________Solutions____________

Review - LIMITS
PART I - DO NOT USE A CALCULATOR ON ANY PROBLEM IN THIS SECTION. (Problems 1-37)

Consider the graph of function, f , shown below.

4
f
2

-10 -5 5 10

-2

-4

Answer the following questions about function f.

1.) f (−5) = 6 2.) f (2) = 1 3.) f (4) = − 3

4.) lim f (x) = 2 5.) lim f (x) = 6 6.) lim f (x) = 3

x→−7 x→−5 x→2

7.) lim f (x) = DNE 8.) lim f (x) = DNE 9.) lim f (x) = −∞DNE
x→0−
x→4 x→0

10.) lim f (x) = +∞ DNE 11.) lim f (x) = −3 12.) lim f (x) = 2
x→0+ x→4+ x→4−

13.) lim f (x) = 0+ 14.) lim f (x) = 0−

x→−∞ x→∞

15.) Use the definition of a continuous function at a number to answer the following.

a. f is not continuous at x = -7 because:__ f ( −7 ) is not defined. _________________________________

b. f is not continuous at x = 2 because:_____ f ( 2 ) ≠ lim f ( x ) ___________________________________

x→2

c. f is not continuous at x = 4 because:_______ lim f (x) = DNE _________________________________

x→4
DO NOT USE A CALCULATOR

x→2
(
16.) lim −x 2 + 4x ) 17.) lim−
x − 3 ⎧⎪ 9 − 3 = 0
⎨ 18.) lim
x ⎧0
⎨
(() ( ))
x − 9 ⎪⎩9 − 9 = 0 x→0 tan x tan0 = 0
2 x→9
⎩
= − 2 +4 2 =4
Do some algebra Do some algebra
⎡ x cos x ⎤
⎡ x − 3 x + 3⎤ = lim ⎢ = (1) (1) = 1
= lim− ⎢ ⎥ x→0 sin x
⎣ 1 ⎥⎦
x→9
⎢⎣ x − 9 x + 3 ⎥⎦
⎡ ⎤
⎢ x−9 ⎥
= lim−
x→9 ⎢
( )
⎢⎣ ( x − 9 ) x + 3 ⎥⎦
⎥

⎡ 1 ⎤ 1
= lim− ⎢ ⎥= −
x→9
⎣ x + 3⎦ 6
æ x ö
19.) lim+ ç ÷
æ 1ö
20.) lim- ç1 + ÷ (
21.) lim sin π x
x→1
)
è x+2ø
= ( sin π (1)) = 0
x ®-2 x ®0 è xø
⎛ −2+ ⎞ −2+ ⎛ 1⎞
=⎜ + = + = −∞ DNE = ⎜ 1+ − ⎟ = −∞ DNE
⎝ −2 + 2 ⎟⎠ 0 ⎝ 0 ⎠

7 - 6 x5 6 − t3 x−2
22.) lim 23.) lim 3 24.) lim
x ®¥ x + 3 t→−∞ 7t + 3 x→−∞ x + 2x + 1
2

−6x 5
( ) −t 3 1 x 1
= lim = lim −6x 4 = −∞ = lim 3 = − = lim 2 = lim
x x→−∞ x + 2x x→−∞ x + 2
x→∞ x→∞ t→−∞ 7t 7
DNE 1
= = 0−
−∞

2- y 26.) lim f ( x ) when x2 - a2

25.) lim x ®2 27.) If a ¹ 0, then lim is:
y ®-¥
7 + 6 y2 x ®- a x 4 - a 4
ì x 2 - 3x + 6, x < 2
f ( x) = í 2
x 2 − a 2 ⎪( −a ) − a = 0
−y −y ⎧ 2 2
= lim = lim î- x + 3x + 2, x ³ 2 lim ⎨
lim− f ( x ) = 22 − 3( 2 ) + 6 = 4 ⎪⎩( −a ) − a 4 = 0
y→−∞
6 y2 y→−∞
y 6 x→− a x 4 − a 4 4

x→2
1
=− lim f ( x ) = −22 + 3( 2 ) + 2 = 4 Do some algebra
6 x→2+ x 2 − a2
lim f ( x ) = 4 lim 2
x→2 (
x→− a x − a 2
)(
x 2 + a2 )
1 1
= lim =
x→− a
(
1 x +a2 2
) 2a 2
28.) Find a c such that f ( x ) is 29.) Find the x-values (if any) at which f is 30.) Determine all of the vertical
discontinuous. Label as removable or non- asymptotes of f(x):
continuous on the entire real line. removable. x+2
ì x 2 when x £4 f ( x) =
2x + 6
ï
f ( x) = í c f ( x) = 2 x2 - 4
when x >4 2x − 18 x+2 1
ï = =
îx
f ( x) = 2
2x + 6
= 2
x+3 (
x+2 x−2 )(x−2 ) ( )
x→4
()
lim− f x = 42 = 16 2x − 18 x − 9 1 1
x+3 lim− = − = −∞
lim+ f ( x ) =
c = =
1
( x − 2) 0
( x + 3)( x − 3) x − 3
x→2

x→4 4 1 1
lim f ( x ) = 16 f ( x ) is not defined at x = −3 lim+ = + = +∞
x→4 x→2 ( x − 2) 0
c = 64 1
lim+ f ( x ) = lim+ f ( x ) = − x = 2 is a vertical asymptote
x→−3 x→−3 6
removable discontinuity at x = −3
because the limit exists but the
function value does not.
31.) True or False: If f is undefined at 33.) The graph of the function f is shown to the right.
x = c, then the limit of f(x) as x Which of the following statements is false?
approaches c does not exist.
a.) x = a is in the domain of f
False, the limit could exist and
there is a hole in the graph. b.) lim f ( x ) is equal to lim- f ( x )
x ®a + x ®a

c.) lim f ( x ) exists

32.) True or False: If the x ®a

lim f ( x ) = L then f ( c ) = L .
x ®c d.) lim f ( x ) is not equal to f (a)
x ®a
False, the function could be
discontinuous where f ( c ) ≠ L . e.) f is continuous at x = a False

( x + Dx)2 - 2( x + Dx) + 1 - ( x 2 - 2 x + 1) 35.) On the graph, draw a function that has the following
34.) lim properties:
Dx ®0 Dx • A step (or jump) discontinuity at x = 5
x 2 + 2xΔx + ( Δx ) − 2x − 2Δx + 1− (x 2 − 2x + 1)
2
• f(5) = 6.

Δx
2xΔx + ( Δx ) − 2Δx)
2

= = 2x − 2 + Δx
Δx
lim 2x − 2 + Δx = 2x − 2
Δx→0
 36.) Create a function such that the lim does not exist 37.) Find a function f(x) such that f(x) has a hole at x = 7 and
x ®5 a vertical asymptote at x = -4.
because it is approaching + ¥ from both the left and the Answers will vary
right. Show both the function and the graph.
x−7
Answers will vary f ( x) =
1 ( x − 7 )( x + 4)
()
f x =
( )
2
x−5

Unit 1 (1.2-1.6) Review - LIMITS

PART II - CALCULATORS MAY BE USED ON THE FIRST PART OF THIS SECTION.
1.) Approximate the limit numerically by completing the table:

x2
lim = ±∞ DNE
x→2 x−2

x 1.9 1.99 1.999 2 2.001 2.01 2.1

f(x) –36.1 –396.01 –3996.001 undefined 4004.001 404.01 44.1

⎛ 1⎞
2.) Find the limit: lim ⎜ cos ⎟ ⇒ DNE by oscillation
x→0 ⎝ x⎠
6

f g
4

-10 -5 5 10

-2

-4

f ( x + 1)
3.) Find lim f ( g ( x)) 4.) lim f ( x - 1) × g ( x) 5.) lim+
x®2 x ®1 x ®1 g ( x + 3)
u = g ( x) lim g ( x ) = 4− lim− f ( x − 1) ⋅ lim− g ( x ) lim+ f ( x + 1) = lim + f ( x + 1) = 3
x→2 x→1 x→1 x→1 ( x+1)→2
lim f (u) = 2
u→4−
= −∞ ⋅3 = −∞ lim+ g ( x + 3) ⋅ lim + g ( x + 3) = −2
lim+ f ( x − 1) ⋅ lim− g ( x ) ( x+3)→4
x→1

x→1 x→1
f ( x + 1) 3 3
= +∞ ⋅3 = +∞ lim+ = =−
x→1 g ( x + 3) −2 2
lim f ( x − 1) ⋅ lim g ( x ) DNE
x→1 x→1