Introduction to Radiologic and Imaging

Sciences and Patient Care 6th Edition

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Chapter 10: Human Diversity
Adler: Introduction to Radiologic and Imaging Sciences and Patient Care, 6th Edition

MULTIPLE CHOICE

1. Another term for human diversity is

a. independence.
b. social autonomy.
c. cultural diversity.
d. existentialism.
ANS: C
Human diversity, also called cultural diversity, addresses the variety of human societies and
cultures and examines their similarities and differences. Human diversity simply means the
differences inherent among people. Studies indicate that these differences are what make
each person unique and valuable in his or her own right.

REF: p. 119

2. All of the following are considered cultures EXCEPT

a. Hmong.
b. Native American.
c. Slovakian.
d. Floridian.
ANS: D
Humans are divided into different cultures. They are not specific to geographic boundaries
such as states. Cultures develop behaviors, norms, and values that are suited to a specific
environment and over time take on the strength of tradition. Even when conditions or
environments change, cultures often do not.

REF: p. 119

3. To perform effectively and compassionately as a radiologic sciences professional, it is

important to understand the areas of human cultural diversity. These may include
1. social organizations.
2. phobias.
3. symbolism.
4. space.
5. time.
6. communication.
a. 1, 3, 4, and 6 only.
b. 1, 2, 3, and 5 only.
c. 1, 4, 5, and 6 only.
d. 2, 3, and 6 only.
ANS: C
 To provide high-quality and effective care for all patients, health care providers need to
understand six areas of human cultural diversity and how these areas influence the delivery
of care. The areas of human cultural diversity include communication, space, time,
environmental control, biologic variations, and social organizations.

REF: p. 127

4. A social organization that seeks to understand and accept peoples from diverse backgrounds
through policies and procedures, communication media, activities, and so on in an effort to
achieve a positive cross-cultural environment is seeking to achieve
a. socialism.
b. cultural competency.
c. social autonomy.
d. segregation.
ANS: B
Cultural competency is defined as possessing a set of attitudes, behaviors, and policies that
come together in a system, or among individuals, that enable effective interactions in a
cross-cultural framework.

REF: p. 126

5. You are working as a radiographer in a small community hospital. As you get on the
elevator to ride up to the cafeteria for your morning break, you are joined by a group of
people who are quite vocal about the skin tone and dialect of the doctor that is taking care of
one of their family members. This group inherently demonstrates a group
a. consortium.
b. consensus.
c. bias.
d. assimilation.
ANS: C
Everyone has at least one personal bias. These biases, whether based on reason or simply
perceptions of human characteristics, are real. The impact of some biases can be lessened
through knowledge. The more that is known about a subject, the better the understanding of
the subject will lessen bias behavior. Typical bias traits include age, ethnicity, national
origin, race, gender, sexual orientation, mental and physical ability, and religious beliefs.

REF: p. 120

6. Which of the following would not reflect a human diversity characteristic?

a. Disability
b. Gender
c. Occupation
d. Race
ANS: C
 Diversity includes many human characteristics that affect our perceptions of ourselves and
others, individual values, opportunities, and acceptance. Some of the most prevalent
characteristics are age, disability, economic status, education, ethnicity, family status, first
language, gender, geographic location, lifestyle, organizational level, physical
characteristics, political affiliation, religious preference, sexual orientation, and work style
or ethic.

REF: pp. 119-120

7. As you are enjoying a light breakfast in a local coffee shop, a small group sits down at an
adjacent table. As they talk, you overhear them making derogatory statements about people
who are obese. Comments such as, “I can’t believe people can eat so much!” and “How can
they let themselves get that way?” are typical of the conversation. One group member
openly states, “Why can’t they be like us, fit and trim?” This group is demonstrating
a. ethnocentrism.
b. assimilation.
c. biculturalism.
d. racism.
ANS: A
Ethnocentrism is regarded as the tendency of some individuals to view norms and values of
their own culture as the only acceptable ones and to use them as the standard by which all
other cultures are measured.

REF: p. 121

8. According to the 2010 U.S. Census, more than 40% of the population was 60 years old and
older. This age class of citizens represents a very large population that will have a
significant impact on the country with regard to economics, politics, health care,
employment, and so on. This group is collectively referred to as _____, and the country will
undoubtedly change in many ways to accommodate these valued members of society.
a. Generation X citizens
b. Generation Y citizens
c. baby boomers
d. postwar citizens
ANS: C
As the so-called baby boom generation ages, persons considered to be seniors will by most
accounts overtake the current majority population. Their demands as a population
demographic will likely have a profound impact on economics, social, and cultural issues.

REF: p. 120

9. It is safe to conclude that in the years ahead, the U.S. population will
a. become less ethnically diverse.
b. demonstrate a younger average age.
c. require a more diverse health care labor force.
d. become more of a single linguistic society.
ANS: C
 In general, the graying of America is expected to transform many areas, including banking,
health care, labor, politics, retirement systems, social services, and the stock market. This
expectation forces an overview and overhaul of social mores and prejudices regarding older
adults in the job market through their end-of-life care. This necessarily will bring about a
more diverse health care labor marketplace.

REF: p. 120

10. In the process of preparing a Hmong patient for an interventional procedure, you discover
the patient speaks no English. She has no family members with her and was escorted down
by hospital transport. A necessary part of the examination is for the patient to complete an
informed consent document. An effective strategy you could use to accomplish this would
be
a. speaking slowly and deliberately in English and showing the patient where to sign
the document.
b. trying to act out the intent of the document through demonstration and modeling.
c. asking a coworker to witness your explanation of the document and the patient’s
signature.
d. delaying the procedure until a hospital translator can be present during the
explanation.
ANS: D
The quality of health care delivery depends to a great extent on communication between
providers and consumers. Individuals who are limited in English proficiency pose a real
challenge to delivery of high-quality health care. If a patient does not or cannot understand
his or her health care providers and vice versa, essential information cannot be
communicated. This is critical to examination success and liability. Interpretation service is
the standard of care in culturally competent organizations.

REF: p. 122

11. The Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990 provides for all of the following conditions
EXCEPT
a. employees must speak English and understand the nature of disability.
b. legal protection against discrimination because of physical or mental disability.
c. institutions must make reasonable accommodations for all individuals.
d. guarantees basic human rights to persons with a disability.
ANS: A
The Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990 was a profound and necessary step in
preventing discrimination against persons with disabilities. This Act provides protection
under the law for people with mental and physical disabilities. It also directs institutions,
especially those receiving federal funds, to make reasonable accommodations for persons
with disabilities.

REF: p. 125
12. The commitment to cultural diversity is an integral part of the medical imaging profession
as evidenced by official position statements from the American Society of Radiologic
Technologists (ASRT). In a continuing effort to broaden the profession’s human diversity, a
well-known student scholarship is available, known as the _____ Scholarship.
a. Ed Jerman Merit
b. GE Minority Merit
c. Royce Osborne Minority Student
d. Clarence Dally Diversity
ANS: C
The American Society of Radiologic Technologists (ASRT) has developed initiatives to
increase cultural diversity among members of the profession. One of the more notable
initiatives is the establishment of the Royce Osborne Minority Student Scholarship.

REF: p. 127

13. To protect the human rights of people with disabilities, four essential core values of human
rights were recognized by the 1993 Vienna Declaration for Human Rights. These core
values are
a. freedom of speech, assembly, vote, and travel.
b. solidarity, dignity, autonomy, and equality.
c. religion, expression, employment, and education.
d. integrity, justice, due process, and appeal.
ANS: B
Four essential core values of human rights law are particularly important when thinking
about people with disabilities: (1) autonomy, (2) dignity, (3) equality, and (4) solidarity.

REF: p. 125

14. For a medical imaging department manager, reasonable efforts to improve human diversity
in the department would include all of the following EXCEPT
a. multilingual signage throughout the department.
b. requiring staff to attend diversity in-services.
c. participating in an effective resource pool of interpreters.
d. requiring all department employees to speak a second language.
ANS: D
For total cultural competency to be achieved, consideration must be given to all of the areas
of human diversity, including language. Linguistic competency means providing readily
available, culturally appropriate oral and written language services to individuals with
limited English proficiency. This goal may be accomplished through the use of bicultural
and bilingual individuals or interpreters. Requiring staff to be bilingual can be viewed as an
unreasonable expectation of staff.

REF: p. 126

15. A native-born Latino individual who has moved to the United States and successfully
blended into local community activities, such as work, church, school, and volunteering,
without losing his native culture demonstrates
 a. identity.
b. biculturalism.
c. assimilation.
d. ethnocentrism.
ANS: B
Biculturalism is the ability of individuals to be able to negotiate competently two or more
cultures, the mainstream culture and the individual’s own culture.

REF: p. 121

16. Valuable traits of the U.S. mainstream culture include which of the following?
1. Strong work ethic
2. Efficiency
3. Travel and mobility
4. Tolerance and patience
5. Individualism
6. Capitalism
7. Competition
a. 1, 2, 4, and 6 only
b. 1, 3, 4, 5, and 7 only
c. 1, 2, 5, and 7 only
d. 2, 4, 5, 6, and 7 only
ANS: C
Members of the U.S. mainstream culture are said to value and identify with the following
traits: activity and hard work, personal achievement and success, individualism, efficiency
and practicality, affluence, consumerism, material comfort, competition, openness,
directness, and being well informed.

REF: p. 121

17. It is illegal to deny an individual the opportunity to advance professionally through

employment because of
a. gender.
b. technical skills.
c. daycare needs.
d. personal hygiene.
ANS: A
Gender role stereotyping is the expectation of how people should behave solely based on
whether they are male or female. The courts have ruled consistently that gender bias is
illegal and may not be used to suppress individual opportunity.

REF: p. 123

18. The irrational fear of a homosexual person’s sexual orientation is referred to as

a. heterosexuality.
b. unisexuality.
c. homophobia.
 d. homogeneosity.
ANS: C
Homophobia is the irrational fear of homosexuality, accompanied by hostility toward
individuals who are or are perceived to be homosexual, gay, lesbian, or bisexual.

REF: p. 124

19. An ethnic group that would place a cultural core value on the sacredness of the earth and its
waters, clean air, wildlife, and foliage would most likely be
a. Native American.
b. Latino.
c. Mexican American.
d. European American.
ANS: A
People of different ethnicities may have different core values, although people who reside in
the United States also generally prescribe to core values of the mainstream. Native
Americans, a proud ethnic group, believe in a core value that includes a unified whole
universe. The earth is considered sacred according to this core value.

REF: p. 122, Table 10-2

20. A person’s hair color and texture as well as his or her skin condition would be an example
of what area of human diversity?
a. Social organizations
b. Communication
c. Biologic variations
d. Environmental control
ANS: C
To provide high-quality and effective care for all patients, health care providers need to
understand six areas of human cultural diversity and how these areas influence the delivery
of care. One of these areas includes biologic variations, which deals with ethnical or racially
related differences in body structure, hair color, skin color, hair textures, and other biologic
traits.

REF: p. 127, Table 10-5