight plans for Frame Cameras. Check this
feature to add one additional event at each polyline point, if the azimuth of the flight line
changes for the next section. If this feature is activated, check after computation the
events located at a polyline point before and after an extra event. If events are too close
to each other, manually inactivate events to ensure that the remaining active events can
be fired by the camera during flight execution.
TAB AOIs
This tab provides information about each AOI contained in the selected flight plan.

[CellArray]
Displays information for the selections you made in the Customize Data View dialog in tabular
format. Click the Customize Data Columns button to access that dialog. There you can add,
remove, and change the order of the columns displayed in the CellArray.
Add a New AOI
Click this button to open the AOI Properties dialog and add a new AOI.
Edit the Selected AOI
Click this button to open the AOI Properties dialog.
Delete the Selected AOI(s)
Click this button to delete the AOI you selected in the CellArray. A dialog opens in which
you must confirm the deletion.
Export Data Grid
Click this button to export the contents of the CellArray to an *.xls, *.txt, or *.html file. The
available output formats depend on the plugins currently found on your computer system.
Click this button to open the Customize Data View dialog. There, you can select the fields
you want to display in the CellArray.
TAB RC30 Data Frame

If the sensor associated with the flight plan is a frame camera, this tab displays settings
associated with that sensor. If any other sensor is associated with the flight plan, this tab does
not display.
RC30 Data Frame

Use this section to predefine the content of the individual text line in this AOI that should be
annotated to each photograph of the flight line. Once the flight plan is executed, each
photograph is annotated according to the template.
Selected Item – Identifies the field selected by the user in the upper or lower frame section.
Global Text – Text that is valid for the entire flight plan. The contents are defined if the data
frame is assigned to a flight plan. You can enter and edit global text only at the flight plan
level.
Line Text – Individual text for each line. The contents might be defined if the data frame is
assigned to a flight plan. During flight planning you can edit or define the content individually
for each line. You can edit line text at the flight plan and flight line levels.
Chars Available – Identifies the maximum number of characters you can type in for a
Global Text or Line Text.
Upper Frame Upper Frame – Displays information to annotate during flight execution on
the upper margin of each photograph taken along the flight line. You can change the contents
of the field using the RC30 Data Frame dialog. The maximum number of characters is 100.
Lower Frame – Displays information to annotate during flight execution on the lower
margin of each photograph taken along the flight line. You can change the contents of the
field using the RC30 Data Frame dialog. The maximum number of characters is 100.
Buttons

RC30 Data Frame
General
This dialog lets you specify items for display in the upper and lower margins and each frame of the
RC30 camera. Please note the following:
• Limits – Up to 200 characters can be annotated on each aerial photograph: 100 characters
on the upper and lower margin. Data annotation is possible if the camera type is LEICA RC30
or an RC20 upgraded with the EDI.
• Data Frame Templates – During flight planning, a data frame template is assigned to the
flight plan. This template controls the annotation of each photograph during flight execution.
The data frame template is definable by you.
• Parameters – A template contains freely selectable parameters. Each parameter can have
preceding label text. During flight execution, all parameters in the template are replaced with
actual values.
• Text Fields – Two different types of text fields are available for inclusion in the template:
global text fields contain text valid for the entire flight plan, while free line/point text fields
contain individual text for each line. In a data frame template, only the length of the text
field is specified. The text is entered at the planning stage.
The number of characters for text fields is limited by the maximal left characters per margin
only. The number of free line text is limited to three per data frame template.
The LEICA RC30 supports the standard 7-bit ASCII character set. Do not use any other
characters than standard 7-bit ASCII characters in the freely definable text fields.
• Separators – A separator between each parameter or text field is automatically included in
the data frame. By default, this separator is a single space. You can remove or specify a
different separator.
Leica Geosystems AG RC30 Data Frame / 121

Creating a data frame template
You can open the RC30 Data Frame dialog by selecting RC30 Data Frame from the Configuration
menu.
Selection
Use this section to select the items you want to display.
[Selection List] – Select any of the items in this list for display.
Item Format Standard Numeric Remarks

Length Format
File Name XXXXXXXX 8 fix
Focal length ddd[.dd] 3 variable fractional part

user-definable
Free global text XXXX....XXXX user-defined

Free line/point text XXXX....XXXX user-defined maximal three
items per frame
Constant text 0
Image scale 100000 6 fix
ASCOT line/point number 008 3 fix
ASCOT line/point label A01 3 fix
ASCOT photo number 026A 4 fix
Camera photo counter 5374 4 fix
Date (long format) dd.mm.yyyy 10 fix
Date (short format) dd.mm.yy 8 fix

Date (American format) mm/dd/yy 8 fix
Local time hh:mm:ss[.ss] 8 variable fractional part

user-definable
UTC time hh:mm:ss[.ss] 8 variable fractional part

user-definable
Geographical Latitude ddmmss[.ss]N 7 variable fractional part

user-definable
Geographical Longitude ddmmss[.ss]E 8 variable fractional part

user-definable
WGS Latitude long ddmmss[.ss]N 7 variable fractional part

user-definable
WGS Longitude long ddmmss[.ss]E 8 variable fractional part

user-definable

WGS Latitude short ddmm[.mm]N 5 variable fractional part
user-definable
WGS Longitude short ddmm[.mm]E 6 variable fractional part

user-definable
Easting nnnnnnr 7 fix
Easting (ft) nnnnnnnr 8 fix
Northing nnnnnnr 7 fix

Northing (ft) nnnnnnnr 8 fix
Meridian ddd.d 5 fix
Zone number 3 2
Film speed FS200 5 parameter
includes label
Shutter speed 1/1000 6 parameter

includes label
Aperture f/5.6 1/3 9 parameter

includes label
Filter factor FF--- 5 parameter

includes label
Exposure correction EC---- 6 parameter

includes label
Spiral speed (v/h) v/h.10971 9 parameter

includes label
Image interval dt006.4 7 parameter

includes label
Image motion FMC-factor ds640 5 parameter

includes label
Voltage 27.6V 5 parameter

includes label
Vacuum -61 mb 5 parameter

includes label
Camera error ER00 4 parameter

includes label
Camera serial number CAM5142 7 parameter

includes label
Flying altitude (AMSL) nnnnr 56
Track over ground ddd[.d] 3 variable fractional part

user-definable

GPS quality index 3DD 3
Add an Item – Click this button to move the selected attribute to the Display list.
Remove an Item – Click this button to move the selected attribute from the Display
list back to the Selection list.
Edit
Select whether you want to make changes to the upper data frame or the lower data frame from
this dropdown list. The dropdown list becomes inactive if the Expose Internal Data check box is
checked.
Upper frame – Lets you view your selections in the Upper data frame field.
Lower frame – Lets you view your selections in the Lower data frame field.
Move Item Up in List – Click this button to move an attribute up in the Display list.
Move Item Down in List – Click this button to move an attribute down in the Display
list.
Expose Internal Data – Select this check box to lock the lower frame and display a default
set of parameters. You can now edit only the upper frame.
Delimiter Character – Type a character in this field to display between items and separate
them. If no character is specified a space separates the item in the data frame.
Item Details
Use this section to view and change information about the selected attribute.
Item Name – Displays the name of the selected attribute. This field is read-only.
Preview – Displays the default format for the item. This field is read-only.
Item Length – Displays the number of characters allotted for the item. This field is read-
only.
Text – Specify text for display in the text frame. This text cannot be overwritten.
Leading Text – Specify text to place in front of the item. For example, you might enter UTC
for the UTC time item, resulting in UTC-12:07:22. Not every option has an associated leading
text option. For example, File Name has this option, whereas Free global text does not.
Decimals – Type the number of digits to use after the decimal in a numeric value in this
field.
Total Digits – Displays the total number of digits in the field. This field is read-only.
Upper data frame

Displays the selections you made specific to the upper data frame.
Lower data frame

Displays the selections you made specific to the lower data frame.
Buttons
Open – Click this button to open a different ASCOT data frame.dfr file.
Save as – Click this button to open a standard file selector dialog.
Close – Click this button to discard any changes and close the dialog.

DTM Properties
This dialog displays the properties of the currently loaded DTM. All of the fields in this dialog are read-
only. You can open the DTM Properties dialog by selecting DTM Properties from the Project menu or
by clicking the DTM button .
General
Use this section to view the file name and type, as well as the coordinate system assigned to the
DTM.
Filename – The DTM file you loaded.
Coordinate System – The coordinate system associated with the DTM file.
Type – The type of DTM. Supported types include TIN or raster.
Extent
Use this section to view information about the bounding box that contains the DTM.
Top – The northern-most latitude or northing.
Left – The western-most longitude or easting.
Right – The eastern-most longitude or easting.
Bottom – The southern-most latitude or northing.
Width – The width of the DTM measured in current units.
Height – The height of the DTM measured in current units.
# Points – The total number of points in the DTM.
Avg Point Spacing – The average spacing between DTM points.
Elevation
Use this section to view elevation information, including minimum, maximum, and the difference
between them.
Minimum – The minimum elevation present in the DTM file.
Maximum – The maximum elevation present in the DTM file.
Difference – The difference between the maximum and minimum elevations in the DTM file.
Terrain Offset - The offset specified in the Project Property dialog for the DTM. it is applied
to all elevations.
Operations
Use this section to make adjustments to the DTM display or remove it from view.
Recenter in Viewer – Click this button to adjust the display so the center of the DTM is in
the center of the ViewPort.
Zoom to fit Viewer – Click this button to adjust the zoom level so that the entire DTM is
visible in the ViewPort.
Add to Project as Image – Click this button to open a dialog to create an image from the
currently loaded DTM. The image is automatically georeferenced and added to the project.
The size of the image depends on the size of the DTM in conjunction with its point spacing. A
TIFF file (.tif) is created in the same directory as the DTM. The area, type and resolution of
the image can be specified in the ‘Specify image Border’ dialog.
Unload from Project – Click this button to remove the DTM data from the memory.
Show Settings – Click this button to open the Project Property dialog, TAB Objects. Click to
the DTM. Then you can edit the terrain offset applied to that DTM.
¨
Leica Geosystems AG DTM Properties / 125

Buttons
Close – Click this button to close the DTM Properties dialog.
Leica Geosystems AG DTM Properties / 126

Graphic Object Properties
This dialog lets you set the default graphical properties for graphic objects, including points, lines,
polylines and polygons. You can open the Graphic Object Properties dialog by right-clicking the
graphic object in the Project Explorer or Data View and selecting Properties. This dialog has two tabs:
Attributes and Data.
TAB Attributes
This tab lets you specify the size, color, and style of a graphic object. You can also specify whether
to use the new settings as the default.
Label
Use this section to specify a name and description for the graphic object.
Name – Type a name for the graphic object in this field.
Description – Type a description of the graphic object in this field. This is optional
[Graphic Object] Properties

Use this section to specify settings for the graphic object. The settings vary for each graphic
object.
Line Width – Type a value in this field for the line width.
Line Color – Select a color for the line from this dropdown list. Click the More Colors button
Size – Type the size of the graphic object in this field.
Style – Select a style for the graphic object from this dropdown list.
Set as Default – Click this button to specify these settings as the default.
dialog.
GIS Object Type – Select a GIS object type from this dropdown list.
TAB Data
This tab lets you view the coordinates of the graphic object.
[CellArray]
Displays the coordinate information for the graphic object.
Buttons
Apply – Click this button to apply any changes.
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Leica Geosystems AG Graphic Object Properties / 128
Ground Control Point Properties
This dialog lets you change the properties of a ground control point. You can open the Ground Point
Properties dialog by right-clicking the Ground Control Points folder in Project Explorer and selecting
Add Control Point, or by right-clicking a ground control point and selecting Properties.
Ground Control Point

Use this section to change the name, type, and coordinates of a ground control point.
Label – Type a name for the ground control point in this field.
Type – Select a type of ground control point from this dropdown list. You can choose from
GNSS Reference Station, 2D, or 3D.
Description – Type a description of the graphical object in this field. This is optional.
Coordinates – Specifies the location of each ground control point in WGS84 or local
coordinates, depending on the active button as described below:
– Click these buttons to toggle between local and WGS84.
– Click this button to open the Enter Coordinates dialog.
Buttons
OK – Click this button to save any changes and close the dialog.
Leica Geosystems AG Ground Control Point Properties / 129

Leica Geosystems AG Ground Control Point Properties / 130
AOI Properties
This dialog lets you set flight planning properties for an AOI. You can open the AOI Properties dialog
by clicking the Properties button when an AOI is selected in the ViewPort or in the Project
Explorer. You can also access this dialog by right-clicking on an AOI in the Project Explorer and
selecting Properties.
The AOI Properties dialog is composed of the following tabs: Parameters, Lines, and AOI.
TAB Parameters
AOI, AOI-Corridor, AOI-Line

Name – Displays the name of the selected AOI.
Description – Displays the description of the selected AOI.
General
the ground sampling distance. Units displayed in brackets.
Line direction - not available for AOI type Line

Number of lines - Only available for AOI type Block
Checkbox unchecked - Leica FPES10 computes the number of lines based on the
planning parameters.
Checkbox checked - Type the number of lines the AOI can contain in the field. During
computation Leica FPES10 adapts the planning parameters, if required.
Lock at – Only available for AOI type Block.
Select one of the following options from this dropdown list.
None – Disables the locking feature. Images are captured in accordance with the
software-calculated events.
Leica Geosystems AG AOI Properties / 131

Begin/End – This feature is useful if the start point and the end point of a line do not
correspond to the begin and the end of the stereoscopic areas, e.g. for an old-styled
planning where the begin and end points are equal to the first and last photo center on a
line. This option cannot be used if either one of the following options is checked:
• ‘Use DTM’
• along track overlap ‘fixed’
• a length is entered.
Coordinate – This option is to align the lines and for frame sensors also the photo center
to a raster. It ensures that a specific coordinate location is captured. That coordinate is
located at the center of the captured image or at the center line of the swath of Line or
LiDAR sensors.
This option should only be used for frame sensors if either along track AND across track
overlap are fix or if the base length AND the line spacing are defined.
This option should only be used for line or LiDAR sensors if either across track overlap is
fix or line spacing is defined.
– Click these buttons to toggle between local and global coordinates. Global
coordinates are always in WGS84.
Corridor
Only available for AOI type Corridor
Width – Type the swath with of the corridor.

and miles.
Auto split
Checkbox checked - Leica FPES10 splits the polyline automatically for coverage with a
minimum of straight lines. The settings made for line direction are taken into account.
azimuth is constant for section (between two polyline points) of the flight line. That is, at
each Polyline point the flight line direction may change. Typically such lines are flown using
helicopters.
Add Events over turns - Check this feature to add one additional event at each polyline
point, if the azimuth of the flight line changes for the next section. If this feature is
activated, check after computation the events located at a polyline point before and after
an extra event. If events are too close to each other, manually inactivate events to ensure
that the remaining active events can be fired during flight execution.

Elevation

and miles.
viewer The default setting for this option is taken from the application preferences settings.
Allow different flying heights – Select this check box to allow variable flying heights in
the flight lines covering the AOI to accommodate local terrain. It uses a DTM that is linked
to the project and loaded into the viewer. The default setting for this option is taken from
the application preferences settings.
within the AOI. This takes objects above the surface level into account.
Along Track
percentage of overlap between adjacent frames in this field. This percentage can be change
in the calculation process.
scale, and so on.
stereoscopically covered area at both ends of the flight lines. The value is entered as a % of
the image lengths on ground. For LiDAR sensors the image length is defined by the swath
width on ground which depends on the FOV.
Across Track
in this field.

Line spacing – Type the distance between flight lines. Distance can be measured in feet,
meters, kilometers, or miles.
Safety factor – The introduction of an across track safety factor results in an extension of
the stereoscopically covered area across track. For computation the AOI area is extended.
The value is entered as a percentage of the image or swath width on ground.
Using a safety factor ensures image capture. An extended area is covered by lines, e.g. to
Flight Level
adjusted.
[CellArray]
Presents information you specified in tabular format.
Item – Displays characteristics of the AOI.
Computed – Displays values calculated from the entries you made above.
Planned – Displays values as you originally specified them.
TAB Lines
This tab provides information about each flight line contained in the selected AOI.
Labelling Rules
Use this section to control the labels associated with each flight line in the AOI. Labels can
contain numbers (0-9) and letters (A-Z). The amount of digits do not change and the mode of
each digit (number or letter) remain the same.
Initial value – Type a value to designate the label assigned to the first flight line in the AOI.
Used in conjunction with the Increment field, this value controls the labelling of each flight
line in the AOI.
Increment – Type the number by which you want the initial value to increment for all
subsequent flight lines. For example, an initial value of 035 and an increment value of 2
results in the next flight line being labelled 037.
Update – Click this button to accept the initial value and increment values, and update the
contents of the CellArray.
[CellArray]
Presents selections you made in the Customize Data View dialog in tabular format.
Append a New Flight Line
Click this button to open the Flight Line Properties dialog.
Edit the Selected Flight Line
Click this button to open the Flight Line Properties dialog.

Delete the Selected Flight Line(s)
Click this button to delete the flight line you selected in the CellArray. A dialog opens in
which you must confirm your choice to delete the flight line.
Export Data Grid
Click this button to open a standard file selector where you can navigate to the directory of
your choice and save the current contents of the CellArray in *.htm, *.html, *.txt, *.xls or *.raw
format. The available output formats depend on the plugins currently found on your computer
system.
Click this button to open the Customize Data View dialog where you can select the fields
you want to display in the CellArray. You can also add, remove, and change the order of the
columns in the CellArray.
TAB AOI / Corridor

This tab provides information about the coordinate positions of each individual vertex of the AOI
type block and corridor.
[CellArray]
Provides information about each vertex location in the AOI.
# – Displays vertices that make up the AOI. They are numbered sequentially in the CellArray.
Click a number to see its location in the AOI Preview window.
Local Position – Displays the latitude and longitude (or easting/northing, depending on the
chosen projection) of the selected point.
WGS84 Position – Displays the WGS84 coordinate system location of the selected point.
Insert / add a Point to the Polygon or Polyline
Click in the CellArray to the desired point. Click this button to open the Enter
Coordinates dialog. There, you can specify coordinates for a new vertex to be added to the
polygon or polyline after the selected point.
Edit the Selected Point
Click this button to open the Enter Coordinates dialog. There, you can alter the coordinates
of the selected existing point.
Delete the Selected Point(s)
Click this button to delete points you selected in the CellArray. You must confirm your
choice to delete points in the Delete Polygon Points dialog.
Import Polygon / Polyline Points

Click this button to open a standard file selector. There, you can navigate to the directory
of your choice and import polygon/ polyline points from an ASCII *.txt file. The coordinate
system for the imported points should be the same as the current flight plan or WGS84. The
source file can contain 2, 3, or 7 numbers per line, as follows:
• For 2 numbers, they correspond to X and Y coordinates.
• For 3 numbers, they correspond to X, Y, and Z (height). The order of the numbers should be
east, north, height for grid systems. For geographic systems, the order of the numbers
should be latitude, longitude, height.
• For 7 numbers, they should correspond to index, localX, localY, localZ, geoX, geoY, and geoZ.
The following is an example of each 2-, 3-, and 7-parameter format:
- 2 parameters: East:655753.6 / North:184998.1
- 3 Parameters: East:655753.6 / North:184998.1 / Height:400.0
- 7 Parameters: 0 East:65573.6 / North:184998.1 / Height:400.0 46°48'49.7"N /

8°10'09.0"E / H:449.3
The hemisphere indicator can be in front or behind the coordinate value. The coordinate system
of the imported positions must be the same as the current flight plan system. There is a
maximum of one space allowed between elements in a line. Also, make sure that the characters
are in UNICODE 8. The format for geographic coordinates can be one of the following:
46°48'49.7"N or 46 48 49.7 N or 46 48 49.7N.
Example: FPES AOI polygon export output format (Easting, Northing Height / Lat, Long, Height)
# Local Position WGS84 Position

0 655753.6 184998.1 400.0 46°48'49.7"N 8°10'09.0"E 449.3
1 655735.9 184857.1 400.0 46°48'45.1"N 8°10'08.1"E 449.3
2 655639.0 184804.2 400.0 46°48'43.5"N 8°10'03.5"E 449.3
…
Example: 3 Parameters, Grid, Switzerland (Easting, Northing, Height):
East:655753.6 North:184998.1 Height:400.0
…
Example: 2 parameters, Grid, Switzerland (Easting, Northing):
East:655753.6 North:184998.1
East:655735.9 North:184857.1
East:655639.0 North:184804.2
…
Example: 2 Parameters, Switzerland, different format (Easting, Northing):
655753.6 184998.1
655735.9 184857.1
655639.0 184804.2
…
Example: 3 Parameters, Geographic (Lat, Long, Height):

46°48'49.7"N 8°10'09.0"E 449.3
46°48'45.1"N 8°10'08.1"E 449.3
46°48'43.5"N 8°10'03.5"E 449.3
…
Example: 2 Parameters, Geographic (Lat, Long):
46°48'49.7"N 8°10'09.0"E
46°48'45.1"N 8°10'08.1"E
46°48'43.5"N 8°10'03.5"E
…
Example: 2 Parameters, Geographic, different Format (Lat, Long):
N 46°48'49.7" E 8°10'09.0"
N 46°48'45.1" E 8°10'08.1"
N 46°48'43.5" E 8°10'03.5"
Export Polygon / Polyline Points
Click this button to open the ListView Export Options dialog. Specify your options, and
then click OK to open a standard file selector. There, you can navigate to the directory of your
choice and save the current contents of the CellArray in Excel table (*.xls) format, a text file
(*.txt), or an HTML file (*.htm and *.html). The available output formats depend on the plugins
currently found on your computer system.
AOI Preview
The AOI preview provides you with a graphical representation of the selected AOI. Use the
buttons below to control what displays in the AOI Preview window.
Displays the shape of the AOI. If you selected specific vertices in the CellArray, those
display as red dots in the AOI Preview window.
Displays flight lines associated with the AOI.
Displays events associated with the AOI.

TAB RC30 Data Frame
not display.
RC30 Data Frame

Use this section to predefine the content of the individual text line in this AOI that should be
annotated to each photograph of the flight line. Once the flight plan is executed, each
photograph is annotated according to the template.
level.
Buttons
OK – Click this button to accept any changes and close the dialog without recomputing.
Compute – Click this button to apply changes and verify results in the CellArray. The graphics in
the ViewPort do not change.
Compute + OK – Click this button to apply changes, compute the AOI, close the dialog, and
then view the updated graphics in the ViewPort.

Flight Line Properties
This dialog lets you view the properties of the selected flight line. You can open the Flight Line
Properties dialog by clicking the Properties button while a flight line is selected in the ViewPort
or in the Project Explorer. You can also open this dialog by right-clicking a flight line in the Project
Explorer and selecting Properties.
The Flight Line Properties dialog is divided into the following tabs: Properties and Events. You might
also see a tab called RC30 Data Frame if an RC30 sensor is selected for data collection.
TAB Properties
Line
Use this section to view or change the label and description of the flight line.
Label – Displays the label of each flight line. You can change the label in this field.
Number - Displays the number of each flight line. The number is given by Leica FPES10. The
user can change it only indirectly in the Flight Line Sequence dialog by defining the flight line
sequence within a flight plan
Description – Type or change the description of the flight line in this field.
General
Use this section to provide general information about the attributes of the flight line.
the ground sampling distance.
Number of Events - Only available for frame sensors
Checkbox unchecked - Leica FPES10 computes the number of Events/Frames based on

the planning parameters.
Checkbox checked - Type the number of Events/Frames for the computed flight line.
During computation Leica FPES10 adapts image scale or GSD planning parameters, if
required to cover the line with the desired forward overlap.
Elevation
Reference Height – Type the highest height and lowest height of the range of terrain

and miles.
Leica Geosystems AG Flight Line Properties / 139

viewer The default setting for this option is taken from the application preferences settings.
within the Line. This takes objects above the surface level into account.
Along Track
Use this section to control the amount of overlap in the along track direction.
scale, and so on.
stereoscopically covered area at both ends of the flight lines. The value is entered as a
percentage of the image lengths on ground. For LiDAR sensors the image length is defined by
the swath width on ground which depends on the FOV.
Flight Level
Check this option to compute the flying height of the flight line adjusted to flight levels.
adjusted.
Coordinates
Use this section to view or change coordinates for the flight line.
Begin – Identifies the start coordinate of the flight line in the Label field. You can change the
information in this field.
– Click these buttons to toggle between local and global coordinates. Global
coordinates are always in WGS84.

End – Identifies the last coordinate of the flight line in the Label field. You can change the
information in this field.

– Click this button to reverse the direction of the flight line. The End position
becomes the beginning and vice versa.
Lock at – Select one of the following options from this dropdown list:
None – Disables the locking feature. Images are captured in accordance with the
software calculated events.
Begin/End – This feature is useful if the start point and the end point of a line do not
correspond to the begin and the end of the stereoscopic areas, e.g. for an old-styled
planning where the begin and end points are equal to the first and last photo center on a
line. This option cannot be used if either one of the following options is checked:
• ‘Use DTM’
• along track overlap ‘fixed’
• a length is entered.
Coordinate – Ensures a specific coordinate location is captured. That coordinate is

located at the center of the captured image.
The edited coordinate is projected back onto the original flight line to ensure that it rests
on the line.
This selection is useless for Line or LiDAR sensors.

[CellArray] – Presents the information for the option you selected from the Look at
dropdown list in tabular form.
TAB Events
This tab provides information about each of the events located along the flight line.
[CellArray]
Displays information about each event along a specific flight line, including location and name.
You can select specific events in the Data View for further examination. The contents of the
CellArray depend on the selections you made in the Customize Data View dialog. Click the
Insert New Event at Current Selection
Click this button to insert a new event.
Edit the Selected Event
Click this button to open the Event Properties dialog.
Delete the Selected Event
Click this button to delete the flight line you selected in the CellArray. A dialog opens in
which you must confirm the deletion.

Export the Current List View
Click this button to open a standard file selector. There you can navigate to the directory of
your choice and save the current contents of the CellArray in *.htm, *.html, *.txt, *.xls or *.raw
format. The available output formats depend on the plugins currently found on your computer
system.
Customize the Current List View
Click this button to open the Customize Data View dialog. There you can select the
information you want to display in the CellArray.
TAB RC30 Data Frame
not display.
RC30 Data Frame

Use this section to predefine the content of the individual line texts that should be annotated to
each photograph of the flight line. Once the flight plan is executed, each photograph is
annotated according to the template.
level.
Buttons
OK – Click this button to accept any changes and close the dialog without recomputing.
Compute – Click this button to apply changes and view results.
Compute + OK – Click this button to apply changes, view results, and save results.

Event Properties
This dialog lets you view the properties of the selected event. You can open the Event Properties
dialog by clicking the Properties button while an event is selected in the ViewPort or in the Project
Explorer. You can also access this dialog by right-clicking an event in the Project Explorer and
selecting Properties. This dialog has one tab: Planning.
Planning
Object
Use this section to view the name and enter a description of the event.
Name – Displays the unique name, of each event (also called a waypoint or exposure
station). This field is read-only.
Description – Type or change the description of the event in this field. This is optional.
Origin
Use this section to view information about the origin (ancestors) of this event. These fields are
not editable.
Flight Plan – Identifies the name of the parent flight plan.
AOI – Identifies the name of the parent AOI.
Flight Line – Identifies the name of the parent flight line.
Properties
Use this section to view the properties of an event.
Coordinates – Specifies the location of each event in WGS84 or local coordinates,
depending on the active button as described below:
– Click these buttons to toggle between local and WGS84 coordinates,

respectively.
– Click this button to open the Enter Coordinates dialog where you can change the
location of an event.
Scale – Displays the image scale for frame cameras. This field is read-only.
Reference Height – Displays the height of the selected event, which corresponds to the
height of the flight line. This field is read-only.
Direction of Approach – Displays a value that corresponds to the line direction. It is the
azimuth at which the plane flies over this point. This field is read-only.
Type – Describes the event. The Start type indicates the first point in a flight line, while
subsequent events have the Release type. The last point in a flight line has the End type.
This field is read-only.
Status – Indicates whether a particular event was captured with a camera. A Planned status
indicates an uncaptured event; a FullRecorded status indicates a captured event. This field is
read-only.
Leica Geosystems AG Event Properties / 143

Buttons
Leica Geosystems AG Event Properties / 144

Flight Properties
This dialog displays actual flight data for each flight. You can open the Flight Properties dialog by
right-clicking a flight in the Project Explorer and selecting Properties.
Aircraft
Displays the identification of the aircraft as defined in Leica FCMS for flight execution. This is
preferably the aircraft’s unique tail number.
Flight Number
Displays the project flight number for an aircraft. If it is unknown, Unk is displayed. The flight
number is not unique.
UTC Start Time

Displays the date and time of the beginning of the flight.
UTC End Time

Displays the date and time of the end of the flight.
Flight Path Resolution

Type a value to adjust the resolution of the flight path to be read from the database in this field.
As shorter the interval the higher the resolution as more memory is required. If the system
becomes heavily loaded, increase the interval to reduce the flight path resolution. Click to Re-
Load to activate the new setting.
Buttons
Close – Click this button to close the dialog.
Re-load – Click this button to reload the flight path from the database. Execute this command if
the parameter ‘Flight Path Resolution’ was changed.
Clear – Click this button to remove the portions of the flight path that are not part of planned
flight lines from the memory and display.
Leica Geosystems AG Flight Properties / 145

Leica Geosystems AG Flight Properties / 146
Graphic Object Properties [# of Objects]
This dialog lets you set the default properties for multiple graphic objects. You can open the Graphic
Object Properties [# of Objects] dialog by right-clicking two or more graphic objects in the Data View
and selecting Properties. This dialog has one tab: Attributes.
Attributes
This tab lets you specify the size, color, width, and style of each object. You can also specify whether
to use the new settings as the default.
[Graphic object] Properties

Use this section to specify any of the following options for each graphic object. The settings vary
for each graphic object.
[Check Box] – Uncheck this check box if you don’t want to specify options for a specific
object type.
Size – Type the size of the object in this field.
Style – Select a style for the object from this dropdown list.
Line Width – Type a value in this field for the line width.
Line Color – Select a color for the line from this dropdown list. Click the More Colors button
Set as Default – Click this button to specify these settings as the default.
GIS Object Type – Select a GIS object type from this dropdown list.
Buttons
Apply – Click this button to apply any changes. The dialog remains open.
Leica Geosystems AG Graphic Object Properties [# of Objects] /

Leica Geosystems AG Graphic Object Properties [# of Objects] /
Enter Coordinates
This dialog lets you view or change coordinates for a point in the selected object, such as the
beginning point of a flight line. You can open the Enter Coordinates dialog by clicking the button
associated with a grid or coordinate system. For example, if you view the properties of a flight line,
you can access this dialog from the Properties tab detailing the beginning of a flight line.
Object
This section displays 3-D coordinates about the selected object. The coordinate system is that of
the active flight plan.
Latitude/Longitude/Height – Specifies the latitude (Y), longitude (X), and height (Z) of
the selected object, such as the beginning point of a flight line. You can type new coordinates
in the fields. These fields display only for geographic coordinate systems.
Easting/Northing/Height – Specifies the easting (x), northing (y), and height (z) of the
selected point. You can type new coordinates in the fields. These fields are only for grid
coordinate systems.
Image
This section displays 3-D coordinates about the selected object. The coordinate system is that of
the image/map loaded to the active graphic window.
in the fields. These fields display only for geographic coordinate systems.
Easting/Northing/Height – Specifies the easting (x), northing (y), and height (z) of the
selected point. You can type new coordinates in the fields. These fields are only for grid
coordinate systems.
WGS84
This section displays the WGS84 position of the selected object.
in the fields.
Cogwheel – After a new value was entered, click this button to convert the coordinates to
the remaining two coordinate systems in the dialog.
Buttons
OK – Click this button to accept the coordinate calculation and close the dialog.
Leica Geosystems AG Enter Coordinates / 149

Leica Geosystems AG Enter Coordinates / 150
General
During flight line computation Leica FPES10 assigns to each flight line a unique number. Each time
an AOI is computed the lines are continuously numbered, starting with the next lowest number
available in the flight plan. After several flight planning optimizations with the required computations,
the flight lines are not necessarily numbered in a continuous sequence starting at number one. If the
Flight Line Sequence dialog is selected, Leica FPES10 re-numbers all flight lines in the flight plan such
that it starts with number one and all lines are continuously numbered. Therefore, it is recommended
before exporting a project, to reset the numbers in all flight plans. That is, open the Flight Line
Sequence dialog even if it is not intended to rearrange the flight line sequence as described below.
Flight Line Sequence dialog lets you define the flight line sequence for flight execution during flight
planning. The flight line sequence is the order in which to fly the flight lines, and it is independent of
the flight line name (Label field). In flight execution with FCMS, you can execute the flight lines in the
planned order (as defined in Leica FPES10), in the order reverse to planning (reverse as defined in
Leica FPES10), or you can select the Auto search for nearest route option in FCMS. During flight
execution with FCMS the user can any time override the defined flight line sequence.
A flight line sequence is usually defined for corridor mapping flight plans. It is recommended that you
define the flight line sequence at the very end of flight planning. The Flight Line Sequence dialog can
be selected from the quick menu when you right-click the Flight Plan or the Flight Lines folder in
Project Explorer.
That is, open the Flight Line Sequence dialog even if it is not intended to rearrange the flight line
sequence.
Flight line dialog
Flight Lines
Displays information about all of the flight lines in the current flight plan. Select one or more
flight lines to move them up or down in the list using the four arrow buttons. Click the Customize
Data Columns button to change the information display.
Move to Top – Click this button to move the selected flight lines to the top of the list.
Move Up – Click this button to move the selected flight lines up one line in the list.
Move Down – Click this button to move the selected flight lines down one line in the
list.
Move to Bottom – Click this button to move the selected flight lines to the bottom of
the list.
Customize Data Columns – Click this button to open the Customize Data View
dialog. There, you can select and rearrange the information you want displayed in the
CellArray.
Leica Geosystems AG Flight Line Sequence / 151

Buttons
Leica Geosystems AG Flight Line Sequence / 152

Flight Line Investigator
This dialog lets you investigate a flight line. You can investigate a planned line as well as recordings
(flights) of that line. A DTM must be loaded and the footprint of the flight line must be calculated.
Leica FPES10 provides a plan view of the flight line. The footprint and some surrounding areas are
displayed as color coded graphs. Depending on the sensor type the graphics shows color coded either
GSD, photo scale or LiDAR point density. Minimum and maximum values can be set to define the
range of desired data resolution for the flight line. Areas with a resolution outside the defined range
are shown in red/magenta/black color.
Leica FPES10 provides also a profile view of the flight line. In this view the split line function is
available.
You can open this dialog by right-clicking a flight line in the Project Explorer and selecting Flight Line
Investigator.
TAB Footprint
Line
Select from the drop down list the planning or a recording (flight).
Inside only
Check this box to display color coded information only inside the footprint of the flight line. If the
box is not checked color coded information is displayed inside the footprint and also on the area
surrounding the foot print.
Quality
This number specifies the display resolution of the graphics. Adjust this number if the graphic
resolution is not satisfying. The flight line length has an impact. The value might be different for
short and long lines.
Update
Confirm this button after the quality change.
Lower height and upper height

This defines reference values for flight line investigation. If the Flight Line Investigation dialog is
selected Leica FPES10 sets as reference defaults the lowest and highest elevation within the
footprint. The default values can be adjusted. These values are used to scale the color coding in
the graphic representation of the line foot print. See color code in graphics below.
Sliders
The sliders located on the right side of the dialog are used to adjust the lower height and the
upper height.
Color code in graphic

Orange / Red - GSD larger, photoscale smaller or point density lower than specified
Yellow - GSD, photoscale or point density as specified with the low terrain slider
Green / Cyan / Blue - GSD, photoscale or point density between specified ranges
Leica Geosystems AG Flight Line Investigator / 153

Grey - GSD, photoscale or point density as specified with the high terrain slider
Magenta / Black - GSD smaller, photoscale larger or point density higher than specified
X, Y
Terrain coordinates at cursor position
Terrain Heights
Terrain height at cursor position
Image Scale / GSD / Point Density

Value at cursor position. Type depends on the sensor type.
GS
Displayed for recorded flight lines only. GS during data acquisition at cursor position. Leica
FPES10 projects the cursor position perpendicular to the flight line.
TAB Profile
Line
Select from the drop down list the planning or a recording (flight).
Split Mode
Check this box to activate the split mode. The terrain profile is convenient to find the preferred
location to split the line. After a line was split the Flight Line Investigation dialog quits.
X, Y
Terrain coordinates along the flight line at cursor position
Z
Height at cursor position
Terrain Height
Terrain height below the flight line at cursor position
ALT AGL
Altitude above ground level of the flight line at cursor position
GS
Displayed for recorded flight lines only. GS during data acquisition at cursor position.
Buttons
Leica Geosystems AG Flight Line Investigator / 154

Ground Point Feedback
This dialog lets you get detailed information for a Line or Event. You can open the Ground Point
Feedback dialog by selecting Ground Point Feedback from the View menu.
How to work with this dialog

1. Load a DTM.
2. Open the Ground Point Feedback dialog.
3. Select a Line or Event.
4. Set the cursor into drawing mode (either AOI, Corridor, line or one of the graphic objects).
5. Select in the Ground Point Feedback dialog the desired function. See below.
6. Move the cursor within the selected object to get feedback about the current location.
Dialog details
Point
Displays the terrain coordinates at the cursor position.
Coordinate System
Displays the coordinate system defined in the Flightplan. The first line displays the horizontal
system, while the second line displays the vertical datum.
Function
Select one of the following from this dropdown list:
None – No function is selected.
Image Scale / GSD– Displays image scale or GSD (depends on the sensor type) for the
information for the area on the selected image that is directly beneath the cursor.
Overlap – Displays overlap information for the area on the selected image that is directly
beneath the cursor.
Data displayed for function ‘Image Scale / GSD’

Selected Object – Displays the Type and name/number of the object that you selected.
Altitude AMSL - Displays the flying height AMSL. Data are shown in this field if either a
flight line or an event is selected. The cursor has to be inside the footprint of the object.
Terrain Elevation at Cursor - Displays the terrain elevation at current cursor location. Data
are displayed if either a flight line or an event is selected and if the cursor is inside the
footprint of the object.
GSD [cm] at Cursor - The field is shown for digital frame or line sensors only. Displays the
GSD at current cursor location. Data are displayed if either a flight line or an event is selected
and if the cursor is inside the footprint of the object.
Image Scale at Cursor - The field is shown for film sensors only. Displays the Image Scale
at current cursor location. Data are displayed if either a flight line or an event is selected and
if the cursor is inside the footprint of the object.
Data displayed for function ‘Overlap’

Selected Object – Displays the type and name of the object that you selected.
Line selected
Leica Geosystems AG Ground Point Feedback / 155

Distance along Line – Identifies the horizontal distance of the cursor from the starting
point of the line along track.
Object – Identifies the flight line that is Previous and Next to the selected line.
Overlap – Identifies the percentage of overlap with the Previous line and the Next line.
Event selected - useless for line sensors
Distance across Line – Identifies the horizontal distance of the cursor from the flight
line across track.
Object – Identifies the Event that is Previous and Next to the selected Event.
Overlap – Identifies the percentage of forward overlap with the Previous event and the
Next event.
Buttons
Leica Geosystems AG Ground Point Feedback / 156

Remaining Parts Options
This dialog lets you modify flight plans. It set lines or parts of them inactive which are successfully
flown. Lines or parts of lines are considered to be successfully flown if they are flown and either are
accepted or not rejected. If only a part of a line is successfully flown the remaining active part is
calculated by Leica FPES10 taking a safety margin into account. The safety margin definition depends
on the type of sensor. For frame cameras it is the number of additional frames added to ensure
overlap with the successfully flown part of the line. For line or LiDAR sensors it is a line extension to
ensure overlap with the successfully flown part of the line. The line is extended by the swath width
of the sensor multiplied by the factor defined in this dialog.
You can open the Evaluations Options dialog by selecting Calculate Remaining Parts from the Flight
Plan, AOI, AOI-Corridor or Line quick menus.
Safety factor in repeat

This option appears only for line sensors. Type a value. If a line is going to be re-flown partially
the active part of the line is extended by the swath width of the sensor multiplied by this value.
The minimum value for this setting is 1. This ensures no gap but also no overlap.
Additional photos in repeat

This option is for frame cameras only. Type the number of photos to take in addition. If a line is
going to be re-flown partially the active part of the line is extended by the number of photos. The
minimum value for this setting is 0. This ensures no gap but only the preset overlap to the next
photo.
Consider flown elements as good

Use this section to specify which elements are good and which elements to refly.
During flight execution FCMS will mark lines or part of lines, with a warning or error condition if
necessary. Along the flight line also the user can manually set and release the error flag.
Lines or part of lines which are flown with a warning condition are considered successfully flown.
The user can override this by rejecting the line explicitly.
Lines or parts of lines which are marked with errors during flight are considered not flown. The
user can override this by accepting the line explicitly.
Explicitly accepted – Click this button to specify that only those flown lines explicitly
marked as Accepted are to be considered good (that is, having their acceptance flag set to
Accepted).
Not rejected – Click this button to specify that all flown elements are to be considered good
unless marked as Rejected or marked during flight execution by FCMS or the user as flown
under error condition.
Buttons
OK – Click this button to accept any changes and start computing the remainder of your flight
plan, AOI, AOI-Corridor or line. This might take a few seconds to complete.
Leica Geosystems AG Remaining Parts Options / 157

Leica Geosystems AG Remaining Parts Options / 158
Chapter4•Flight Plan Data Base

Select Project to Open
This dialog lets you open a project stored in the flight plan database. You can access this dialog by
selecting Open from the File menu, or by clicking the Open button on the toolbar.
[Project List]
Displays a list of available projects.
Locked – Indicates that the project version is protected, and cannot be saved with new
information or edits you make. Instead, use the Save As option to save the project under the
same name. In this case the version number is incremented. You also can save the Project
with a different name. A project without this symbol is opened read-write by default. See
Open unlocked Copy below for additional information.
Name – Select the name of the project you want to open in this list. Each project has a
unique name.
Version – Displays the version of the project. The version number is incremented each time
FPES/FCMS or ASCOT data is added to an existing project or the project is saved under the
same name using Save As.
Last Change UTC – Displays the date the most recent save to the project were made.
Created on UTC – Displays the date the project was originally created and saved.
Description – Displays information about the selected project.
Last Change – Displays information about the last change made to the project.
Recent
Select a project you recently opened in Leica FPES10 from this dropdown list.
Name
Displays in this field the name of the project you selected in the project list.
Description
Displays information about the selected project in this field.
Open unlocked Copy

This check box is available only when the project you selected has the Locked symbol associated
with it. If the check box is not selected, you can open the project, but you cannot save edits to it.
Instead, use the Save As option to save your edits.
Select this check box to open a locked project in read-write mode. A copy with an increased
version is created and opened instead of the locked one. This creates a branch in the history tree
of this project. (For more information, see Project History.)
If the project is not locked, it always opens in read-write mode and you can save changes to it.
Use the Save option to save your work, or use the Save As option to save your changes with a
new name or to save it with the same name as increased version.
Buttons
Open – Click this button to open the selected project and close the dialog.
Project History – Click this button to display the project history. The History dialog opens. See
Project History.)
Leica Geosystems AG Select Project to Open / 161

Should you move data from computer A to computer B, you should follow these steps. First, start
Leica FPES10 on computer A. Next, select Tools -> Database Utilities -> Backup to external
file. Then, start Leica FPES10 on computer B and select Tools -> Database Utilities -> Restore
from external file to restore the database. SQL scripts can also be used for data migration. Details
are given in the document Leica FPES10_InstConfig. You should also copy the spheroid.tab file
from computer A to computer B (located in <Geospatial Imaging HOME>/etc) and any *.plb files
(located in <Geospatial Imaging HOME>/etc/projections). Make sure you are not overwriting or
deleting other custom coordinate systems that might be present on computer B.
Leica Geosystems AG Select Project to Open / 162

Enter Name and Description for Project to Save
This dialog lets you enter a name and description for a new project, and then save that information.
You can open the Enter Name and Description for Project to Save dialog by clicking the Save as
button on the Leica FPES10 toolbar. You can also open this dialog by selecting Save as from the
File menu.
To increment the version of a Project in the flight plan data base use Save as and store the project
with the same name. To retrieve a previous version click the button Project History
[Project List]
Displays a list of all existing projects.
Name – Displays the unique name of the project.
Version – Displays the current version of the project. Changes you make to the project
increment the version number by 1.
Last Change UTC – Displays the date the most recent edits to the project were made.
Created on UTC – Displays the original date the project was created and saved.
Description – Displays a description of the project.
Last Change – Displays information about the origin of the project.
Recent
Select a recently saved project to open from this drop-down list.
Name
Type the name of the new project in this field.
Description
Type a description of the new project in this field.
Buttons
Save – Click this button to save the new project and close the dialog.
Project History – Click this button to open the History dialog.
Leica Geosystems AG Enter Name and Description for Project to

Leica Geosystems AG Enter Name and Description for Project to
History
This dialog facilitates the management of the project history. The History dialog opens when you click
the Project History button in the Select Project to Open dialog, and in several other dialogs opened
from the File menu.
Root Project
Displays the project and version whose relationship is being examined, together with detailed
information about when and how this version was created.
Selected Project
Displays detailed information about the project version that is currently selected either in section
Ancestors or in section Descendants.
Ancestors
Displays the tree of all ancestors of the root project. If a project has more than one ancestor in
this tree, it was merged at this point. A project marked Not Present was either explicitly deleted
from the database or exists on another computer. The Ancestors tree does not show any
information about descendants.
Descendants
Displays the tree of all descendants of the root project. If a project has more than one child in
this tree, it was branched at this point (modified in at least two different ways). The Descendants
tree does not show any information about ancestors.
Buttons
Select – Click this button to select the marked project and close the dialog. You are returned to
the parent dialog (usually the Select Project to Open dialog) with the current item selected. This
button is disabled if the selected project is not available.
Cancel – Click this button to return to the parent dialog.
Set Root to Selected Node – Click this button to set the root node to the selected node,
updating both the Ancestors and Descendants trees accordingly.
Please read FPES Project Versioning for a more detailed analysis of project history, versioning, and
how this dialog is used to manage them.
Leica Geosystems AG History / 165

Leica Geosystems AG History / 166
Leica FPES10 Project Versioning
Leica FPES10 supports versioning of project changes over time. This means that Leica FPES10 keeps
a history of changes for each project in the database. This lets you track changes to a project. It is
also possible to store several independent project executions (flights) inside the same database, or
to review the flight progress of large projects at a glance. Leica FPES10 also ensures that you won’t
make unwanted changes to older projects or executions. Making modifications to a copy of an older
version of a project is possible by creating a branch in the project history.
The Select Project to Open Dialog

The starting point for all history-related operations is the Select Project to Open dialog (or one
similar to it, like Save As or Delete), which is shown below.
This dialog shows only the most recent versions of a project (unless it has several branches). The
Locked symbol on the left indicates that you cannot modify this specific project because one or more
newer versions of the project exists. You can, however, make a copy of this project and continue your
work on that copy. This copy gets an increased version number. A project is also locked if it is
exported from the database either for flight or for analysis on another computer. This ensures you’ve
got a backup version of the flight plan given to the flight crew.
For each entry in the list, the version number indicates the age of the project. In the example shown
above, the marked project had quite a few modifications up to now. You can also see that there’s a
second entry with the same name just below it.
Leica Geosystems AG Leica FPES10 Project Versioning / 167

The History Dialog
Click the Project History button to view older versions of a project or to know how two versions of a
project are related to each other. The History dialog opens as shown below.
This dialog has three major parts:
• The top element shows some detailed information about the root project of the current view
and the selected project. The root project is the one whose relationships you are currently
examining, usually the one that was selected in the dialog from which the History dialog was
opened. The selected project is the highlighted one that was last clicked in one of the views
described below.
• The Ancestors tree on the left side of the dialog shows the history. It contains all projects
that are ancestors of the root project, together with their last modification date. The newest
project is at the top.
• The Descendants tree on the right side of the dialog shows the descendants of the root
project. Because the root project in this example doesn’t have any children, the tree is empty
(except for the root project). Also, the oldest project is at the top.

Nodes and Operations
Basically, every version of every project in the database is a node in a network. Each project can have
several direct descendants (children) and also several direct ancestors. See the example diagram
below.
Project A, Version 7
f
Project A, Version 5 d
e Project A, Version 4
Project A, Version 4 c Project A, Version 3
Project A, Version 3 b
a
The simplest relationship type is direct ancestry, like that between versions 1 and 2 at (a). Such a
relationship is usually created by either explicitly saving a project under a new name (using the Save
As dialog) or by exporting and re-importing a project.
A branch (Version 2 in our example) indicates that a project was changed in two distinct ways. It
could, for example, be that Version 2 was exported for a flight and then uploaded to an ADS40 for
flight execution. Meanwhile, the project was also modified in the office (maybe a new plan was
added), creating Version 3 (b). When the flight crew now brings the evaluation data back to the office,
the import creates another Version 3 (c)—remember that the flight plan for the crew was generated
from Version 2 and, therefore, doesn’t contain any information about someone modifying the project
in the office. It’s now obviously quite difficult to distinguish the two projects, which have identical
version numbers but are apparently different. Besides the modification date, there is also the Last
Change description, which gives us some information about when a version was created.
Both branches can now be worked on individually. In the example, this was done and new versions
were created on both sides of the branch. Already known is that Version 4 (e) contains a flight.
Imagine that Version 5 (d) was created by importing another flight. This time, the flight crew flew
the plan that was newly added on the left side of the branch for Version 4.

In the end, we want to know the overall progress of our project execution. When you click the Merge
button in the Select Project to Merge dialog, Leica FPES10 takes two projects (the current project
and one selected from the Select Project to Merge dialog) and combines them into one project. During
the merge, any duplicates of objects (anything that is common to both projects) are dropped and the
information is combined accordingly. In this example, the result is a project that contains all plans
together with both flights. This also works if the two projects to be merged contain information about
different flights of the same project or only plans done by different people. In the example, projects
(d) and (e) were merged at (f) to become Version 6. So Version 6 has two ancestors.
Examining the History of a Project

Go back to the History dialog. Maximize the dialog to get a better overview, as shown below.

The left side now shows the ancestry tree of a typical project. Most projects only have one direct
ancestor, and that’s why the view often looks like a list. In this example, Version 34 has two
ancestors. Click the project to reveal the expected information, as shown below.
At this point in time (December, 12, 2005) two older versions of this project were merged together.
The ancestor tree shows the direct ancestors for each node. It does not show any information about
branches or descendants. This means that, looking at the current tree, you do not see whether one
of the projects in the tree has another descendant than the original one. We could, however get a
clue that at least one project was branched at one point by observing that two projects below the
merge are actually identical.
To be sure that the project was actually branched (and then re-merged) somewhere around this
point, set this particular project to the root node of the view by clicking the Set Root to Selected Node
button.

The root node now changes to the selected project, and you see the following:
As expected, the project was branched after version 32 (specifically, it was branched at version 33).
Observing the exact reason for the branch, you can see it was exactly the scenario discussed earlier
in the example when one of the versions was used for flight. Also, you can see that one of the versions
in the branch is marked as Not Present. This indicates that version is no longer stored in the local
database. This can either be because it was explicitly deleted or because this version is stored on
another computer. The database knows about each version of a project that once existed, even if it’s
long since gone. In this particular case, the project was used as an internal copy during an automated
merge and was, therefore, only used temporarily. An automated merge happens if an Ascot project
was exported and flown, and then the flown project re-imported into Leica FPES10. The flown project
is automatically merged with the corresponding planned project.
The Descendants tree now shows all the children of the root project.

Select Project to Merge
This dialog lets you merge two different projects into one single one. The selected project is merged
with the current project and a new version of the current project is created. The Select Project to
Merge dialog opens when you select Merge with Project from the File menu.
The Select Project to Merge also opens when you import an ASCOT flight. In this case the ASCOT
flight is merged into the selected project and a new version of that is created.
[Project List]
Locked – Indicates that the project is protected, but the lock has no impact to the
feature offered in this dialog. For additional information about the lock see Select Project to
Open.
Name – Select the name of the project you want to merge from in this list.
Version – Displays the version of the project. For additional information about the version
see Select Project to Open.
Recent
Select a recently saved project to open from this dropdown list.
Name
Description
Displays information about the selected project displays in this field.
Buttons
Merge – Click this button to merge. In case of importing ASCOT flight data the flown data is
merged into the selected project.
Close – Click this button to not merge. In case of importing ASCOT flight data a new project is
created.
Project History – Click this button to view the project history. The History dialog opens.
Leica Geosystems AG Select Project to Merge / 173

Leica Geosystems AG Select Project to Merge / 174
Select Project to Delete
This dialog lets you select a version of a project to delete. To delete the entire Project delete each
present project version individually. You can open the Select Project to Delete dialog by clicking the
Delete button on the main Leica FPES10 toolbar. You can also open this dialog by selecting Delete
from the File menu.
[Project List]
Open.
Name – Select the name of the project you want to delete from in this list.
Version – Displays the last version of the project. Only this version of the Project will be
deleted. To delete a previous version of the Project click Project History to select the version
of the project.
Recent
Name
Description
Displays information about the selected project displays in this field.¨
Buttons
Delete – Click this button to delete the selected version of the project and close the dialog.
Project History – Click this button to display the history of the selected project. The History
dialog opens. See Project History.)
Leica Geosystems AG Select Project to Delete / 175

Leica Geosystems AG Select Project to Delete / 176
Delete Flights
This dialog lists the flights of all projects in the database that you can delete. Projects that are locked
or have no flights are not shown. The current project is also not shown; therefore, you must close
any open project, if you want to delete flights of that project.
You can open the Delete Flights dialog by clicking Tools -> Database Utilities -> Delete Flights.
[Flight List]
Select the flight to delete from this list.
Delete Flights
Click this button to delete the selected flight. You are prompted for confirmation.
Buttons
Close – Click this button to close the dialog.
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Leica Geosystems AG Delete Flights / 178
Chapter5•Data Import

Select Project to Copy Graphic Objects From
This dialog lets you import graphic objects to copy from another project in the Leica FPES10 database.
You can open the Select Project to Copy Graphic Objects From dialog by selecting Copy Graphic
Objects from the File menu.
[Project List]
Open.
Name – Select the name of the project you want to copy graphic objects from in this list.
Version – Displays the version of the project. For additional information about the version
see Select Project to Open.
Recent
Name
Description
Displays information about the selected project displays in this field.
Buttons
Copy – Click this button to copy the graphic objects from the selected project and close the
dialog.
Project History – Click this button to view the project history. The History dialog opens.
Leica Geosystems AG Select Project to Copy Graphic Objects

Leica Geosystems AG Select Project to Copy Graphic Objects
Data Import Confirmation
Coordinate Import Format

The import of coordinates of a list of polygon points into an AOI expects either 2, 3, or 7 numbers
per line.
• In the case of 2 and 3 numbers, those are X and Y, and if available, the height.
• For the 7-number case, the format corresponds directly to the output format of the AOI
polygon export (index, localX, localY, localZ, geoX, geoY, geoZ).
• The order in which numbers are expected is [east, north, height] for grid systems and [lat,
lon, height] for geographic systems.
• The hemisphere can be a leading or succeeding character.
• The coordinate system of the imported positions must be the same as the current flight plan
system.
• A maximum of one space is allowed between elements in a line.
• Make sure the characters are in UNICODE 8.

The format for geographic coordinates must be one of the following:
46°48'49.7"N
46 48 49.7 N
46 48 49.7N
Leica FPES10 AOI Polygon

The format for Leica FPES10 AOI polygon export (Easting, Northing Height / Lat, Long, Height)
is:
# Local Position WGS84 Position
0 655753.6 184998.1 400.0 46°48'49.7"N 8°10'09.0"E 449.3
1 655735.9 184857.1 400.0 46°48'45.1"N 8°10'08.1"E 449.3
2 655639.0 184804.2 400.0 46°48'43.5"N 8°10'03.5"E 449.3
...
3 Parameters, Grid, Switzerland

The format for 3 Parameters, Grid, Switzerland (Easting, Northing, Height) is:
...
Leica Geosystems AG Data Import Confirmation / 183

2 Parameters, Grid, Switzerland
The format for 2 Parameters, Grid, Switzerland (Easting, Northing) is:
East:655753.6 North:184998.1
East:655735.9 North:184857.1
East:655639.0 North:184804.2
...
2 Parameters, Switzerland, Different Format

The format for 2 Parameters, Switzerland, different format (Easting, Northing) is:
655753.6 184998.1
655735.9 184857.1
655639.0 184804.2
...
3 Parameters, Geographic
The format for 3 Parameters, Geographic (Lat, Long, Height) is:
46°48'49.7"N 8°10'09.0"E 449.3
46°48'45.1"N 8°10'08.1"E 449.3
46°48'43.5"N 8°10'03.5"E 449.3
...
2 Parameters, Geographic
The format for 2 Parameters, Geographic (Lat, Long) is:
46°48'49.7"N 8°10'09.0"E
46°48'45.1"N 8°10'08.1"E
46°48'43.5"N 8°10'03.5"E
...
2 Parameters, Geographic, Different Format

The format for 2 Parameters, Geographic, different format (Lat, Long) is:
N 46°48'49.7" E 8°10'09.0"
N 46°48'45.1" E 8°10'08.1"
N 46°48'43.5" E 8°10'03.5"
...
The Data Import Confirmation lets you correct or cancel the import. The Data Import Confirmation
dialog displays after you import data. Right-click in the Project Explorer one of the following:

• Graphic Objects
• Ground Control Points
• Active Flight Plan

You are then prompted to select a file of those types whose plugins were found (Leica FPES10
supports SHP, DGN, and ASCII). After selecting a file, the plugin parses the data in the file and
presents what it found using the Data Import Confirmation dialog.
The Data Import Confirmation dialog has up to four tabs: Points, Lines, Polylines, and Polygons. If
the data is imported as flight planning data, the names of the tabs changes to Flight Lines, Corridors,
and AOIs. The options on each tab are the same.
The planning type of a series of points stored in an import file is not defined. Leica FPES10 import
can not identify the planning type. E.g. is the data either a polyline (Corridor) or a polygon (AOI
Block). In the Data Import Confirmation dialog Leica FPES10 lists the import data in all possible
TABs (e.g. data are listed in the TAB ‘Corridors’ and in the TAB ‘AOIs’). The user has to know the
planning type and to deselect doubled listed data accordingly before import. E.g. if the planning
is for an AOI, all corresponding data listed in the TAB ‘Corridor’ should not be selected.
[Tab]
[CellArray]
Lists information about all of the found objects. You can select or deselect the check box in the
Index column to process or skip specified objects during import.
Select All – Click this button to select all elements on this tab.
Select None – Click this button to deselect all elements on this tab.
Invert Selection – Click this button to reverse the checked status of all elements on this
tab.
GIS Object Type – Select a GIS type for those elements that are graphic objects from this
dropdown list. You can also type a GIS type in the list. This option is active only for graphic
objects.
Interpret Column as Name – Select a name to assign to the object from this dropdown
list. The name you select is the name of a column. The name is empty if None is select.
Data Interpretation
Use this section to specify options for the data.
Import as – Select a coordinate system from this dropdown list. You can select the current
coordinate system or WGS84.
Swap Axes – Click this button to change the order of the x/y axes, if necessary.
Compute after Import – Select this check box to calculate new objects immediately if the
data is flight planning data. This option does not display for other types of data.
Coordinate System – Displays the coordinate system information.

Buttons

Chapter6•Data Export

DGN Export Options
This dialog lets you specify options for exporting a DGN file. You can open the DGN Export Options
dialog by clicking Configuration -> Plugins -> DGN file.
DGN export is provided for data in a flight plan.
Exported Options
Use this section to specify objects and their footprints for DGN export. Listed are all of the object
types in the current project. Select one or more check boxes to specify the object types and
footprints you want exported. The options vary according to your project and include AOIs,
corridors, flight lines, and events.
Coordinate System
Use this section to specify a coordinate system for the object types you selected. Select either
the Local or WGS 84 check box.
Options
Use this section to specify which type of options to export.
Only Active Objects – Select this check box to export only those objects that are active in
your flight plan.
Only Visible Objects – Select this check box to export only those objects that are visible in
your flight plan.
DGN Seedfile
Use this section to specify the location of the seed file. Type the file path of the file you want to
export in the field. You can also click the Open File button to open the Select DGN Seed File
dialog and select a file location. You can find example seed files included with the installation of
Leica FPES10 at \Program Files\Leica Geosystems\FPES\Plugins\Presets.
Buttons
Leica Geosystems AG DGN Export Options / 189

Leica Geosystems AG DGN Export Options / 190
KML Export Options
This dialog lets you choose which types of objects in the active flight plan that you want to export to
Goggle™ Earth. It also lets you change the appearance of those objects. You can open the KML Export
Options dialog by clicking Configuration -> Plugins -> Google Earth.
KML export is provided for data in a flight plan.
The KML Export Options dialog has five tabs: Export, AOI/Corridor, Flight Line, Event and Flight Path.
TAB Export
Export these items

Use this section to specify which types of objects in the active flight plan you want to export to
Google Earth.
Planned elements - Specify the elements by selecting the corresponding check boxes.
Flown elements - Specify the elements by selecting the corresponding check boxes
Options
Use this section to specify which type of objects to export.
your project.
your project.
TAB AOI/Corridor
AOI/Corridor
Use this section to change the appearance of an AOI or Corridor.
Outlined – Select this check box to specify that the AOI or corridor should have an outline.
Color – Select a color from this dropdown list. Move the slider to adjust the opacity. Click
the More Colors button to open the Color dialog.
Width – Type the width of the outline in this field.

Filled – Select this check box to specify that the AOI or corridor should be filled.
AOI/Corridor Footprint
Use this section to change the appearance of an AOI or Corridor footprint. Note: The footprint is
the area which is stereoscopically covered by the lines computed by Leica FPES10.
Outlined – Select this check box to specify that the footprint shall have an outline.
Leica Geosystems AG KML Export Options / 191

Filled – Select this check box to specify that an AOI or corridor footprint should be filled.
TAB Flight Line
Flight Line
Use this section to change the appearance of a flight line.
Color – Select a color from this dropdown list. Move the slider to adjust the opacity. Click the
More Colors button to open the Color dialog.
Width – Type the width of the flight line in this field.
Flight Line Footprint

Use this section to change the appearance of a flight line footprint.
Outlined – Select this check box to specify that the flight line footprint should have an
outline.

Filled – Select this check box to specify that the flight line footprint should be filled.
TAB Event
Event
Use this section to change the appearance of an event.
Icon scale – Type the size factor of the icon in this field.
Label scale – Type the size factor of the label in this field.
Event Footprint
Use this section to change the appearance of an event footprint.
Outlined – Select this check box to specify that the event footprint should have an outline.

Filled – Select this check box to specify that the event footprint should be filled.

TAB Flight Path
Flight Path
Use this section to specify the color and width of a flight path.
Color – Select a color from this dropdown list. Move the slider to adjust the opacity. Click the
More Colors button to open the Color dialog.
Width – Type the width of the flight path in this field.
Buttons

Shapefile Export Options
General
Shapefile export is provided for data in a flight plan. You can specify the exported graphical data in
the ‘Shapefile export Option dialog’. With the graphic information also metadata are exported. The
exported metadata are the data displayed in the data views for the following nodes selected in the
Project Explorer: ‘Flight Plan’, ‘Flight Lines’ or ‘Events’. This allows flexible customizing. To avoid
export of meaningless metadata, display in the data view only elements which show information for
the sensor defined in the flight plan. Therefore, before the export, define the data columns in the
Data Views.
Example for the export of flight lines:
Select in the project explorer a Node 'Flight lines'

Customize the Data columns in the Data view to define the attributes to be exported.
Shapefile Export Option dialog

This dialog lets you specify options for exporting a shapefile. You can open the Shapefile Export
Options dialog by clicking Configuration -> Plugins -> Shapefile.
Shape Type
Use this section to specify the types of shapes for a shapefile.
Polygons – Click this button and then select any of the check boxes to specify elements for
export.
Lines/Polylines – Click this button and then select any of the check boxes to specify to
specify elements for export.
Points (Events) – Click this button to specify an event for export.
Coordinate System
Use this section to specify a coordinate system for the objects you want to export. Click either
the Local or WGS 84 button.
Options
Use this section to specify which type of objects to export.
your flight plan.
your flight plan.
Flown Objects – Select this check box to export only those objects that are flown in your
flight plan.
Buttons
Leica Geosystems AG Shapefile Export Options / 195

Leica Geosystems AG Shapefile Export Options / 196
ListView Export Options
This dialog lets you specify which parts of the CellArray you want to export. You can open this dialog
by clicking the Export the AOI Polygon Points button on the AOI tab of the AOI Properties dialog box.
Items (Rows)
Use this section to specify which rows to export.
All – Click this button to export all rows.
Selected – Click this button to export only those rows selected in the CellArray.
This option is only active, if rows have previously been selected in the Properties dialog.
From – Click this button to specify a range of rows to export. Type the row numbers in the
fields.
Columns
Use this section to specify which columns to export.
All – Click this button to export all columns.
From – Click this button to specify a range of columns to export. Type the column numbers
in the fields.
Buttons
Leica Geosystems AG ListView Export Options / 197

Leica Geosystems AG ListView Export Options / 198
Raw Data Export
This dialog lets you specify options for exporting data from the Property view or from the Data view
into a raw data ASCII text file. You can open the Raw Data Export dialog by clicking Configuration -
> Plugins -> Raw Data File.
Options
Use this section to specify export options for the header.
Export Column Titles – Select this check box to export column titles into the raw data file.
Delimiter
Use this section to specify how to separate the items. Delimeters are characters such as commas
or tabs used for separation.
Tab – Click this button to separate each item with a tab.
Custom – Click this button, and then type a delimeter in the field.
Fixed Width – Click this button, and then type a number in the field indicating the number
of characters exported for each item in a row.
Buttons
Leica Geosystems AG Raw Data Export / 199

Leica Geosystems AG Raw Data Export / 200
Chapter7•Utilities

Sun Angles
The Sun Angles tool displays sun elevation and azimuth for a location at the desired flying date.
Determination of the flight window in advance is important when flying in northern countries or during
days of the year where the sun angles is critical for aerial photography. You can open the Sun Angles
dialog by selecting Sun Angles from the Tools menu or from the quick menus associated with an AOI,
Flight Line or Event.
Location
Use this section to specify the location of the area you are investigating.
Leica FPES10 populates the location if the Sun Angles dialog is selected from the quick menu
associated with an AOI, Flight line or Event.
Latitude – Type the average latitude of the area in this field.
Longitude – Type the average longitude of the area in this field.
Time
Use this section to specify information about date and time offset for your investigation.
Date – Type the date on which to capture the information in this field.
Offset to UTC – Type the universal coordinate time offset in this field. For example, Atlanta
is -5 hours UTC.
The UTC offset must be manually set to agree with the geographic location to display accurate
results.
Daylight saving – Select this check box if the captured area is affected by daylight savings
time changes.
Sunrise – Indicates the time of sunrise. It is based on the local information you provided.
Sunset – Indicates the time of sunset. It is based on the local information you provided.
Noon – Indicates the time of maximum elevation of the sun. It is based on the local
information you provided.
Sun Elevation
Use this section to specify the sun elevation limits for your project. The green area(s) on the
TABs Elevation and Azimuth graphically show the time frame on the specified date when the sun
elevation is within the specified limits.
Min – Type the minimum sun elevation in this field.
Max – Type the maximum sun elevation in this field.
Specifics for ADS flights

Use this section to determine the flight window in advance. You can predict the integration time
(IT) for image data acquisition with ADS sensors heads.
IT depends on several parameters: Sensor Head characteristics, sun elevation (location of flight
line, date and time), terrain reflection and atmospheric condition.
In-flight IT is limited by the sensor cycle time (CT). CT depends on the ground sampling distance
(GSD) and the aircraft ground speed (GS). GSD is taken from the corresponding objects, if the
Sun Angles tool is selected from the AOI or the Flight Line Properties dialog or if it is selected
from the quick menu of an AOI, Flight Line or Event.
GSD – Type a value to indicate the GSD of the ADS sensor in this field if you want to change
it.
Leica Geosystems AG Sun Angles / 203

Image Quality Factor – Type a value to specify the image data quality in this field. A value
of 1 is equal to a reasonable image data quality for terrain with average reflection at typical
atmospheric conditions. Values larger than 1 give increased image data quality for this
condition. The minimum is 0.5, and the maximum is 4. Increase the image quality factor if:
• The terrain reflection along the flight line is below the average terrain reflection. For
example, forest.
• The turbidity of the atmosphere at the day of image data acquisition is higher than
average or if the sky is overcast.
• Best image quality is required.
• Increase to 4 for ADS40 with 1st generation sensor heads SH40.

Max IT – Indicates the longest possible IT at desired GS.
Maximum target GS – Indicates for the sensor head type specific shortest possible CT the
fastest possible GS at which square ground pixels are recorded. For more information, see
the table on the GS/CT tab.
When you enter the desired maximum GS or the desired target GS, the graphics adjust to display
the flight window during the day at which images can be recorded at the desired image quality.
The time range is indicated by a white band in the graphic on the Elevation or Azimuth tabs.
Desired maximum GS – Type the desired maximum GS in this field. For more information,
see the table on the GS/CT tab.
The desired maximum GS is valid if appropriate post-processing is applied. Appropriate post-

processing resamples non-square pixels accordingly.
Desired target GS – Type the desired target GS in this field.
The desired target GS cannot be faster than the maximum target GS. For more information, see
the table on the GS/CT tab.
When you enter the target GS, the graphics adjust to display the flight window during the day at
which images can be recorded at the desired image quality. The time range is indicated by a
white band in the graphic on the Elevation or Azimuth tabs.

TAB Elevation
This tab provides a graphical representation of the elevation of the sun based on the local information
you provided.
The green band(s) graphically show the time frame on the specified date when the sun elevation is
within the specified limits.
The flight window during the day at which ADS images can be recorded at the desired image quality
is indicated by a white band.
Time – Indicates the time of day where you placed your cursor on the image.
Elevation – Indicates the elevation of the sun over the horizon for the time you placed your
cursor.
Azimuth – Specifies the position of the sun along your horizon for the time you placed your
cursor. The azimuth is a horizontal angle measured clockwise in degrees from a reference
direction, usually the north or south point of the horizon to the point intersected by the sun’s line
of altitude. North is 0. South is 180 degrees.
Minimum IT – Specifies the minimum integration time for the elevation of the sun you placed
your cursor at which it is possible to record image data at the quality specified by the image
quality factor.
Global Radiation – Indicates the expected total sum of direct solar radiation and diffuse sky
radiation (atmospheric conditions typical for aerial photography) received by a unit horizontal
surface at the defined location and day for the elevation of the sun you placed your cursor.

TAB Azimuth
This tab provides a graphical representation of the optimum flight times based on sun azimuth:
azimuth of the sun against the North Pole. The dark blue region indicates that the sun is visible; the
light blue region indicates that the sun is below the horizon.
The green band(s) graphically show the time frame on the specified date when the sun elevation is
within the specified limits.
The flight window during the day at which ADS images can be recorded at the desired image quality
is indicated by a white band.
Time, Elevation, Azimuth, Minimum IT and Global Radiation – As in TAB Elevation
Both
This tab provides a combined view of elevation and azimuth.

Elevation
Indicates elevation of the sun over the horizon where you placed your cursor on the image within
the 0 degree circle.
Azimuth
Specifies the position of the sun along your horizon where you placed your cursor on the image
within the 0 degree circle. The azimuth is a horizontal angle measured clockwise in degrees from
a reference direction, usually the north or south point of the horizon to the point intersected by
the sun’s line of altitude. North is 0. South is 180 degrees.
GS/CT
This tab provides information about ground speed (GS) and cycle time (CT) for a given GSD for ADS.
[CellArray]
Presents information you specified in tabular format.
CT – Displays the cycle time. The CT gives the limit for IT. Because IT is always equal to or
shorter than CT, the CT depends on GSD and GS. Maximum cycle time for the ADS40 is 800
HZ, which is 1.25 ms and for ADS80 is 1000Hz, which is 1.0 ms.
Minimum GS – Displays the minimum GS that an aircraft should not exceed along a line for
image data recording at a certain CT.
Maximum GS – Displays the maximum GS that an aircraft should not exceed along a line for
image data recording at a certain CT.
Target GS – Displays the target GS that an aircraft should fly along a line for image data
recording at a certain CT. The target GS is displayed in knots (kts), kilometers per hour
(km/h), and meters per second (m/s).
Buttons

AeroPlan
AeroPlan is a tool for the ALS sensor. It is used during in-office flight planning to determine the
operational settings needed by the ALS for a given LiDAR acquisition mission. It is embedded in Leica
FPES10, but also runs standalone. You can open the Aeroplan dialog by selecting AeroPlan from the
Tools menu.
AeroPlan lets you specify the general type of ALS project and other settings. Using this wizard
approach, Leica FPES10 can accurately determine how to fly the ALS to collect a specified dataset.
Theoretical results of data, collected with those settings are shown: point density, swath width,
maximum possible pulse rate at the AGL, expected signal to noise ration, and so on. You can find
details about these parameters in the ALS documentation.
The ALS settings are then passed back to Leica FPES10. The Leica FPES10 operation continues with
the flight line layout design and builds a flight plan file, known as a .fdp file. This file contains all
information for the flight lines, sequencing, and those settings of the ALS.
When beginning the mission, the .fdp flight plan is loaded into the FCMS software. The mission is then
flown to the flight line locations in the order you specified, and the ALS parameters loaded
automatically by FCMS to control the ALS.
For more information on AeroPlan, please see the AeroPlan documentation.
Leica Geosystems AG AeroPlan / 209

Leica Geosystems AG AeroPlan / 210
SRTM Data Converter
This dialog converts binary SRTM data into an ASCII data file of X, Y, Z values that Leica FPES10 can
read. SRTM is DTM data from NASA that is widely available for most of the world in 90-meter
resolution free of charge. The United States region is also available in 30-meter resolution. Data and
documentation are available from the Shuttle Radar Topography Mission (SRTM) web site.
You can open the SRTM Data Converter dialog by selecting SRTM Converter from the Tools menu.
Input
Use this section to specify parameters and a filename for a bounding box.
TAB Bounding Box

Use this tab to specify the longitude and latitude for a bounding box that encompasses the
area for flight planning and to generate a file list.
Top – Type the northern-most latitude in this field. Right-click the field to select the
format.
Left – Type the western-most longitude in this field. Right-click the field to select the
format.
Right – Type the eastern-most longitude in this field. Right-click the field to select the
format.
Bottom – Type the southern-most latitude in this field. Right-click the field to select the
format.
Check Files – Click this button to check if all input files are available to cover the area for
flight planning. It checks the files stored in the location specified on TAB Input Files. You
can use Check Files also to discover which SRTM (*.hgt) files must be downloaded from
the Internet.
Input Files
Use this tab to specify the input folder and the SRTM type. navigate to and select *.hgt files
for input if you have them.
Input Folder – Enter the patch to the folder where you have stored the *.hgt files.
Open File – Click this button to open a standard file selector dialog and select the
folder where you have stored the *.hgt files.
SRTM Type - Select the SRTM type form the drop down list.
Output
Use this section to set up the parameters for the ASCII data file that is generated.
TAB Parameters
Use this tab to set the specifications of the output file.
Filename – Type the name of the output file in this field.
Leica Geosystems AG SRTM Data Converter / 211

– Click this button to open a standard file selector dialog and to enter a file
name.
Coordinate System – Displays the coordinate system of the output file. This field is
read-only.
– Click this button to clear the output coordinate system. This lets you process
the original SRTM data format which is geographic WGS84.
– Click this button to open the Coordinate System Selection dialog and select
a coordinate system.
The output coordinate system must match the coordinate system of the flight plan in which it is
to be used.
Degradation Factor – Type a degradation factor to use in generating the output file. A
degradation factor of 1 uses every data value of the input file (100%), whereas a
degradation factor of 4 uses every fourth data value of the source file (25%). The higher
the degradation factor, the coarser the output DEM and the faster the processing.
Ignore data with Height below Zero – Select this check box to ignore data values that
are below the selected datum.
Interpolate missing data – Select this check box to interpolate a missing data point
using a weighted average of the nearest data points in the cardinal directions from the
missing data point.
Button Convert – Click this button to begin the conversion process.
TAB Results
Use this tab to display the statistics of the conversion. All data fields are read-only.
# Points – This section displays results for the points that were processed, skipped, or
missing. The fields are read-only.
Processed – Displays the number of points that were processed, which depends on
the size of the bounding box, the resolution of the input file, and the degradation
factor.
Skipped – Displays the number of points available in the input files, but not used.
Missing – Displays the number of data points that were missing. These points are the
result of data voids. If you selected Interpolate missing data, this value is zero.
Elevation – This section displays the minimum, maximum, and average elevation values
encountered during processing. The fields are read-only.
Min – Displays the minimum elevation value of the output file.

Max – Displays the maximum elevation value of the output file in meters.
Average – Displays the average elevation of the output file.
Processing Time – Displays the time required to process the input files.

Buttons
Close – Click this button to accept any changes and close the dialog.

Create TIFF World File
This dialog lets you create a list of points so you can georeference an image (map). The
transformation parameters are saved as a TFW file. Collect pixel points by clicking the image loaded
to the viewplex with the system cursor while the Create TIFF World File is open.
How to proceed
To create a TIFF World file, follow these steps:
1. Start Leica FPES10.

2. Create a new empty project with a flight plan.
3. Select Link Map from the Project menu, and then link the map that you want to reference.
The name of the map displays in the Project Explorer.
4. Drag the map icon from the Project Explorer into the ViewPort.
5. Click OK to assign a coordinate system. The current coordinate system is preselected for
you.
6. Click OK to display the map in the ViewPort.
7. Select Georeferencing Tool from the Tools menu to open the Create TIFF World File dialog.
This dialog remains open while you work in Leica FPES10. It disappears behind the ViewPlex
while you work in the ViewPort.
8. Define coordinates for the map as follows:

You must enter each coordinate as a decimal number (for example, 34.5).
a - Click the Select button on the toolbar.
b - Click the point you want to collect in the image displayed in the ViewPort.
c - Go back to the New TIFF World File dialog.
d - Type new values in the Pixel X and Pixel Y cells if you want to change them. These cells
are automatically populated when you collect a point.
e - Type the map coordinates in the Map X and Map Y cells.
f - Press Enter.
Repeat these steps until you collect at least four points.
9. Click the Save the Current Transformation in an Image File button (located to the right of the
TFW Parameters list) to create a TFW file containing the numbers in the TFW Parameters list.
A standard file selector opens.
10. Save the TFW file in the same location as the image file and with the same name using a .tfw
extension. For example, if your image file is named georgia.tif, you would name the new file
georgia.tfw.
Once the TFW file is created, that map automatically picks up the TFW file and displays your
coordinates whenever it is loaded.
To verify your coordinates, refer to “Using Coordinate Systems, Spheroids and Datums”.
Leica Geosystems AG Create TIFF World File / 215

Collected Points
Lets you collect image pixel points and link them to real-world coordinate points. When finished
collecting points, you have a georeferenced image. You should enter at least three or more point
pairs.
Read Point Pairs – Click this button to open a standard file selector and read point
pairs from a user-defined file.
Save Point Pairs – Click this button to save point pairs in a user-defined file.
TFW Parameters
Displays the affine transformation parameters.
Save the Current Transformation – Click this button to save the current
transformation in a TFW file.
Buttons
Close – Click this button to save any changes and close the dialog.
Leica Geosystems AG Create TIFF World File / 216

Index
Symbols
*.fda file 26
*.fpd file 26
A
ADS40 airborne digital sensor 57
AeroPlan 28, 209
AOI 24
data structure 24
FPES polygon 183
AOI properties 131
application preferences
settings 55
ASCOT
configuration 40
exporting flight plans to FPES 40
flight plan limitations 40
importing flight plans to FPES 39
importing flights to FPES 40
overview 39
RC30 data annotation 39
terminology 39
ASCOT data 25
ASCOT Terminology 39
ASCOT-Specific Information 39
B
background color 89
C
camera
RC30 film frame 56
computation
using in FPES 56
Configuration 29
configuration
ASCOT 40
conversion
GPS raw data 40
coordinate system 41
coordinate system selection 111
Cursor Behaviour 30
Cursor Mode 30
cursor style 91
customize data view 73
D
data export
flight planning 35
217
FPES 35
data import
flight evaluation 37
flight planning 35
FPES 35
Data Import Confirmation 183
Data structure 21
data structure
AOI 24
events 24
flight plan 23
lines 24
project 21
data view 71
Database utilities 29
dataframe template 23
DataView
export 36
datum 41
DGN
export options 189
digital
raster maps 26
digital raster maps
flight planning 26
digital sensor
ADS40 57
Draw AOI 32
Draw Corridor 32
Draw Flight Line 33
Draw Ground Control Point 33
Draw Line 33
Draw Point 33
Draw Polygon 33
Draw Polyline 33
DTM 22, 27
flight planning 27
flown footprints 59
footprints 56
planned footprints 59
redraw footprints 58
using DTM 55
DTM properties 125
Duplicate Flight Plan 38
duplicate flight plan
multi-sensor flight planning 38
Duplicate Flight Plan for Different Sensor 38
E
Edit 26
enter coordinates 149
Evaluation options 157
event properties 143
218
Events 24
events
data structure 24
defined 24
terminology 39
Export 35
export
DataView 36
flight execution 37
flight planning data 35
FPES flight plans to ASCOT 40
Export options
DGN 189
KML 191
Raw data 199
Shapefile 195
F
File 25
Flight Evaluation 20
flight evaluation
data import 37
flight execution
ASCOT configuration 40
export 37
flight level
flight line
default values 23
Flight Plan 23
flight plan
data structure 23
limitations in ASCOT 40
setting preferences 58
terminology 39
Flight Plan Database 21
flight plan preferences 113
Flight planning 19
flight planning
digital raster maps 26
DTM 27
export data 35
import 36
import data 35
multi-planning 38
flight planning defaults 93
Flight plans 22
flights
footprints
DTM 56
flown 59
219
planned 59
redraw using DTM 58
FPES
AOI polygon 183
computation 56
data
export 35
import 35
exporting flight plans to ASCOT 40
importing
flights to ASCOT 40
multi-sensor flight planning 38
using DTM 55
FPES plugin support
DataView export 36
flight planning data export 35
flight planning data import 35
graphic object import 36
ground control point 36
overview 35
FPES/FCMS data 25
G
Georeferencing Tool 28
Google Earth 191
Gound Point Feedback 153, 155
Gound Point Point Properties 129
graphic object
import 36
graphic object properties 127
graphic object properties multiselect 147
Graphic Objects 22
graphic properties 75
settings 57
ground control
import 36
Ground Control Points 22
Ground Point Feedback 30
H
Help 31
I
Import 35
importing
ASCOT flight plans 39
ASCOT flights to FPES 40
flight planning 36
flight planning data 35
graphic object 36
ground control point 36
information
ASCOT-specific 39
220
K
KML
export options 191
KML export options 191
L
labeling
lines 39
Lines 24
lines
data structure 24
labeling 39
ListView Export Options 197
M
maps 22
Menu Bar 25
merge projects 173
Multi-Sensor Flight Planning 38
multi-sensor flight planning
duplicate flight plan 38
duplicate flight plan for different sensors 38
N
new flight plan 105
New world
TIFF File 215
P
planned footprints
flown 59
show 59
point 127
preferences
setting flight plan 58
Project 21, 26
project
data structure 21
defined 21
project delete 175
project explorer 65
Project management 19
project open 161, 181
project properties 103
project, save 163
Projection Chooser 28
property view 69
Q
quick menu 81
221
R
Raw data
export options 199
RC30 data frame 121
RC30 film frame camera 56
recorded flight line level
recorded flight plan level
redraw footprints
events 62
flight level 60
flights 59
recorded flight line level 60
recorded flight plan level 60
RINEX 28
GPS raw data conversion 40
RINEX Conversion 28
S
sensor properties 109
sensors 107
overview 23
Set Background Color 30
settings
application preferences 55
flight plan preferences 58
graphic properties 57
Shapefile
export options 195
spheroid 41
spheroid.tab 42
SRTM 27
SRTM Converter 28
SRTM data converter 211
Sun Angles 28
sun angles 203
T
templates
dataframe 23
terminology
ASCOT 39
flight plan 39
TIFF file
create new 215
Toolbar 32
Tools 20
V
View 29
ViewPort 34
222
W
Window 31
Workflow 19
223
224

Flight Planning e Evaluation Software

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Flight Planning e Evaluation Software

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Leica FPES10

Flight Planning & Evaluation Software

May 2010 - Version 10.1-5

All trademarks are the property of their respective owners.

General about Leica FPES10. .................... 17

Leica FPES10 Workspace. ......................... 63

Flight Planning. ...................................... 101

Data Import. ........................................... 179

Data Export. ........................................... 187

Leica FPES10 features

• Flexible data export for further use of all flight data

• Output of calculated and summarized data for flight preparation

• Check of progress in project

• Interactive flight planning using coordinates

• DTM taken into account to compute area coverage

• Parallel flight lines computed automatically to ensure stereoscopic coverage of areas of

• Easy optimization of flight plans by comparison of various area coverage possibilities

Leica Geosystems AG Leica FPES10 Introduction / 19

• Evaluation of multiple flights

• Perfect data flow to further processing steps

• DTM taken into account to check area coverage of flown data

• AeroPlan60 for LiDAR setup

• SRTM (Shuttle Radar Topography Mission) elevation data converter

• Tool to convert DTMs to georeferenced bitmaps

Reviewing the Leica FPES10 Workflow

Leica Geosystems AG Leica FPES10 Introduction / 20

• Flight plans are exported to Leica FCMS or to Leica ASCOT.

• The project was saved with ‘Save As’.

• The version number is incremented each time:

• FPES/FCMS data is imported.

• Imported ASCOT flight data is merged with an existing project

• AOI (Three types: AOI, AOI-Line and AOI-Corridor)

• Stored in the database.

• Reloaded from the database.

• Deleted from the database.

• Exported to Leica FPES10 or Leica FCMS.

Leica Geosystems AG Leica FPES10 Introduction / 21

• Each flight plan can have a different coordinate system or sensor.

• Only one flight plan is active and can be edited at a time.

Ground Control Points

• Can be organized in sub-folders

Leica Geosystems AG Leica FPES10 Introduction / 22

• A coordinate system definition.

• Assigned during flight plan creation.

• Cannot be changed or edited afterwards.

For more information, see “Coordinate System Selection”.

• Assigned during flight plan creation.

• Can be changed afterwards.

For more information, see “Sensors”.

• Default values for flight line computation:

• Are passed on to each new planned element.

• Can be edited any time during planning.

• A dataframe template, if the sensor type is RC30 or other frame:

• Can be edited any time during planning.

• Duplicated in the project

• Made active or inactive

• Exported to ASCOT (at the project level)

Leica Geosystems AG Leica FPES10 Introduction / 23

• AOI (planning type AOI)

• Defined by a polygon you can edit.

• Corridor (planning type AOI-corridor)

• Defined by a polyline you can edit.

• Single Line (planning type AOI-line)