CELL PHYSIOLOGY TUTORIAL

By Godfrey Mavuya (Powerhouse)

be who you needed when you were younger
1. True or false
a. The internal environment of the organism is passively
maintained constant by cells, tissues and organs
organised into negative feedback systems.
b. All negative feedback systems are homeostatic
c. Blood hematocrit is homeostatically controlled
d. Homeostatic mechanisms have an “on” and “off” switch
e. Feedforward control is a mechanism in a system for
preventing problems before they occur
2. True or False
a. A sensor is part of an endocrine and or the nervous
system.
b. The integrator is a component of the control center.
c. The set point does not change
d. Sensors respond within a limited range of stimulus
values.
e. The action of targets (effectors) causes physical or
chemical changes that alter the regulated variable.
3. Concerning a sensor(s) in homeostasis
a. Include baroreceptors
b. Include taste buds
c. Include osmoreceptors
d. can be a specialised sensory receptor
e. It is a measuring “devise”
4. Concerning normal physiological ranges
a. K+ in ECF (3.5 -6mmol/L)
b. Blood glucose (3.8 to 6mmol/L)
c. Arterial Po2 (34-45mmHg)
d. H+ concentration (Ph 7.35-7.45)
e. Blood osmolarity (285-295 mOsms/kg)
5. Concerning organelles
a. Lysosomes contain genetic material.
b. Mitochondria are not found in mature red blood cells.
c. Mitochondria in most cases are inherited only from
mothers.
d. Mitochondria would be found in large amounts in a
sperm cell.
e. ER synthesises lysosomal enzymes.
f. The membranes of the ER are continuous with the outer
nuclear membrane
g. The sarcoplasmic reticulum stores calcium.
6. Concerning body fluid and compartments.
a. Blood plasma is 7 liters
b. Total body water is approximately 42 liters
c. The extracellular fluid is 1/3 of the total body weight
d. Infants are more likely to be dehydrated because they
contain more ECF volume than adults.
e. Total body water decrease with aging
7. True or false
a. Pinocytosis does not require energy
b. Both endocytosis and exocytosis require calcium
c. The plasma membrane area increases in exocytosis
d. Pinocytosis is cell eating
e. The sodium potassium pump transports 3 K+ ions out of
the cell and 2 Na+ ions into the cell.
8. True or false
a. Tight junctions prevent the passage of molecules and
ins through the space between epithelial cells
b. Membrane carbohydrates are found on the inside of the
plasma membrane
c. Aquaporins are membrane proteins that allow water to
cross the plasma membrane
d. Placing red blood cells in an isotonic environment will
cause them to crenate
e. More than half of the diseases today are as a result of
what is ingested through the mouth.
Cell communication
9. The following ligands have intracellular
receptors.
a. Prolactin
b. Testosterone
c. Cortisol
d. Estrogen
e. insulin
10. Examples of beneficial positive feedback
include
a. Blood clotting
b. Oxygen loading on hemoglobin
c. Oxytocin induced child birth mechanism
d. Regulation of blood glucose by insulin
e. Regulation of blood calcium by parathyroid hormone
11. True or False
a. Plasma in males is 1/3 of the total body fluid.
b. Oedema can be caused by increased plasma protein
c. In homeostasis, body variables are maintained constant
d. Effectors, which can be glands or muscles provide
means to respond to the stimulus
e. Colloids are effective in expanding the circulatory
volume.
 12. Concerning Plasma membrane
receptors. They can function as-
a. Ion channels
b. Enzymes
c. Receptors that activate G proteins
d. First messengers
e. Receptors that are bound to and activate JAK kinase
13. Concerning cAMP
a. Is a first messenger
b. Can be used for signal transduction by testosterone
c. Activate c AMP- dependant protein kinase
d. Activate protein kinase C
e. Intracellular increase can be caused by vibrio cholera
entering enterocytes
14. Concerning calcium
a. Is a second messenger
b. Can be stored in the mitochondria
c. Binds to calmodulin
d. Is required in exocytosis
e. Intracellular concentration can be increased by opening
of voltage sensitive calcium channels
15. Function of calcium in the body are;
a. Blood clotting
b. As a second messenger
c. Contraction of skeletal muscles
d. Release of a neurotransmitter at the neuromuscular
junction.
e. Assist the movement of sperm to fertilise the egg
16. True or False
a. Cellular responses usually involve increasing or
decreasing some protein function
b. Fat soluble signalling molecules have slow response
c. More than one response can result from the reception
of a single ligand
d. Nitric oxide has intracellular receptors
e. Water crosses the plasma membrane through voltage
gated channels.
17. In the membrane permeability practical

a. Increase in temperature resulted in haemolysis

occurring faster
b. Being fat soluble increases haemolysis time
c. % fragility was inversely related to salt concentration
d. In molecular weight and permeability, the heavier
solutions caused haemolysis to occur faster
e. Hyperosmotic solutions are always hypertonic
18. Concerning the Na K pump
a. Is an example of secondary active transport
b. It has extracellular binding sites for K+
c. It has an intracellular binding site for ATP
d. Can be inhibited b ouabain
e. Is important for the absorption of glucose in the
gastrointestinal tract
19. True or False
a. Insulin is a hydrophobic ligand
b. ECF concentration of chloride is 125 mmol/L
c. Na- K pump is described as electrogenic
d. Na- K pump pumps 3Na+ out of the cell
e. At rest the membrane is more permeable to K+ ions
20. The rate of diffusion of a substance
across the biomembrane is increased by
decreased;
a. Thickness of the membrane
b. Temperature of the solvent
c. Concentration gradient for the solute across the
membrane
d. Solubility of the substance in water
e. Cholesterol content in the membrane bilayer.
VINCERE CARITATE