CE 171: TECHNICAL COMPETENCY ENHANCEMENT PROGRAM 1

REVIEW OF SURVEYING
PART I

DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING MICHAEL STEPHEN V. MERCADO, CE, SO2

CE 171: TECHNICAL COMPETENCY ENHANCEMENT PROGRAM 1

SURVEYING PART I THREE – HILL PROBLEMS

HORIZONTAL MEASUREMENTS Situation 2: Two hills A and C have elevations of 600 m and
Correction Due to Temperature 800 m, respectively. In between A and C is another hill B
𝑪𝑻 = 𝜶𝑳(𝑻𝟐 − 𝑻𝟏 ) which has an elevation of 720 m and is located 12 km from A
Where, L = measured length and 10 km from C.
α = coefficient of thermal expansion
T2 = actual temperature 6. Find the height to be reduced so that station C
T1 = standard temperature will be visible from A.
For steel tape: α = 11.6 x 10-6 /˚C a. 18.95 m c. 16.75 m
Correction Due to Pull b. 17.45 m d. 15.25 m
(𝑷𝟐 − 𝑷𝟏 )𝑳 7. What height of tower must be constructed at C
𝑪𝑷 =
𝑨𝑬 so that it could be visible from A with the line of
Where, P2 = actual pull
P1 = standard pull sight having a clearance of 2 m above hill B?
L = uncorrected length a. 63.23 m c. 47.62 m
A = tape area b. 54.36 m d. 38.41 m
E = modulus of elasticity 8. What height of equal towers A and C could be
For steel tape: E = 2.0 x 106 up to 2.1 x 106 kg/cm2 constructed so that A, B, and C will be
Correction Due to Sag
intervisible with 2 m clearance at B?
−𝒘𝟐 𝑳𝟑 a. 43.38 m c. 20.95 m
𝑪𝑺 =
𝟐𝟒𝑷𝟐
b. 31.05 m d. 16.74 m
Where, w = unit weight of tape (kg/m or N/m)
L = span length BUBBLE TUBE SENSITIVITY
P = actual pull (kg or N)
Situation 3: With a dumpy level, a rod reading of 2.50
Situation 1: A 50-m steel tape is of standard length under a m was observed to a leveling rod which is 100 m away.
pull of 5.50 kg and a temperature of 20˚C when supported When the bubble was leveled through 5 spaces to the
throughout its entire length. The tape weighs 0.05 kg/m, has a right on a level tube, the reading was changed to 2.58 m.
cross-sectional atrea of 0.04 cm2 and a modulus of elasticity of
2 x 106 kg/cm2. The tape was used in the field to measure a 9. What is the sensitivity of the level tube?
distance that was determined to be 458.650 m. At the time of a. 33’’ c. 35’’
the measurement, the constant pull applied was 8 kg with the b. 34’’ d. 36’’
tape supported only at endpoints. During the measurement, the 10. Find the radius of curvature of the level tube if
temperature observed was at an average of 18˚C. α = 11.6 x each division on the level tube is 0.60 mm.
106 /˚C. a. 6.75 m c. 4.75 m
1. Determine the correction due to tension. b. 5. 75 m d. 3.75 m
a. 0.0233 m c. 0.0143 m 11. If the bubble tube is leveled to the left by 3
b. 0.0532 m d. 0.0322 m
spaces, what is the reading?
2. Determine the correction due to temperature.
a. 0.0134 m c. 0.0056 m
a. 2.253 m c. 2.642 m
b. 0.0432 m d. 0.0106 m b. 2.452 m d. 2.517 m
3. Determine the correction due to sag.
TWO – PEG TEST
a. 1.8321 m c. 1.9212 m
b. 1.5424 m d. 1.6748 m 12. In a two – peg test of a dumpy level, the
4. Find the correct length of the line. following observations were taken:
a. 455.4434 m c. 454.2834 m Instrument Rod Reading Rod Reading
b. 456.8216 m d. 457.5471 m
Location at A at B
CORRECTION OF VERTICAL DISTANCE BY A 1.506 2.024
COMBINED EFFECTS OF CURVATURE AND B 0.938 1.449
REFRACTION a. 0.5415 m c. 0.5451 m
b. 0.5145 m d. 0.5154 m
𝒉𝒄𝒓 = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟔𝟕𝟓𝒌𝟐 from RE = 6350 km

𝒉𝒄𝒓 = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟔𝟕𝒌𝟐 from RE = 6400 km

hcr = correction (m)

k = horizontal distance (km)

5. Point A is between B and C. The distance of points B

and C from A are 1000 and 2000 m, respectively.
Measured from point A, the angle of elevation of
point B is 18˚30’ while that of C is 8˚15’. Compute
the difference in elevation of B and C considering the
effects of Earth’s curvature and refraction.
a. 54.36 m c. 18.23 m
b. 44. 64 m d. 44.41 m

DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING MICHAEL STEPHEN V. MERCADO, CE, SO2