Plants and Society 7th Edition Levetin Test Bank

Plants and Society 7th Edition Levetin
Test Bank
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Chapter 07 Test Bank
Student: ___________________________________________________________________________
1.
Alternative forms of the same gene are called
A. loci
B. homologous
C. heterozygous
D. alleles
2. A pea plant received a dominant allele for flower color from one of its parents and a recessive allele for flower color
from its other parent. The genotype of this pea plant is
A. homozygous recessive
B. heterozygous
C. homozygous dominant
D. undetermined
3. A pea plant received a dominant allele for flower color from one of its parents and a dominant allele for flower color
B. heterozygous
D. undetermined
from its other parent. The phenotype of this pea plant is
B. heterozygous
D. undetermined
5. Which of the following was unknown during Mendel’s time?

A. the structure of DNA
B. mitosis and meiosis
C. genes and chromosomes
D. the structure of nucleotides
E. none of these were known about in Mendel’s time
6. What was the immediate fate of Mendel’s 1865 publication of his pea plant experiments?
A. He received universal praise and the science of genetics was born.
B. It was immediately condemned as anti-religious and banned by the Catholic Church.
C. He was accused of fraud and fudging his data.
D. It was mostly ignored for over 30 years.
7. What trait did the parent pea plants Mendel use that made his experiments possible?
A. They were self-pollinating.
B. They were all homozygous dominant.
C. They were all homozygous recessive.
D. They were all heterozygous.
E. More than one of these traits made Mendel’s experiments possible.
8. In pea plants, purple flower color is dominant to white flower color. If in the P generation, a pure-breeding white
flowering pea plant is crossed with a pure-breeding purple flowering pea plant, what will be the expected phenotypes of
the F2 generation?
A. all purple flowering pea plants
B. 1/2 purple flowering pea plants; 1/2 white
C. all white flowering pea plants
D. ¾ purple flowering pea plants; ¼ white
E. ¼ purple flowering pea plants; ¾ purple
flowering pea plant is crossed with a pure-breeding purple flowering pea plant, what will be the expected genotypes of the
F2 generation?
A. all homozygous dominant
B. ½ homozygous dominant; ½ homozygous recessive
C. all homozygous recessive
D. ¾ homozygous dominant; ¼ homozygous recessive
E. ¼ homozygous dominant; ½ heterozygous; ¼ homozygous recessive
10. Mendel’s principle of segregation relates directly to an event that occurs in _______ of meiosis.
A. Prophase I
B. Anaphase I
C. Metaphase I
D. Prophase II
E. Anaphase II
11. Which of the following crosses will produce offspring that show the recessive phenotype?
A. Aa x AA
B. AA x aa
C. Aa x Aa
D. AA x Aa
E. more than one of these is correct
12. In a cross between a pure breeding tall plant (dominant) and a pure breeding dwarf plant (recessive) the expected
genotypes of the offspring will be
B. all heterozygous
D. 3/4 heterozygous; 1/4 homozygous recessive
E. half homozygous dominant; half heterozygous
13. In a cross between a pure breeding tall (dominant) plant and a pure breeding dwarf (recessive) plant, the expected
phenotypes of the offspring will be:
A. 3/4 tall: 1/4 dwarf
B.
half tall: half dwarf
C. all tall
D. all dwarf
14. In a cross between a heterozygous smooth-seeded (Ss) plant and a homozygous wrinkled-seeded (ss) plant, what
would be the expected phenotypes of the offspring?
A. all smooth
B. all wrinkled
C. 3/4 smooth:1/4 wrinkled
D.
half smooth: half wrinkled
15.
In Mendelian genetic crosses, a(n) _____ allele is only expressed in the homozygous condition.
A. recessive
B. dominant
C. homozygous
D. heterozygous
16. In Mendel's work with peas, an F1 hybrid (smooth yellow) was crossed to the recessive (wrinkled green) parent type.
In terms of color, what were the frequencies of the phenotypes in the offspring of this cross?
A. all green
B. all yellow
C. 1/2 green and 1/2 yellow
D. 3/4 yellow and 1/4 green
E. none of the above
17. Which of the following could be an RNA codon?
A. TAT
B. CGT
C. AAC
D. GAT
E. all of the above
18. In pea plants, the smooth seed trait is dominant to the wrinkled seed trait and the green pod trait is dominate to the
yellow pod trait. If a pea plant that is homozygous dominant for both traits is crossed with a pea plant that is homozygous
recessive for both traits what will be the expected genotypes of the offspring of this cross?
A. homozygous dominate for both traits
B. heterozygous for both traits
C. ½ homozygous dominant and ½ homozygous recessive
D. ¼ homozygous dominant; ½ heterozygous; ¼ homozygous recessive
E. ¾ heterozygous and ¼ homozygous dominant
recessive for both traits what will be the expected phenotypes of the offspring of this cross?
A. all smooth seed with yellow pods
B. ½ smooth seed with yellow pods; ½ wrinkled seed with green pods
C. ¾ smooth seed with yellow pods; ¼ wrinkled seed with green pods
D. all wrinkled seed with green pods
20. If a portion of a DNA molecule being transcribed is ATCCGATGA, then the complementary portion of mRNA would
read:
A. ATCCGATGA
B. TAGGCTACT
C. UAGGCUACU
D. AUCCGAUGA
E. GCAATGCAG.
21. If a segment of DNA read CATGAGACT, the complementary transcribed sequence would read
A. CATGAGACT
B. GTACTCTGA
C. CAUGAGACU
D. GUACUCUGA
22.
A cross between pure- breeding red carnations and pure-breeding white carnations yields all pink carnations. This is an example of
A. complete dominance.
B. incomplete dominance.
C. co-dominance.
D. polygenic inheritance.
E. linkage.
23. A cross between a brown chicken and a white chicken results in chicks that are speckled brown and white. This is an
example of
C. codominance.
E. linkage.
24. A cross between two F1 pink dahlia yields plants with 9 varieties of flower color. This is an example of
C. co-dominance.
E. linkage.
25. The result of polygenic inheritance is

A. continuous variation around a mean.
B. all heterozygous genotypes.
C. phenotypes that are distinct from each other.
D. novel phenotypic variations.
26. Linked genes

A. tend to be inherited together.
B. do not segregate from each other in meiosis.
C. do not assort independently.
D. do all of these
27. A point mutation is a change of:

A. a centromere
B. a whole chromatid
C. a single base
D. a whole chromosome
E. a single codon
28. The first flowering plant genome that was sequenced was of
A. Zea mays
B. Oryza sativa
C. Sorgum bicolor
D. Arabidopsis thaliana
29. The actual coding part of a gene is the

A. exon.
B. intron.
C. codon.
D. polymerase.
30. The codon, AUG, is a start codon that also codes for the amino acid,
A. valine
B. phenylalanine
C. cysteine
D. methionine
E. leucine
31. Which of the following molecules is found in all parts of protein synthesis?
A. rRNA
B. tRNA
C. mRNA
D. RNA polymerase
E. all of these molecules are found in all aspects of protein synthesis
32. Transcription leads to the production of _______ whereas translation leads to _______.
A.
tRNA – polypeptides
B.
polypeptides – mRNA
C.
mRNA – polypeptides
D.
mRNA – tRNA
E.
rRNA – polypeptides
33. Which of the following is involved with gene silencing?

A. mRNA
B. miRNA
C. tRNA
D. rRNA
34. Eukaryotic mRNA is translated

A. in the nucleus.
B. in the Golgi.
C. at the ribosome.
D. in the cytoplasm.
35. Insertion and deletion mutations both can cause
A. point mutations.
B. somatic mutations.
C. frame-shift mutatiions.
D. none of these.
E. all of these.
36. The introduction of genes from one organism into another is called ______ technology.
A. restriction DNA
B. somatic cell cloning
C. germ cell
D. recombinant DNA
E. plasmid restructuring
37. Using bacterial _______, researchers are able to insert new genes into eukaryote cells to produce proteins of
interest.
A. mRNA
B. plasmids
C. sex chromosomes
D.
ribosomes
38.
According to Mendel's Principle of _______ a pair of alleles separate from each other during the formation of gametes.
_________________________
39. ______ enzymes cut the DNA molecule at specific base sequences.
_________________________
40. If genes are on the same chromosome they will be inherited together; this condition is referred to as ____.
_________________________
41.
If both alleles are expressed in the heterozygote, the condition is called ______.
_________________________
42. _______ is the molecule which carries genetic information from the DNA to the ribosomes.
_________________________
43. Portions of the mRNA molecule that are removed before translation are known as _______.
_________________________
44. ______ and ______ described the structure of the DNA molecule.
_________________________
45. A protein composed of 50 amino acids would be coded for by the exon of a gene _______ bases long.
_________________________
46. Phenotype indicates the genetic makeup of an organism.

True False
47. In sesame plants, the one pod condition (P) is dominant to the three pod condition (p). A cross between PP and Pp
would result in a 1:1 ratio of one pod to three in the offspring.
True False
48. Translation results in the formation of mRNA as a complimentary copy of DNA.

True False
49. Somatic mutations are always passed along to offspring.

True False
50. SNPs are locations in human DNA in which a single nucleotide base differs among individuals.
True False
51. Approximately 99.9% of the human genome consists of genes, DNA that codes for proteins.
True False
Chapter 07 Test Bank Key
1.
Alternative forms of the same gene are called
A. loci
B. homologous
C. heterozygous
D. alleles
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

Gradable: automatic
2. A pea plant received a dominant allele for flower color from one of its parents and a recessive allele for flower color
B. heterozygous
D. undetermined

Gradable: automatic
B. heterozygous
D. undetermined

Gradable: automatic
from its other parent. The phenotype of this pea plant is
B. heterozygous
D. undetermined

Gradable: automatic
5. Which of the following was unknown during Mendel’s time?
A. the structure of DNA
B. mitosis and meiosis
C. genes and chromosomes
D. the structure of nucleotides
E. none of these were known about in Mendel’s time

Gradable: automatic
6. What was the immediate fate of Mendel’s 1865 publication of his pea plant experiments?
A. He received universal praise and the science of genetics was born.
B. It was immediately condemned as anti-religious and banned by the Catholic Church.
C. He was accused of fraud and fudging his data.
D. It was mostly ignored for over 30 years.

Gradable: automatic
7. What trait did the parent pea plants Mendel use that made his experiments possible?
A. They were self-pollinating.
B. They were all homozygous dominant.
C. They were all homozygous recessive.
D. They were all heterozygous.
E. More than one of these traits made Mendel’s experiments possible.

Gradable: automatic
flowering pea plant is crossed with a pure-breeding purple flowering pea plant, what will be the expected phenotypes of
the F2 generation?
A. all purple flowering pea plants
B. 1/2 purple flowering pea plants; 1/2 white
C. all white flowering pea plants
D. ¾ purple flowering pea plants; ¼ white
E. ¼ purple flowering pea plants; ¾ purple

Gradable: automatic
flowering pea plant is crossed with a pure-breeding purple flowering pea plant, what will be the expected genotypes of the
F2 generation?
B. ½ homozygous dominant; ½ homozygous recessive
D. ¾ homozygous dominant; ¼ homozygous recessive
E. ¼ homozygous dominant; ½ heterozygous; ¼ homozygous recessive

Gradable: automatic
10. Mendel’s principle of segregation relates directly to an event that occurs in _______ of meiosis.
A. Prophase I
B. Anaphase I
C. Metaphase I
D. Prophase II
E. Anaphase II

Gradable: automatic
11. Which of the following crosses will produce offspring that show the recessive phenotype?
A. Aa x AA
B. AA x aa
C. Aa x Aa
D. AA x Aa
E. more than one of these is correct

Gradable: automatic
12. In a cross between a pure breeding tall plant (dominant) and a pure breeding dwarf plant (recessive) the expected
genotypes of the offspring will be
B. all heterozygous
D. 3/4 heterozygous; 1/4 homozygous recessive
E. half homozygous dominant; half heterozygous

Gradable: automatic
13. In a cross between a pure breeding tall (dominant) plant and a pure breeding dwarf (recessive) plant, the expected
phenotypes of the offspring will be:
A. 3/4 tall: 1/4 dwarf
B.
half tall: half dwarf
C. all tall
D. all dwarf

Gradable: automatic
14. In a cross between a heterozygous smooth-seeded (Ss) plant and a homozygous wrinkled-seeded (ss) plant, what
would be the expected phenotypes of the offspring?
A. all smooth
B. all wrinkled
C. 3/4 smooth:1/4 wrinkled
D.
half smooth: half wrinkled

Gradable: automatic
15.
In Mendelian genetic crosses, a(n) _____ allele is only expressed in the homozygous condition.
A. recessive
B. dominant
C. homozygous
D. heterozygous

Gradable: automatic
16. In Mendel's work with peas, an F1 hybrid (smooth yellow) was crossed to the recessive (wrinkled green) parent type.
In terms of color, what were the frequencies of the phenotypes in the offspring of this cross?
A. all green
B. all yellow
C. 1/2 green and 1/2 yellow
D. 3/4 yellow and 1/4 green
E. none of the above

Gradable: automatic
17. Which of the following could be an RNA codon?
A. TAT
B. CGT
C. AAC
D. GAT
E. all of the above

Gradable: automatic
recessive for both traits what will be the expected genotypes of the offspring of this cross?
A. homozygous dominate for both traits
B. heterozygous for both traits
C. ½ homozygous dominant and ½ homozygous recessive
D. ¼ homozygous dominant; ½ heterozygous; ¼ homozygous recessive
E. ¾ heterozygous and ¼ homozygous dominant

Gradable: automatic
recessive for both traits what will be the expected phenotypes of the offspring of this cross?
A. all smooth seed with yellow pods
B. ½ smooth seed with yellow pods; ½ wrinkled seed with green pods
C. ¾ smooth seed with yellow pods; ¼ wrinkled seed with green pods
D. all wrinkled seed with green pods

Gradable: automatic
20. If a portion of a DNA molecule being transcribed is ATCCGATGA, then the complementary portion of mRNA would
read:
A. ATCCGATGA
B. TAGGCTACT
C. UAGGCUACU
D. AUCCGAUGA
E. GCAATGCAG.

Gradable: automatic
21. If a segment of DNA read CATGAGACT, the complementary transcribed sequence would read
A. CATGAGACT
B. GTACTCTGA
C. CAUGAGACU
D. GUACUCUGA

Gradable: automatic
22.
A cross between pure- breeding red carnations and pure-breeding white carnations yields all pink carnations. This is an example of
C. co-dominance.
E. linkage.

Gradable: automatic
23. A cross between a brown chicken and a white chicken results in chicks that are speckled brown and white. This is an
example of
C. codominance.
E. linkage.

Gradable: automatic
24. A cross between two F1 pink dahlia yields plants with 9 varieties of flower color. This is an example of
C. co-dominance.
E. linkage.

Gradable: automatic
25. The result of polygenic inheritance is
A. continuous variation around a mean.
B. all heterozygous genotypes.
C. phenotypes that are distinct from each other.
D. novel phenotypic variations.

Gradable: automatic
26. Linked genes

A. tend to be inherited together.
B. do not segregate from each other in meiosis.
C. do not assort independently.
D. do all of these

Gradable: automatic
27. A point mutation is a change of:

A. a centromere
B. a whole chromatid
C. a single base
D. a whole chromosome
E. a single codon

Gradable: automatic
28. The first flowering plant genome that was sequenced was of
A. Zea mays
B. Oryza sativa
C. Sorgum bicolor
D. Arabidopsis thaliana

Gradable: automatic
29. The actual coding part of a gene is the

A. exon.
B. intron.
C. codon.
D. polymerase.

Gradable: automatic
30. The codon, AUG, is a start codon that also codes for the amino acid,
A. valine
B. phenylalanine
C. cysteine
D. methionine
E. leucine

Gradable: automatic
31. Which of the following molecules is found in all parts of protein synthesis?
A. rRNA
B. tRNA
C. mRNA
D. RNA polymerase
E. all of these molecules are found in all aspects of protein synthesis

Gradable: automatic
32. Transcription leads to the production of _______ whereas translation leads to _______.
A.
tRNA – polypeptides
B.
polypeptides – mRNA
C.
mRNA – polypeptides
D.
mRNA – tRNA
E.
rRNA – polypeptides

Gradable: automatic
33. Which of the following is involved with gene silencing?
A. mRNA
B. miRNA
C. tRNA
D. rRNA

Gradable: automatic
34. Eukaryotic mRNA is translated

A. in the nucleus.
B. in the Golgi.
C. at the ribosome.
D. in the cytoplasm.

Gradable: automatic
35. Insertion and deletion mutations both can cause

A. point mutations.
B. somatic mutations.
C. frame-shift mutatiions.
D. none of these.
E. all of these.

Gradable: automatic
36. The introduction of genes from one organism into another is called ______ technology.
A. restriction DNA
B. somatic cell cloning
C. germ cell
D. recombinant DNA
E. plasmid restructuring

Gradable: automatic
37. Using bacterial _______, researchers are able to insert new genes into eukaryote cells to produce proteins of
interest.
A. mRNA
B. plasmids
C. sex chromosomes
D.
ribosomes

Gradable: automatic
38.
According to Mendel's Principle of _______ a pair of alleles separate from each other during the formation of gametes.
Segregation

Gradable: automatic
39. ______ enzymes cut the DNA molecule at specific base sequences.
Restriction

Gradable: automatic
40. If genes are on the same chromosome they will be inherited together; this condition is referred to as ____.
linkage

Gradable: automatic
41.
If both alleles are expressed in the heterozygote, the condition is called ______.
co-dominance

Gradable: automatic
42. _______ is the molecule which carries genetic information from the DNA to the ribosomes.
mRNA

Gradable: automatic
43. Portions of the mRNA molecule that are removed before translation are known as _______.
introns

Gradable: automatic
44. ______ and ______ described the structure of the DNA molecule.
Watson - Crick

Gradable: automatic
45. A protein composed of 50 amino acids would be coded for by the exon of a gene _______ bases long.
150

Gradable: automatic
46. Phenotype indicates the genetic makeup of an organism.

FALSE

Gradable: automatic
47. In sesame plants, the one pod condition (P) is dominant to the three pod condition (p). A cross between PP and Pp
would result in a 1:1 ratio of one pod to three in the offspring.
FALSE

Gradable: automatic
48. Translation results in the formation of mRNA as a complimentary copy of DNA.

FALSE

Gradable: automatic
49. Somatic mutations are always passed along to offspring.

FALSE

Gradable: automatic
50. SNPs are locations in human DNA in which a single nucleotide base differs among individuals.
TRUE

Gradable: automatic
51. Approximately 99.9% of the human genome consists of genes, DNA that codes for proteins.
FALSE

Gradable: automatic
Chapter 07 Test Bank Summary
Category # of Questions
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 51
Gradable: automatic 51

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Plants and Society 7th Edition Levetin

Alternative forms of the same gene are called

5. Which of the following was unknown during Mendel’s time?

half tall: half dwarf

half smooth: half wrinkled

25. The result of polygenic inheritance is

26. Linked genes

27. A point mutation is a change of:

29. The actual coding part of a gene is the

33. Which of the following is involved with gene silencing?

34. Eukaryotic mRNA is translated

46. Phenotype indicates the genetic makeup of an organism.

48. Translation results in the formation of mRNA as a complimentary copy of DNA.

49. Somatic mutations are always passed along to offspring.

Alternative forms of the same gene are called

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

half tall: half dwarf

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

half smooth: half wrinkled

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

26. Linked genes

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

27. A point mutation is a change of:

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

29. The actual coding part of a gene is the

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

34. Eukaryotic mRNA is translated

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

35. Insertion and deletion mutations both can cause

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation