Quantitative

Methods of
Expressing
Concentration of
Solutions
Quick Review!

What are the

components of
solution?
Quick Review!

-Solute
-Solvent
What’s the difference
between the two?
Quick Review!
Solute – present in lesser
amount/quantity; the
substance being dissolved
Solvent – present in
greater amount/quantity;
the dissolving substance
of a solution
Quick Review!

What is meant
by
concentration?
Quick Review!
Concentration- show
the measure of how
much of a given
substance is mixed
with another substance
Quick Review!
What are the
terms used to
provide
qualitative
methods of
describing
concentration?
Quick Review!
Concentrated – a solution
which has a large amount
of solute for a certain
volume of solvent
Dilute – a solution in
which there is a small
amount of solute in a
given amount of solvent
 Methods of expressing
Concentration of Solutions:

% by mass (% m/m)

% by volume (% v/v)
 Methods of expressing
Concentration of Solutions:

% by mass = mass of solute

x 100%
mass of solution
Application:

Proof Content
 Molarity (M)

moles of solute
M =
liters of solution

Molality (m)
moles of solute
m =
mass of solvent (kg)
Sample Problem:

What is the molarity of a 0.50 L

solution containing 9.0 g of NaCl
in water?
Mole Fraction (X)

moles of A
XA =
sum of moles of all components
Sample Problem:

A solution contains 10.0 g pentene

(C5H12), 10.0 hexene (C6H14) and
10.0 g benzene (C6H6).
1. What is the mole fraction of
hexane?
2. What is the mole fraction of
benzene?
Parts per million (PPM)

*Commonly used in reporting low

concentrations or very small
concentrations of a solution.

*ex. Amount of dissolved minerals or

pollutants in the water.
*For solutions, ppm is usually reported in terms of
mass and refers to grams of solute per million
grams of solution.
grams solute
ppm = _____________ x 10 6
grams solution

Ex.) A 1– ppm solution means 1 g of solute

per million grams of solution.
Sample Problem:

A 105-g sample of tap water

is found to contain 0.08 g of
sodium fluoride. What is the
concentration of sodium
fluoride in parts per million?