WEEK 10_

CONTROLLING
A PROCESS OF MONITORING PERFORMANCE AND
TAKING ACTION TO ENSURE DESIRED RESULTS.
 CONTROLLING

► Controlling is the 4th function in management process

► Controlling is the process of monitoring, compare, and correcting
work performance.
► Definition of Controlling Henry Fayol: Control consists in verifying
whether everything occurs in conformity with the plan adopted, the
instructions issued and the principles established.
► Controlling implies measurement of accomplishment /performance
against the standard & the correction of deviations to assure
attainment of objectives according to plans.
 CONTROLLING AS A
MANAGEMENT FUNCTION

► A process of monitoring performance and taking action to

ensure desired results. – It sees to it that the right things
happen, in the right ways, and at the right time.
► Done well, it ensures that the overall directions of individuals
and groups are consistent with short and long range plans of
the organisation.
► It helps ensure that objectives and accomplishments are
consistent with one another throughout an organization.
► It helps maintain compliance with essential organizational rules
and policies.
CONTROL

► Control is the management function in which performance is

measured and corrective action is taken to ensure the
accomplishment of organizational goals.
► Control is a function of management which helps to check
errors in order to take corrective actions
Control includes coordination of
numerous activities :

► decision making related to planning and organizing activities

and information from directing and evaluating each worker’s
performance.
► setting standards, measuring actual performance and taking
corrective action in decision making.
► Control is also viewed as being concerned with records,
reports, organizational progress toward aims, and effective
use of resources.
► Control uses evaluation and regulation; controlling is identical
to evaluation.
STEPS IN CONTROLLING

► Setting performance standards

► Measurement of actual performance
► Comparison of actual performance with standards
► Analysis deviations
► Taking corrective action.
PERSONNEL EVALUATION

► It is a constructive process to acknowledge the performance

of a non-probationary career employee.
► An employee's evaluation shall be sufficiently specific to
inform and guide the employee in the performance of her/his
duties.
DISCIPLINE OF PERSONNEL

► It is the regulation or condition that are imposed on

employees by management in order to either correct or
prevent behaviors that are detrimental to an organization.
► The purpose of employee discipline is not to embarrass or
degrade an employee.
FEATURES/CHARACTERSTICS OF
CONTROLLING

► Continuous process.
► Flexible and dynamic process.
► Future oriented.
► Planning and controlling closely related.
► Function of management.
► Strategic and results oriented
► Understandable
► Timely and exception oriented
► Essence of control is action
Control Process

► Establish objectives and standards- Performance objectives are

defined and the standards for measuring them are set.
► There are two types of standards-output standard and input
standard.
► Measure actual performance- To spot deviations or variances
between what really occurs and what is most desired.
► Comparing Results with Objectives and Standards Establishes the
need for action.
► Ways of making comparisons: Historical / Relative and
Benchmarking.
► Taking Corrective Action- Taking any action necessary to correct
or improve things.
 MANAGERIAL CONTROL
► Tactical Control
▪ focuses on assessing the implementation of tactical plans at
departmental levels, monitoring associated periodic results, and
taking corrective action as necessary.
▪ This managerial control is being practiced by the middle and top
manager.
► Strategic Control
▪ involves monitoring critical environmental factors that could affect the
viability of strategic plans, assessing the effects of organizational
strategic actions, and ensuring that strategic plans are implemented
as intended.
► Operational Control
▪ involves overseeing the implementation of operating plans,
monitoring day to day results, and taking corrective action when
required.
Two types of managerial control

► Internal management control

▪ Where employees exercise self discipline - Theory Y

► External management control

▪ Where managers use supervision and formal
administrative systems.
 What are some of the control in
Organizational systems?
► Remuneration and Benefits
► Employee Discipline Systems eg progressive
► Information and Financial controls - liquidity, leverage, profitability
► Operations management and control - purchasing, inventory,
quality
► Project management and control - gantt charts, CPM/PERT
techniques
► Balanced scorecareds
► Management by objectives