Project Report

On
“Fire Alarm Circuit”

Submitted by :

1. YASHRAJ JAISWAR. H-03.

2. VARUN GAIKWAD. H-11.

3. ASMIT CHIKANE. H-09.

4. ATHARVA LAHANGE. H-10.

5. MAYANK PANCHAL. H-15.

Under the Guidance of

Prof. Gauree Arolkar.

Department of Mechanical Department

TERNA ENGINEERING COLLEGE
Plot no.12, Sec or 22, Opp. Nerul Railway station,
Phase-11, Nerul (w), Navi Mumbai 400706
UNIVERSITY OF MUMBAI
 TERNA ENGINEERING COLLEGE, NERUL
NAVI MUMBAI

Department of Mechanical Department

Academic Year 2020-21

CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that the mini project "Fire Alarm Circuit" is a bonafide
work of

1. YASHRAJ JAISWAR. H-03.

2. VARUN GAIKWAD. H-11.

3. ASMIT CHIKANE. H-09.

4. ATHARVA LAHANGE. H-10.

5. MAYANK PANCHAL. H-15.

Submitted to the University of Mumbai in partial fulfillment of the

requirement for the award of the Bachelor of Engineering.

Project Guide Head of Department Principal

 Project Report Approval

This Mini Project 1 B Report - entitled "Fire Alarm Circuit" by

following students.

Submitted By

1. YASHRAJ JAISWAR. H-03.

2. VARUN GAIKWAD. H-11.

3. ASMIT CHIKANE. H-09.

4. ATHARVA LAHANGE. H-10.

5. MAYANK PANCHAL. H-15.

Examiners Name & Signature:

Date : ________________________

Place : ________________________
 Declaration

We declare that this written submission represents our ideas in our own
words and where others' ideas or words have been included, we have
adequately cited and referenced the original sources. We also declare
that we have adhered to all principles of academic honesty and integrity
and have not misrepresented or fabricated or falsified any
idea/data/fact/source in our submission. We understand that any
violation of the above will be cause for disciplinary action by the
Institute and can also evoke penal action from the sources which have
thus not been properly cited or from whom proper permission has not
been taken when needed.

1. YASHRAJ JAISWAR. H-03.

2. VARUN GAIKWAD. H-11.

3. ASMIT CHIKANE. H-09.

4. ATHARVA LAHANGE. H-10.

5. MAYANK PANCHAL. H-15.

Date :_______________________

Place : ______________________
 PROJECT

PROJECT NAME

“Fire Alarm Circuit”

Index
1. Introduction.
2. Components Required.
3. Circuit Diagram.
4. Working Of The System.
5. Advantages.
6. Disadvantages.
7. Applications.
8. Conclusion.
9. References.
 INTRODUCTION

Fire Alarm Circuit is a simple circuit that detects the fire

and activates the Siren Sound or Buzzer.

Fire Alarm Circuits are very important devices to detect

fire in the right time and prevent any damage to people
or property.

Fire Alarm Circuits and Smoke Sensors are a part of the

security systems which help in detecting or preventing
damage.

Installing Fire Alarm Systems and Smoke Sensors in

commercial buildings like offices, movie theatres,
shopping malls and other public places is compulsory.

There are many expensive and sophisticated Fire Alarm

Circuit in the form of stand-alone devices, but we have
designed five very simple Fire Alarm Circuits using
common components like Thermistor, LM358.
Components Required :
 10 K Thermistor.
 LM358 Operational Amplifier (Op – Amp).
 4.7 KΩ Resistor .
 10 KΩ Potentiometer.
 Small Buzzer .
 LED.
 Connecting Wires.
 Mini Breadboard.
 Battery.

 10 K Thermistor.
This is an NTC (Negative Temperature Coefficient) type thermistor.
Hence as the temperature increases then the resistance of the
thermistor decreases and vice versa. It provides resistance of 10K ohm at
25° C. 10K Ohm NTC Thermistor can measure temperature in the range
of -55°C to 125°C.
 LM358 Operational Amplifier.

The LM358B and LM2904B devices are the next-generation

versions of the industry-standard operational amplifiers (op
amps) LM358 and LM2904, which include two high-voltage (36
V) op amps. LM358 IC is a good, standard operational amplifier
and it is suitable for your needs. It can handle 3-32V DC supply
& source up to 20mA per channel. This op-amp is apt, if you
want to operate two separate op-amps for a single power
supply. It's available in an 8-pin DIP package.

 Resistor.

A resistor is an electrical component that limits or regulates the

flow of electrical current in an electronic circuit. Resistors can
also be used to provide a specific voltage for an active device
such as a transistor.
 Potentiometer.
A potentiometer is a three-terminal resistor with a sliding or
rotating contact that forms an adjustable voltage divider. If only
two terminals are used, one end and the wiper, it acts as a
variable resistor or rheostat.

 Buzzer .
The buzzer is a sounding device that can convert audio signals
into sound signals. It is usually powered by DC voltage. It is
widely used in alarms, computers, printers and other electronic
products as sound devices.
 LED.
A Light Emitting Diode (LED) is a semiconductor device, which
can emit light when an electric current passes through it. To do
this, holes from p-type semiconductors recombine with
electrons from n-type semiconductors to produce light.

 Connecting Wires.
Connecting wires allows an electrical current to travel from one
point on a circuit to another because electricity needs a
medium through which it can move.
 Battery.

A battery is a device that converts chemical energy contained

within its active materials directly into electric energy by means
of an electrochemical oxidation-reduction (redox) reaction.

 Breadboard.
A breadboard (sometimes called a plugblock) is used for
building temporary circuits. It is useful to designers because it
allows components to be removed and replaced easily. It is
useful to the person who wants to build a circuit to
demonstrate its action, then to reuse the components in
another circuit.
Circuit Diagram :

( Fire Alarm Circuit )

Circuit Design

 The design of the Fire Alarm Circuit with Siren Sound is very
simple. First, connect the 10 KΩ Potentiometer to the
inverting terminal of the LM358 Op – Amp. One end of the
POT is connected to +5V, other end is connected to GND
and the wiper terminal is connected to Pin 2 of Op – Amp.

 We will now make a potential divider using 10 K Thermistor

and 10 KΩ Resistor. The output of this potential divider i.e.
the junction point is connected to the non – inverting input
of the LM358 Operational Amplifier.

 We have chosen a small, 5V buzzer in this project to make

the alarm or siren sound. So, connect the output of the
LM358 Op – amp to the 5V Buzzer directly.

 Pins 8 and 4 of the LM358 IC i.e. V+ and GND are connected

to +5V and GND respectively.
Working of the Simple Fire Alarm Circuit

 We will now see the working of the simple Fire Alarm Circuit.
First thing to know is that the main component in detecting
the fire is the 10 K Thermistor.

 As we mentioned in the component description, the 10 K

Thermistor used here is a NTC type Thermistor. If the
temperature increases, the resistance of the Thermistor
decreases.
 In case of fire, the temperature increases. This increase in
temperature will reduce the resistance of the 10 K
Thermistor. As the resistance decreases, the output of the
voltage divider will increase.
 Since the output of the voltage divider is given to the non –
inverting input of the LM358 Op – Amp, its value will
become more than that of the inverting input. As a result,
the output of the Op – Amp becomes high and it activates
the buzzer.
Advantages :
 The main advantage and function of a fire alarm system is to
ensure ultimate safety.
 They help warn and keep people safe and reduce the
amount of destruction to a building.
 This is probably the major reason as to why a business will
install a fire detection system.

Disadvantages.
 Very sensitive, which can lead to false alarms as a product of
cooking.
 Not as responsive to smoldering fires - they are minutes
slower than photoelectric sensors in detecting smoke
particles from smoldering fires.
 Use of radioactive material is a concern.

Applications.
 Fire Alarm Circuits are very useful in homes, offices, schools,
labs, etc. to detect and prevent any disasters due to fire.

 Fire Alarm Systems can work as a stand – alone devices or

be a part of a complex home security system with other
security features like smoke detection, intruder alert,
motion detection, etc.
Conclusion
 Having a fire detection system can significantly reduce
damages and maximize fire control efforts. It is also one of
the most fundamental steps you can take for fire safety
measures. Even if you are sleeping or busy working, early
fire detection will warn you and help you respond quickly so
you'll be out of danger.

 A home fire alarm system gives the homeowner protection

24 hours a day, every day of the week. Your home will be
monitored when you are away and at night when you are
sleeping. You and your family can feel secure knowing this
monitoring never stops.

THANKS FOR YOUR LISTENING !!

References.
 https://www.elprocus.com/fire-alarm-circuit-using-
thermistor/

 https://www.circuitstoday.com/fire-alarm-circuit

 https://appuals.com/how-to-make-a-simple-fire-alarm-
circuit/

 https://theorycircuit.com/fire-alarm-circuit/

Made And Presented By :

1. YASHRAJ JAISWAR. H-03.
2. VARUN GAIKWAD. H-11.
3. ASMIT CHIKANE. H-09.
4. ATHARVA LAHANGE. H-10.
5. MAYANK PANCHAL. H-15.