CLASS-XII/ CHEMISTRY

IMPORTANT QUESTIONS
Aldehydes, ketones and Carboxylic acid
1Mark questions-

Q1.Why does solubility decreases with increasing molecular mass in carboxylic acid?
Q2. Suggest a reason for the large difference in the boiling point of butanol and butanal although
they have same solubility in water.
Q3. Why does methanal not give aldol condensation while ethanol gives?
Q4. Why does methanal undergo cannizaro’s reaction?
Q5.Why formic acid is stronger acid than acetic acid?
Q6.Why do aldehydes have lower boiling point than corresponding alcohols?

2 Marks questions-
Q1.There is two-NH2 group in semicarbazide. However only one is involved in formation of
semicarbazones. Why?
Q2. Why are Aldehydes are more reactive than Ketones when undergo nucleophillic addition
reaction?
Q3. Why PCC cannot oxidize methanol to methanoic acid and while KMnO 4 can?
Q4. During preparation of esters from a carboxylic acid and an alcohol in the presence of acid
catalyst water or ester formed should be removed as soon as it is formed.
Q5. Why HCOOH does not give HVZ reaction while CH3COOH does?
Q6.Arrange the following carbonyl compounds in increasing order of their reactivity in
nucleophilic addition reactions. (i) Ethanal, Propanal, Propanone, Butanone
(ii) Benzalidehyde, p-Tolualdehyde, p-Nitrobenzaldehyde, Acetophenone.

3 Marks question-

Q1.Would you expect benzaldehyde to be more reactive or less reactive in nucleophillic addition
reaction than propanol. Explain.
Q2. Cyclohexanone forms cyanohydrins in good yield but 2,2,6 trimethyle cyclo-hexanone does
not. Why?
Q3. Give chemical tests to distinguish between:
(1) Benzaldehyde and Acetophenone (2) Propanone and propanal (3) Phenol and Benzoic acid
Q4. Illustrate the following name reactions: (1) Hell–Volhard–Zelinsky reaction (2) Wolff–Kishner
reduction reaction (3) Clemmensen reduction
Q5.Which acid of each pair shown here would you expect to be stronger
(1) CH3COOH or FCH2COOH
(2) FCH2COOH or ClCH2COOH
(3) FCH2CH2CH2COOH or CH3 CHF CH2COOH

5 Marks questions-

Q1. An organic compound (A) having MF C8H8O forms an orange red precipitate (ppt). (B) With
2,4-DNP. Compound (A) gives yellow ppt (‘C’). When heated in presence of I and NaOH along
2

with a colourless compound ‘D’. ‘A’ does not reduce Fehling’s solution and does not decolorize
Bromine water. On drastic oxidation of ‘A’ with chromic acid, a carboxylic acid ‘E’ with MF
C7H6O2 is formed. Deduce the structures of A to E. Also, write the reactions involved.

Q2. Give names of the reagents to bring about the following transformation.
(i) Hexan-1-ol to hexanal,
(ii) cyclohexanol to cyclohexanone
(iii) p-Fluorotoluene to p-fluorobenzaldehyde,
(iv) Ethanenitrile to ethanal,
(v) But-2-ene to ethane

Q3. An organic compound contains 69.77% carbon, 11.63% hydrogen and the rest is oxygen. The
molecular mass of the compound is 86. It does not reduce Tollens’ reagent but forms an addition
compound with sodium hydrogen sulphite and gives positive iodoform test. On vigorous oxidation
it gives ethanoic and propanoic acids. Deduce the possible structure of the organic compound.

Q4. Write structures of A, B, C and D in the following reaction sequence :

(b) Arrange the following compounds in the increasing order of their boiling points:
CH3CHO, CH3CH2OH, CH3OCH3, CH3COOH.

Q5. (a) Account for the following:

(i) Propanal is more reactive than propanone towards nucleophilic reagents.
(ii) Electrophilic substitution in benzoic acid takes place at meta position.
(iii) Carboxylic acids do not give characteristic reactions of carbonyl group.
(b) Give simple chemical test to distinguish between the following pairs of compounds:
(i) Acetophenone and benzaldehyde
(ii) Benzoic acid and ethylbenzoate.

Q6. Write the products of the following reactions:

(b) Write simple chemical tests to distinguish between the following pairs of compounds
(i) Propanal and propanone (ii) Benzaldehyde and Benzoic acid

Q7. (a) How will you convert:

(i) Benzene to acetophenone (ii) Propanone to 2-Methylpropan-2-ol
(iii) Benzoic acid to Benzaldehyde (iv) Acetophenone to Benzoic acid
(v) Ethanoic acid to 2-Hydroxyethanoic acid
(b) Write the reactions involved in the following:
(i) Etard reaction (ii) Stephen reduction

Q8. (a) Give reasons :

(i) CH3—CHO is more reactive than CH3COCH3 towards HCN.
(ii) 4-nitrobenzoic acid is more acidic than benzoic acid.
(b) Describe the following :
(i) Acetylation (ii) Cannizzaro reaction (iii) Cross aldol condensation

Q9. Write the product(s) in the following reactions:

(a)

(b)

(c) Give simple chemical tests to distinguish between the following pairs of compounds:
(i) Butanal and Butan-2-one (ii) Benzoic acid and Phenol

Q10. What is meant by the following terms? Give an example of the reaction in each case.
(i) Aldol (ii) Semicarbazone
(b) Complete the following:

(c) Complete the following equations: