ASSIGNMENT-02

THE IMAGE OF THE

CITY
AUTHOR: KEVIN A. LYNCH

SUBJECT:URBANPLANNING,ARCHITECTURE
PUBLISHED: 1960

This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY

JERSEY CITY
Jersey City, New Jersey, lies between Newark and New York
City, and is a fringe area of both, with little central activity of
its own.

it has
the appearance of a place to pass through rather than to
live in. AND the roads are uncordinate. the city has poor
orientation. so much traffic and spatial chaos
The essentials
of the structure are Journal Square, one of the two main
shopping
centers, with the line of Hudson Boulevard passing through it.
From Hudson Boulevard depends the "Bergen Section" and the
important West Side Park, To the east, three paths pass down
over the cliff edge to more or less converge in the lower area:
Newark, Montgomery, and Communipaw-Grand. On the cliff
stands the Medical Center. Everything stops at the barrier of
the railroad-industrial-dock area on the Hudson.
LOS ANGELES

The LOS ANGELES area,the heart of a great

metropolitan region, presents a different
picture, and one quite different from
BOSTON and JERSEY CITY zones,includes
little more than central buisnessdistrict vand
its frings.

Parts of LOS ANGELES –

Westside
Downtown
South LOS ANGELES
East LOS ANGELES
Port Area/ Harbour
West Side: The city of caloifonoia The Los Angeles Westside is an urban region in western Los Angeles
County, California. It has no official definition, but sources like LA Weekly and the Mapping
L.A. survey of the Los Angeles Times place the region on the western side of the Los
Angeles Basin south of the Santa Monica Mountains

Downtown: It’s a residenTial district of LA Downtown LA is the city center of LOS ANGELES, where
the cutting edge and tha classic sit side by side.

South LOS ANGELES: Neighborhood in CALIFORNIA.

Geography. Historic South Central flanks Downtown Los Angeles on the
northeast, Central-Alameda on the east, South Park on the south, and
Vermont Square, Exposition Park and University Park on the west.

PORT AREA: The Port of Los Angeles is a seaport managed by the Los Angeles Harbor
Department.

Eastside is an urban region in Los Angeles County, California. It includes the Los Angeles City
neighborhoods east of the Los Angeles River
COMMON THEMES

Los Angeles' Civic Center was noted for its spatial openness.

The Los Angeles River is about fifty miles long, and the entire length has trapezoidal shaped or rectangular
shaped concrete walls, and most of it has a concrete bottom as well.

The Los Angeles River is the original source of life for the City of Los Angeles. It is where the Tongva and,
later, the Spanish built the City's first settlements and where, today, ethnically diverse neighbourhoods
prosper.

Jersey City is home to Liberty Island National Park, including the Ellis Island Immigration Station, while The
Statue of Liberty is completely surrounded by the City of Jersey City.

The most striking features of the state are its beaches, the Pine Barrens, The Palisades facing Manhattan, the
broad marshes and swampland in the northeast, and the hills of the northwest, including the famous Delaware
Water Gap.

Jersey City is surrounded by water between Newark Bay, Hudson River, and Upper Bay.
THE CITY IMAGE AND ITS ELEMENTS

The contents of the city images so far studied,which are referable to physical forms,can conviently
be classified into five types of elements. These elements are may as follows:

1. PATHWAY
2. EDGES
3. DISTRICTS
4. NODES
5. LANDMARKS
 PATHWAY

These are the streets, sidewalks, trails, canals, railroads and

other channels in which people travel; They arrange space
and movement between space ,Paths are the channels.

For most people interviewed, paths were predominant

city elements, although their importance varied
according to the degree of familiarity.
.
EDGES

Boundaries; They can be either Real or Perceived; These are

walls,
buildings,
and
shorelines, curbstone,
streets,
overpasses, etc. Edges are linear elements that form
boundaries between areas .
BURIGANGA RIVER HATIRJHEEL
DISTRICTS

Districts are the relatively large city areas which the observer
can mentally go inside of, and which have some common character.
They can be recognized internally, and occasionally can
be used as external reference as a person goes by or toward them.
NODES
Nodes
Nodes are points, the strategic spots in a city into which an
observer can enter, and which are the intensive foci to and
from which he is travelling. They may be primarily junctions
or concentrations.
SHAPLA CHATTAR
ECB
LANDMARKS

Landmark : this is the key element of urban design. A

unique point in an environment, distinguished from its
surroundings. It can be Natural topography,
trees,buildings, or a particular feature. Landmarks
provide orientation and hint at the surrounding urban
structure.

A physical element with unique and special Visual

features that has e point- specific location and can be
identified From the distance.

This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY-SA

ELEMENTS INTERRELATION

Elements interelation

These elements are simply the raw material of the

environmental image at the city scale. They must
be patterned together to provide a satisfying form.
The preceding discussions have gone as far as
groups of similar elements (nets of paths, clusters
of landmarks, mosaics of regions).
Examples of maps obtained for the city of Boston, Massachusetts are shown in Figure 1. Lynch found
quite a high degree of consistency between the aggregate maps derived from the interviews and
the field-maps provided by trained experts, suggesting that the latter might be a useful basis for a
survey of legibility in any city. He also found that different parts of the city were differentiated in
terms of their legibility defined as the strength of imageability of elements and of the structural
interplay between elements. From these maps and from the rich detail included in the interviews,
Lynch went on to outline a set of criteria for improving the legibility of elements and of structure.

Figure 1: Maps of Boston from Lynch (1960). Key to the symbols

a) Map derived from field survey by trained surveyors.

b) Map driven from interviews with residents.

 c) Map derived from sketch map residents

d) The distinctive features of Boston derived from residents' sketch maps and
interviews.
 DESINGING THE PATHS

Paths. Lynch describes paths as the "channels along which the observer
customarily, occasionally, or potentially moves." These channels may be
streets, boulevards, and avenues, as well as waterways, railroads, or any other
means used for moving through the cities

In modern usage the term road describes a rural, lesser traveled way, while
the word street denotes an urban roadway. Highway refers to a major rural
traveled way; more recently it has been used for a road, in either a rural or
urban area, where points of entrance and exit for traffic are limited and
controlled.
DESIGN OF OTHER ELEMENTS

Edges as well as paths call for a certain continuity of form throughout their length the edge of
a business district ,for example may be an important concept but be difficult to discover in the
field because it has no recognizable continuity of form.
Particularly where the regions bounded are not of constrasting nature , then it is useful to
differentiate the two side of an edge to orient the observer in the inside outside sense .
An edge may be more than simply dominant barrier if some visual or motion penertration is
allowed through it .If it is as it were ,structured to some depth with the region on either side .
Control of landmark and its context