Linear Algebra

Instructor: Le Hai Yen

In-Class Assignment 2 October 6, 2023

Students:

Operations on matrices
Recall:

1) Some special matrices: Identity matrices, zero matrices, symmetric matrices,...

2) Operations: addition, multiplication with a scalar, transpose of a matrix, multiplication.

3) General properties: Associativity, commutativity...

Question 1. True or false?

1. If columns 1 and 3 of B are the same, so are columns 1 and 3 of AB.
2. If rows 1 and 3 of B are the same, so are rows 1 and 3 of AB.

3. If rows 1 and 3 of A are the same, so are rows 1 and 3 of AB.

4. (AB)2 = A2 B 2 .

Question 2. Write down the 2 by 2 matrices A and B that have entries aij = i + j and bij = (−1)i+j . Multiply
them to find AB and BA. Is the product of A and B commutative?

Question 3. In each part find matrices A, X, B which express the given system of linear equations as a single
matrix equation AX = B. Solve these equations.

1. 2.

x1 − 3x3 + x4 =7
x1 − 3x2 + 5x3 = 7 5x1 + x2 − 8x4 =3
9x1 − x2 + x3 = −1 2x1 − 5x2 + 9x3 − x4 =0
x1 + 5x2 + 4x3 = 0 3x2 − x3 + 7x4 = 2
Linear Algebra
Instructor: Le Hai Yen
In-Class Assignment 2 October 6, 2023

Question 4. Find the powers A2 , A3 , B 2 , B 3 , C 2 , C 3 . What are Ak , B k and C k for a given k?

1 1 1
− 21
  
2 2 1 0 2
A = 1 1 ,B = , and C = AB = 1 .
2 2 0 −1 2 − 21
Linear Algebra
Instructor: Le Hai Yen
In-Class Assignment 2 October 6, 2023

Inverses of matrices
Recall:

1) Equivalent definitions: A is invertible if one the following equivalent conditions holds.

i) There exists B such that AB = BA = I;
ii) The equation Ax = 0 has unique solution 0.
2) Find the inverse of a matrix
ˆ Using elementary row transformations to bring [A|I] into [I|A−1 ]. (Gauss-Jordan.)

Question 5. Show that if A and B are invertible matrices then

1. AT is invertible and (AT )−1 = (A−1 )T

2. AB are invertible and (AB)−1 = B −1 A−1 .

Question 6. Use the Gauss-Jordan method to invert the following matrices then solve the equations Ax = b
for b = (−1, 2, 7).

1. 3. 5.
 √ √
 
1 0 0
 
1 1 1 2 3√ 2 0

A1 = 1 1 1 , A3 = 1 2 2 , √
A5 = −4 2 2 0 ,
0 0 1 1 2 3 0 0 1

2. 4. 6.
−2
    1 1

2 −1 0 0 0 1 5 5 5
A2 = −1 2 −1 , A4 = 0 1 1 , A6 = 1 1 1 
5 5 10
1 −4 1
0 −1 2 1 1 1 5 5 10
Linear Algebra
Instructor: Le Hai Yen
In-Class Assignment 2 October 6, 2023

Question 7. For which three numbers c is this matrix not invertible, and why not?
 
2 c c
A =  c c c
8 7 c

Question 8. Show that A2 = 0 is possible but AT A = 0 is not possible (unless A = zero matrix).