The Wiley Encyclopedia of Health Psychology - 2020 - Sweeny - Front Matter

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The Wiley Encyclopedia
of Health Psychology
10.1002/9781119057840.fmatter1, Downloaded from https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/9781119057840.fmatter1 by Ministry Of Health, Wiley Online Library on [16/03/2023]. See the Terms and Conditions (https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/terms-and-conditions) on Wiley Online Library for rules of use; OA articles are governed by the applicable Creative Commons License
The Wiley Encyclopedia
Biological Bases of Health Behavior

of Health Psychology
Lauren E. Salminen
Robert H. Paul
Lee M. Cohen
Editor‐in‐Chief
Jodi Heaps
Co edited by
Volume 1
Edited by
This edition first published 2021
© 2021 John Wiley & Sons Ltd
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Library of Congress Cataloging‐in‐Publication Data
Names: Paul, Robert D., editor.
Title: The Wiley encyclopedia of health psychology / edited by Robert Paul,
St. Louis MO, USA ; editor-in-chief, Lee Cohen, The University of
Mississippi, MS, USA.
Description: First edition. | Hoboken : Wiley-Blackwell, 2021. | Includes
index. | Contents: volume. 1. Biological bases of health behavior.
Identifiers: LCCN 2020005459 (print) | LCCN 2020005460 (ebook) | ISBN
9781119057833 (v. 1 ; cloth) | ISBN 9781119057833 (v. 2 ; cloth) | ISBN
9781119057833 (v. 3 ; cloth) | ISBN 9781119057833 (v. 4 ; cloth) | ISBN
9781119675785 (adobe pdf) | ISBN 9781119675761 (epub)
Subjects: LCSH: Clinical health psychology–Encyclopedias.
Classification: LCC R726.7 .W554 2021 (print) | LCC R726.7 (ebook) | DDC
616.001/903–dc23
LC record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2020005459
LC ebook record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2020005460
Cover image and design: Wiley
Set in 10/12.5pt ITC Galliard by SPi Global, Pondicherry, India
10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
Contents
List of Contributors ix
Foreword xxvii
Preface Volume 1: Biological Bases of Health xxix
Preface Volume 1: Biological Basis of Behavior xxxi
Editor‐in‐Chief Acknowledgments xxxiii
Brain Development from Conception to Adulthood 1

Jodi M. Heaps‐Woodruff and David Von Nordheim
Functional Anatomy: Types of Cells/Physiology 5

Patrick W. Wright
Functional Neuroanatomy: Cortical–Subcortical Distinctions and Pathways 13

David Von Nordheim and Jodi M. Heaps‐Woodruff
Neurobiology of Stress–Health Relationships 21

R.L. Spencer, L.E. Chun, M.J. Hartsock, and E.R. Woodruff
Stress, Neurogenesis, and Mood: An Introduction to the

Neurogenic Hypothesis of Depression 37
Jacob Huffman and George T. Taylor
An Overview of Neuropsychiatric Symptoms and Pathogenesis in MS 43

Emily Evans, Elizabeth Silbermann, and Soe Mar
Psychoneuroimmunology: Immune Markers of Psychopathology 49

Rachel A. Wamser‐Nanney and Brittany F. Goodman
vi Contents
Genetic Polymorphisms 59
Mikhail Votinov and Katharina Sophia Goerlich
Epigenetics in Developmental Disorders 75

Tiffany S. Doherty and Tania L. Roth
Epigenetics in Behavior and Mental Health 83

Tiffany S. Doherty and Tania L. Roth
Diffusion MRI: Introduction 91

Naiara Demnitz and Claire E. Sexton
Structural Neuroimaging of Hippocampal Subfields in Healthy Aging,

Alzheimer’s Disease, Schizophrenia, and Major Depressive Disorder 99
Lok‐Kin Yeung and Adam M. Brickman
DTI Tractography Metrics: Fiber Bundle Length 109

Stephen Correia
The Use of Diffusional Kurtosis Imaging (DKI) to

Define Pathological Processes in Stroke and Dementia 117
Rachael L. Deardorff, Jens H. Jensen, and Joseph A. Helpern
Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging: fMRI 125

Tricia Z. King
Resting‐State Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging and

Neuropsychiatric Conditions 131
Carissa L. Philippi, Tasheia Floyd, and Gregory Dahl
The Event‐Related Potential (ERP) Method and Applications in Clinical Research 141
Amanda C. Eaton, Rebecca A. Meza, Kirk Ballew, and Suzanne E. Welcome
Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy (MRS) in Psychiatric Diseases 149

Alexander P. Lin, Sai Merugumala, Huijun Liao, and Napapon Sailasuta
Artificial Intelligence in Medicine: Can Computers Aid the

Diagnosis of Alzheimer’s Disease? 163
Christian Salvatore, Petronilla Battista, and Isabella Castiglioni
Therapeutic Effects of Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (rTMS) in

Stroke: Moving Toward an Individualized Approach 169
Jason L. Neva, Kathryn S. Hayward, and Lara A. Boyd
Connectomics and Multimodal Imaging Techniques in Clinical Research 181

Olusola Ajilore and Alex Leow
Asperger Syndrome 187

Laurent Mottron
Contents vii
Neurobiology of Down Syndrome 197

Stella Sakhon and Jamie Edgin
Vascular Dementia 205

Paola García‐Egan, Jenna Haddock, and Robert H. Paul
Neurodegenerative Conditions: FTD 209

Abigail O. Kramer, Andrea G. Alioto, and Joel H. Kramer
Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI) 219

Matthew R. Powell and Michael McCrea
Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy: A Long‐Term Consequence of

Repetitive Head Impacts 227
Michael L. Alosco, Alyssa Phelps, and Robert A. Stern
Neuropsychological Assessment of Cortical and Subcortical

Cognitive Phenotypes 237
Robert H. Paul, Carissa L. Philippi, and Gregory Dahl
Mild Traumatic Brain Injury and Posttraumatic Stress Disorder:

Diagnostic and Neurobiological Signatures of Comorbidity 243
Jacob Bolzenius
Caloric Restriction, Cognitive Function, and Brain Health 253

Patrick J. Smith
Psychosocial: Substance Abuse—Street Drugs 261

J. Megan Ross, Jacqueline C. Duperrouzel, Ileana Pacheco‐Colón, and
Raul Gonzalez
The Effects of Prenatal Stress on Offspring Development 275

Megan R. Gunnar and Colleen Doyle
Psychophysiology of Traumatic Stress and Posttraumatic Stress Disorder 287

Michael G. Griffin, Brittany F. Goodman, Rebecca E. Chesher, and
Natalia M. Kecala
Cognitive Reserve 293

Sarah A. Cooley
APOE as a Risk Factor for Age‐Related Cognitive Impairment:

Neuropsychological and Neuroimaging Findings 299
Laura E. Korthauer and Ira Driscoll
The Serotonin Transporter‐Linked Polymorphic Region (5‐HTTLPR)

Polymorphism, Stress, and Depression 311
Christina Di Iorio, Kimberly Johnson, Daniel Sheinbein, Samantha Kahn,
Patrick England, and Ryan Bogdan
viii Contents
The Neuroscience of Well‐Being: Part 1 (Conceptual Definitions) 325

Justine Megan Gatt
Gene × Environment Interactions: BDNF 331

Lauren E. Salminen and Robert H. Paul
The Insula in Women with Posttraumatic Stress Disorder 341

Steven E. Bruce, Katherine R. Buchholz, and Wilson J. Brown
Language and Literacy Development 353

Laura O’Hara, Rebecca A. Meza, and Amanda C. Eaton
The Neuroscience of Well‐Being: Part 2 (Potential Neural Networks) 361

Justine Megan Gatt
Early Life Stress 373

Madeline B. Harms and Seth D. Pollak
Alcohol‐Related Brain Disorders 395

Rebecca N. Preston‐Campbell, Stephanie A. Peak, Paola García‐Egan, and
Robert H. Paul
Index 403
List of Contributors
Amanda M. Acevedo, Department of Psychological Science, University of California Irvine,

Irvine, CA, USA
Zeba Ahmad, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
Leona S. Aiken, Department of Psychology, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
Olusola Ajilore, Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at
Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
Damla E. Aksen, Department of Psychology, Binghamton University, Binghamton, NY, USA
Kristi Alexander, Department of Psychology, University of Central Florida, Orlando,
FL, USA
Andrea G. Alioto, Palo Alto University, Palo Alto, CA, USA
Department of Neurology, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
Michael L. Alosco, Boston University Alzheimer’s Disease Center and Boston University
CTE Center, Department of Neurology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston,
MA, USA
Christina M. Amaro, Clinical Child Psychology Program, University of Kansas, Lawrence,
KS, USA
Judith Andersen, Department of Psychology, University of Toronto, Mississauga, ON,
Canada
Aviva H. Ariel, Department of Clinical and Health Psychology, College of Public Health and
Health Professions, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
Danielle Arigo, Psychology Department, The University of Scranton, Scranton, PA, USA
Jamie Arndt, Psychology Department, University of Missouri System, Columbia, MO, USA
Robert C. Arnold, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center,
Pittsburgh, PA, USA
Melissa V. Auerbach, Department of Psychology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook,
NY, USA
Lisa Auster‐Gussman, Department of Psychology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis,
MN, USA
Aya Avishai, Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of North Carolina at
Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
Hoda Badr, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
David E. Balk, Department of Health and Nutrition Sciences, Brooklyn College of the City
University of New York, Brooklyn, NY, USA
x List of Contributors
Kirk Ballew, Department of Communication, Fontbonne University, St. Louis, MO, USA
Department of Communication, University of Missouri at Saint Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
Department of Communication, University of Illinois at Urbana‐Champaign College of
Liberal Arts and Sciences, Urbana, IL, USA
Diletta Barbiani, Department of Neuroscience, University of Turin Medical School, Turin,
Italy
Hypoxia Medicine, Plateau Rosà, Switzerland
Jeffrey E. Barnett, College of Arts and Sciences, Loyola University Maryland, Baltimore,
MD, USA
Petronilla Battista, Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri IRCCS, Pavia, Institute of Bari, Italy
Brittney Becker, Psychology Department, Texas A&M University System, College Station,
TX, USA
Alexandra A. Belzer, Colby College, Waterville, ME, USA
Fabrizio Benedetti, Department of Neuroscience, University of Turin Medical School,
Turin, Italy
Hypoxia Medicine, Plateau Rosà, Switzerland
Danielle S. Berke, Massachusetts Veterans Epidemiology Research and Information Center
(MAVERIC), VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA, USA
Mamta Bhatnagar, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center,
Pittsburgh, PA, USA
Kelly Biegler, Department of Psychological Science, University of California, Irvine, CA,
USA
Susan J. Blalock, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill,
Chapel Hill, NC, USA
Brittany E. Blanchard, Department of Psychological Sciences, Texas Tech University,
Lubbock, TX, USA
Jennifer B. Blossom, Clinical Child Psychology Program, University of Kansas, Lawrence,
KS, USA
Ryan Bogdan, BRAIN Lab, Psychological and Brain Sciences, Washington University in
St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
Jacob Bolzenius, Missouri Institute of Mental Health, University of Missouri‐St. Louis,
St. Louis, MO, USA
Bruce Bongar, Department of Clinical Psychology, Palo Alto University, Palo Alto, CA, USA
Dianna Boone, Clinical Psychology Program, Department of Psychological Sciences, Texas
Tech University, Lubbock, TX, USA
Jerica X. Bornstein, Department of Human Development and Family Sciences, University of
Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
Joaquín Borrego Jr., Department of Psychological Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock,
TX, USA
Kyle J. Bourassa, Department of Psychology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
Lara A. Boyd, Department of Physical Therapy, University of British Columbia, Vancouver,
BC, Canada
Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver,
BC, Canada
Patrick Boyd, Department of Psychology, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
Adam M. Brickman, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
Athena Brindle, Department of Psychology, College of Science, The University of Texas at
Arlington, Arlington, TX, USA
List of Contributors xi
Jennifer L. Brown, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, University of

Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
Kathleen S. Brown, Private Practice, Fort Myers, FL, USA
Wilson J. Brown, Pennsylvania State University, The Behrend College, Erie, PA, USA
Steven E. Bruce, Center for Trauma Recovery, University of Missouri‐St. Louis, St. Louis,
MO, USA
Angela D. Bryan, Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of Colorado
Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA
Katherine R. Buchholz, VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA, USA
National Center for Post Traumatic Stress Disorder, White River Junction, VT, USA
Claire Burgess, VA Boston Healthcare System, West Roxbury, MA, USA
Department of Psychiatry, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
Edith Burns, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
Rachel J. Burns, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, McGill University, Montreal,
QC, Canada
Johannes B.J. Bussmann, Erasmus MC University Medical Center Rotterdam, CA Rotterdam,
South Holland, The Netherlands
Fawn C. Caplandies, Department of Psychology, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, USA
Angela L. Carey, Psychology Department, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
Brandon L. Carlisle, Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
Delesha M. Carpenter, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at
Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
Allison J. Carroll, Department of Preventive Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg
School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
Charles S. Carver, Department of Psychology, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL, USA
Center for Advanced Study in the Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
Isabella Castiglioni, Dipartimento di Fisica “G. Occhialini”, Università degli Studi di Milano‐
Bicocca – Piazza della Scienza, Milan, Italy
Gretchen B. Chapman, Department of Psychology, Rutgers University–New Brunswick,
New Brunswick, NJ, USA
Alyssa C.D. Cheadle, Psychology Department, Hope College, Holland, MI, USA
Rebecca E. Chesher, Department of Psychological Sciences, Center for Trauma Recovery,
University of Missouri‐St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
William J. Chopik, Psychology Department, Michigan State University, East Lansing,
MI, USA
Nicholas J.S. Christenfeld, Department of Psychology, University of California San Diego,
La Jolla, CA, USA
L.E. Chun, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA
Briana Cobos, Department of Psychology,Texas State University, San Marcos, TX, USA
Alex S. Cohen, Department of Psychology, Louisiana State University College of Science,
Baton Rouge, LA, USA
Jenna Herold Cohen, Department of Psychology, Rutgers, The State University of New
Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
Lee M. Cohen, Department of Psychology, College of Liberal Arts, The University of
Mississippi, Oxford, MS, USA
Catherine Cook‐Cottone, Department of Psychology, University at Buffalo, The State
University of New York, Buffalo, NY, USA
xii List of Contributors
Sarah A. Cooley, Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Washington University in

Saint Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
Stephen Correia, Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Alpert Medical School,
Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
Patrick Corrigan, Department of Psychology, Illinois Institute of Technology College of
Science, Chicago, IL, USA
Juliann Cortese, School of Information, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, USA
Riley Cropper, Stanford University Counseling and Psychological Services, Stanford Hospital
and Clinics, Stanford, CA, USA
Robert T. Croyle, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
Tegan Cruwys, Faculty of Health and Behavioural Sciences, School of Psychology, University
of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD, Australia
Sasha Cukier, Department of Preventive Medicine, Northwestern University, Evanston,
IL, USA
Gregory Dahl, Department of Psychological Sciences, University of Missouri–St. Louis,
St. Louis, MO, USA
Beth D. Darnall, Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative, and Pain Medicine, Stanford
University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
Savannah Davidson, Clinical Psychology Program, Department of Psychological Sciences,
Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, USA
Elizabeth L. Davis, Department of Psychology, University of California, Riverside, CA,USA
Rachael L. Deardorff, Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology and
Radiological Science, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
Janet Deatrick, Department of Family & Community Health, University of Pennsylvania
School of Nursing, Philadelphia, PA, USA
Lauren Decaporale‐Ryan, Departments of Psychiatry, Medicine, & Surgery, University of
Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
Jordan Degelia, Clinical Psychology Program, Department of Psychological Sciences, Texas
Anita Delongis, Department of Psychology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC,
Canada
Naiara Demnitz, Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
Eliot Dennard, Department of Psychological Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock,
TX, USA
Kristine M. Diaz, Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, Bethesda, MD, USA
Sally S. Dickerson, Department of Psychology, Pace University, New York, NY, USA
M. Robin DiMatteo, Department of Psychology, University of California Riverside, Riverside,
CA, USA
Sona Dimidjian, Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of Colorado
Genevieve A. Dingle, Faculty of Health and Behavioural Sciences, School of Psychology,
University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD, Australia
Laura J. Dixon, Department of Psychology, University of Mississippi, Oxford, MS, USA
Michelle R. Dixon, Department of Psychology, Rutgers University Camden, Camden, NJ, USA
Tiffany S. Doherty, Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of Delaware,
Newark, DE, USA
Michael D. Dooley, Department of Psychology, University of California, Riverside, Riverside,
CA, USA
List of Contributors xiii
Tessa L. Dover, Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of California

Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, USA
Colleen Doyle, Institute of Child Development, College of Education and Human
Development, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
Ira Driscoll, Department of Psychology, University of Wisconsin‐Milwaukee, Milwaukee,
WI, USA
Claudia Drossel, Department of Psychology, Eastern Michigan University College of Arts
and Sciences, Ypsilanti, MI, USA
Sean P.A. Drummond, Monash Institute of Cognitive and Clinical Neurosciences, School of
Psychological Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
Christine Dunkel Schetter, Department of Psychology, University of California, Los Angeles,
CA, USA
William L. Dunlop, Psychology Department, University of California, Riverside, Riverside,
CA, USA
Jacqueline C. Duperrouzel, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA
Allison Earl, Department of Psychology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
Amanda C. Eaton, Department of Communication, Fontbonne University, St. Louis,
MO, USA
Ulrich W. Ebner‐Priemer, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe, Germany
Robin S. Edelstein, Psychology Department, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
Jamie Edgin, Department of Psychology, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
Bradley A. Edwards, Monash Institute of Cognitive and Clinical Neurosciences, School of
Sleep and Circadian Medicine Laboratory, Department of Physiology, School of Biomedical
Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
Naomi I. Eisenberger, Psychology Department, University of California Los Angeles, Los
Angeles, CA, USA
Amber S. Emanuel, Psychology Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
Patrick England, BRAIN Lab, Psychological and Brain Sciences, Washington University in
Ipek Ensari, Center for Behavioral Cardiovascular Health, Columbia University Medical
Center, New York, NY, USA
Emily Evans, Neurology Resident, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO,
USA
James Evans, Department of Psychology, Binghamton University, Binghamton, NY, USA
Anne M. Fairlie, Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle,
WA, USA
Angelica Falkenstein, Department of Psychology, University of California, Riverside,
Riverside, CA, USA
Zachary Fetterman, Psychology Department, University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL, USA
Christopher Fink, Durham Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
Alexandra N. Fisher, Psychology Department, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada
Tabitha Fleming, Department of Psychological Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock,
TX, USA
Tasheia Floyd, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
xiv List of Contributors
Lauren A. Fowler, Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, The George Washington
University, Washington, DC, USA
Elinor Flynn, Department of Psychological Science, University of California Irvine, Irvine,
CA, USA
Heather Walton Flynn, VA Boston Healthcare System, West Roxbury, MA, USA
Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
Elizabeth S. Focella, Department of Psychology, University of Wisconsin Oshkosh, Oshkosh,
WI, USA
Amy Frers, Department of Psychology and University Health Sciences Center, University of
Colorado Denver, Denver, CO, USA
Howard S. Friedman, Psychology Department, University of California Riverside, Riverside,
CA, USA
Paul T. Fuglestad, Department of Psychology, University of North Florida, Jacksonville,
FL, USA
Kentaro Fujita, Department of Psychology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
Kristel M. Gallagher, Thiel College, Greenville, PA, USA
Andrea M. Garcia, Clinical Child Psychology Program, University of Kansas, Lawrence,
KS, USA
Paola García‐Egan, Department of Psychological Sciences, University of Missouri‐St. Louis,
St. Louis, MO, USA
Robert García, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles,
CA, USA
Casey K. Gardiner, Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of Colorado
Robert J. Gatchel, Endowment Professor of Clinical Health Psychology Research, Department
of Psychology, College of Science, The University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington,
TX, USA
Justine Megan Gatt, Neuroscience Research Australia, Sydney, NSW, Australia
School of Psychology, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
Nicole K. Gause, Department of Psychology, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA
Ashwin Gautam, Department of Psychology, Binghamton University, Binghamton, NY, USA
Fiona Ge, Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of Massachusetts
Amherst, Amherst, MA, USA
Andrew L. Geers, Department of Psychology, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, USA
Margaux C. Genoff, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Memorial Sloan
Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
James I. Gerhart, Department of Psychosocial Oncology, Cancer Integrative Medicine
Program, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
Meg Gerrard, Department of Psychological Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs,
CT, USA
Frederick X. Gibbons, Department of Psychological Sciences, University of Connecticut,
Storrs, CT, USA
Arielle S. Gillman, Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of Colorado
Marci E.J. Gleason, Department of Human Development and Family Sciences, University of
Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
Teresa Gobble, Department of Psychological Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock,
TX, USA
List of Contributors xv
Department of Educational Psychology, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA

Katharina Sophia Goerlich, Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics,
RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
Jamie L. Goldenberg, Department of Psychology, University of South Florida, Tampa,
FL, USA
Cesar A. Gonzalez, Mayo Clinic Minnesota, Rochester, MN, USA
Raul Gonzalez, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA
Brittany F. Goodman, Department of Psychological Sciences, Center for Trauma Recovery,
University of Missouri‐St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
Janna R. Gordon, San Diego State University and SDSU/UC San Diego Joint Doctoral
Program in Clinical Psychology, San Diego, CA, USA
Edward C. Green, Department of Anthropology, The George Washington University,
Washington, DC, USA
Joseph P. Green, Department of Psychology, Ohio State University at Lima, Lima, OH,
USA
Michael G. Griffin, Department of Psychological Sciences and Center for Trauma Recovery,
University of Missouri–St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
Steven Grindel, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
Kristina Gryboski, Project Hope, Millwood, VA, USA
Suzy Bird Gulliver, Baylor and Scott and White Hospitals and Clinics, Waco, TX, USA
School of Public Health, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
Megan R. Gunnar, Institute of Child Development, College of Education and Human
Development, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
Jenna Haddock, Department of Psychological Sciences, University of Missouri‐St. Louis,
St. Louis, MO, USA
Martin S. Hagger, Health Psychology and Behavioral Medicine Research Group, School of
Psychology and Speech Pathology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University, Perth,
WA, Australia
Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
School of Applied Psychology and Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Behavioural Bases
for Health, Griffith University, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
Centre for Physical Activity Studies, School of Human, Health and Social Sciences, Central
Queensland University, Rockhampton, QLD, Australia
Jada G. Hamilton, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Memorial Sloan
Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
Paul K.J. Han, Center for Outcomes Research and Evaluation, Maine Medical Center
Research Institute, Portland, ME, USA
Grace E. Hanley, Psychology Department, University of California, Riverside, Riverside,
CA, USA
Madeline B. Harms, Department of Psychology, University of Wisconsin‐Madison, Madison,
WI, USA
Adam Harris, Department of Psychology and University Health Sciences Center, University
of Colorado Denver, Denver, CO, USA
Lauren N. Harris, VA Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, CA, USA
Peter R. Harris, School of Psychology, University of Sussex, Brighton & Hove, UK
Philine S. Harris, School of Psychology, University of Sussex, Brighton & Hove, UK
William Hart, Psychology Department, University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL, USA
M.J. Hartsock, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA
xvi List of Contributors
Kelly B. Haskard‐Zolnierek, Department of Psychology, Texas State University, San Marcos,

TX, USA
S. Alexandar Haslam, Faculty of Health and Behavioural Sciences, School of Psychology,
Catherine Haslam, Faculty of Health and Behavioural Sciences, School of Psychology,
Karen Hasselmo, Department of Psychology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
Kathryn S. Hayward, Department of Physical Therapy, University of British Columbia,
Vancouver, BC, Canada
Stroke Division, Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne,
Melbourne, VIC, Australia
NHMRC Centre for Research Excellence in Stroke Rehabilitation and Recovery, Parkville,
VIC, Australia
Jodi M. Heaps‐Woodruff, University of Missouri–St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
Missouri Institute of Mental Health, St. Louis, MO, USA
Dietlinde Heilmayr, Psychology Department, Moravian College, Bethlehem, PA, USA
Vicki S. Helgeson, Department of Psychology, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh,
PA, USA
Joseph A. Helpern, Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Neuroscience,
Department of Neurology, and Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Medical
University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
Garrett Hisler, Department of Psychology, Iowa State University, Armes, IA, USA
Molly B. Hodgkins, Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of Maine,
Orono, ME, USA
Michael Hoerger, Department of Psychology, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, USA
Jeanne S. Hoffman, US Department of the Army, Washington, DC, USA
Stephanie A. Hooker, Psychology Department,University of Colorado at Denver – Anschutz
Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
Vera Hoorens, Center for Social and Cultural Psychology, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven,
Leuven, Belgium
Arpine Hovasapian, Department of Psychological Science, University of California Irvine,
Irvine, CA, USA
Jennifer L. Howell, Psychology Department, Ohio University, Athens, OH, USA
Robert M. Huff, Department of Health Sciences, California State University, Northridge,
Morgan Hill, CA, USA
Jacob Huffman, Behavioral Neuroscience Program, Department of Psychological Sciences,
Department of Psychiatry, Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis,
MO, USA
Lauren J. Human, Department of Psychology, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
Jeffrey M. Hunger, Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of California
Tanya Hunt, Department of Clinical Psychology, Palo Alto University, Palo Alto,
California, USA
Steven Hyde, Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, The George Washington
Christina Di Iorio, BRAIN Lab, Psychological and Brain Sciences, Washington University in
List of Contributors xvii
Jamie M. Jacobs, Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital/Harvard

Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
Lauren James, Department of Psychology, University of North Florida, Jacksonville, FL, USA
Rebekah Jazdzewki, Department of Clinical Psychology, Palo Alto University, Palo Alto,
CA, USA
Brooke N. Jenkins, Department of Psychological Science, University of California Irvine,
Irvine, CA, USA
Jens H. Jensen, Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Neuroscience, and
Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Medical University of South Carolina,
Charleston, SC, USA
Donna C. Jessop, School of Psychology, University of Sussex, Brighton & Hove, UK
Jolanda Jetten, Faculty of Health and Behavioural Sciences, School of Psychology, University
of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD, Australia
Kimberly Johnson, BRAIN Lab, Psychological and Brain Sciences, Washington University in
Doerte U. Junghaenel, USC Dornsife Center for Self‐Report Science, University of Southern
California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
Vanessa Juth, The Department of Biobehavioral Health, The Pennsylvania State University,
University Park, PA, USA
Samantha Kahn, BRAIN Lab, Psychological and Brain Sciences, Washington University in
David A. Kalkstein, Department of Psychology, New York University, New York, NY, USA
Alexander Karan, Department of Psychology, University of California, Riverside, CA, USA
Natalia M. Kecala, Department of Psychological Sciences, Center for Trauma Recovery,
Robert G. Kent de Grey, Department of Psychology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City,
UT, USA
Margaret L. Kern, Center for Positive Psychology, Graduate School of Education, University
of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
Nathan A. Kimbrel, Department of Veterans Affairs’ VISN 6 Mid‐Atlantic MIRECC,
Durham, NC, USA
Durham Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
Tricia Z. King, The Neuroscience Institute, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, USA
Nancy Kishino, West Coast Spine Restoration, Riverside, CA, USA
Ekaterina Klyachko, Department of Preventive Medicine, Northwestern University,
Evanston, IL, USA
Brian Konecky, Boise VAMC Virtual Integrated Multisite Patient Aligned Care Team Hub,
Boise, ID, USA
Gerald P. Koocher, Department of Psychology, DePaul University, Chicago, IL, USA
Laura E. Korthauer, Department of Psychology, University of Wisconsin‐Milwaukee,
Milwaukee, WI, USA
Abigail O. Kramer, Palo Alto University, Palo Alto, CA, USA
Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco Memory and Aging
Center, San Francisco, CA, USA
Joel H. Kramer, Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco
Memory and Aging Center, San Francisco, CA, USA
Zlatan Krizan, Department of Psychology, Iowa State University, Armes, IA, USA
xviii List of Contributors
Monica F. Kurylo, Departments of Medicine and Public Health, University of Kansas Medical
Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
Onawa P. LaBelle, Psychology Department, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
Melissa H. Laitner, Department of Clinical and Health Psychology, College of Public Health
and Health Professions, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
Mark J. Landau, Department of Psychology, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, USA
Shane Landry, Monash Institute of Cognitive and Clinical Neurosciences, School of
Sleep and Circadian Medicine Laboratory, Department of Physiology, School of Biomedical
Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
Kevin T. Larkin, Department of Psychology, West Virginia University, Morgantown,
WV, USA
Jason M. Lavender, Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla,
CA, USA
Kristin Layous, Department of Psychology, California State University East Bay, Hayward,
CA, USA
Thanh Le, Department of Psychology, Louisiana State University College of Science, Baton
Rouge, LA, USA
Thad R. Leffingwell, Department of Psychology, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater,
OK, USA
Angela M. Legg, Department of Psychology, Pace University, New York, NY, USA
Jana Lembke, Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of Massachusetts
Amherst, Amherst, MA, USA
Elizabeth Lemon, Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of Colorado
Richie L. Lenne, Psychology Department, University of Minnesota Twin Cities, Minneapolis,
MN, USA
Alex Leow, Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago,
Chicago, IL, USA
Department of Bioengineering, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago,
Chicago, IL, USA
Howard Leventhal, Department of Psychology, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey,
Linda J. Levine, Department of Psychological Science, University of California Irvine, Irvine,
CA, USA
Melissa A. Lewis, Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle,
WA, USA
Meng Li, Department of Health and Behavior Sciences, University of Colorado Denver,
Denver, CO, USA
Huijun Liao, Department of Radiology, Center for Clinical Spectroscopy, Brigham and
Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
Alexander P. Lin, Department of Radiology, Center for Clinical Spectroscopy, Brigham and
Wendy P. Linda, School of Psychology, Fairleigh Dickinson University, Teaneck, NJ, USA
Nikolette P. Lipsey, Psychology Department,University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
Dana M. Litt, Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle,
WA, USA
List of Contributors xix
Andrew K. Littlefield, Department of Psychological Sciences, Texas Tech University,

Lubbock, TX, USA
Brett Litz, Department of Psychology, Boston University & VA Boston Healthcare System,
Boston, MA, USA
Marci Lobel, Department of Psychology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
Todd Lucas, C. S. Mott Endowed Professor of Public Health Associate Professor of
Epidemiology and Biostatistics Division of Public Health College of Human Medicine
Michigan State University, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
Mia Liza A. Lustria, School of Information, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, USA
Steven Jay Lynn, Department of Psychology, Binghamton University, Binghamton,
NY, USA
Salvatore R. Maddi, Department of Psychological Science, University of California, Irvine,
Irvine, CA, USA
Renee E. Magnan, Washington State University Vancouver, Vancouver, WA, USA
Brenda Major, Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of California
Vanessa L. Malcarne, San Diego State University, UC San Diego Joint Doctoral Program in
Clinical Psychology, San Diego, CA, USA
UC San Diego Moores Cancer Center, San Diego, CA, USA
Department of Psychology, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA, USA
Kelsey A. Maloney, Department of Psychological Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock,
TX, USA
Andrew W. Manigault, Psychology Department, Ohio University, Athens, OH, USA
Traci Mann, Psychology Department, University of Minnesota Twin Cities, Minneapolis,
MN, USA
Soe Mar, Neurology and Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Neurology, Washington University
in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
Shannon M. Martin, Department of Psychology, Central Michigan University, Mount
Pleasant, MI, USA
Allison Marziliano, Department of Psychology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook,
NY, USA
Katilyn Mascatelli, Department of Psychology, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA,
USA
Tyler B. Mason, Department of Psychology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles,
CA, USA
Neuropsychiatric Research Institute, Fargo, ND, USA
Kevin S. Masters, Psychology Department, University of Colorado at Denver – Anschutz
Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
Kevin D. McCaul, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND, USA
Tara P. McCoy, Psychology Department, University of California, Riverside, Riverside,
CA, USA
Michael McCrea, Brain Injury Research Program, Department of Neurosurgery, Medical
College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
Scout N. McCully, Department of Psychological Sciences, Kent State University, Kent
OH, USA
Don McGeary, Department of Psychiatry, Department of Family and Community Medicine,
The University of Texas Health Science Center San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
xx List of Contributors
Jessica McGovern, Department of Psychology, Louisiana State University College of Science,

Robert E. McGrath, School of Psychology, Farleigh Dickinson University, Teaneck, NJ, USA
Michael P. Mead, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND, USA
Alan Meca, Department of Psychology, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA, USA
Matthias R. Mehl, Psychology Department, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
Timothy P. Melchert, Department of Psychology, Marquette University, Milwaukee,
WI, USA
Paola Mendoza‐Rivera, Department of Clinical Psychology, Palo Alto University, Palo Alto,
CA, USA
Maria G. Mens, Department of Psychology, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA,
USA
Sai Merugumala, Department of Radiology, Center for Clinical Spectroscopy, Brigham and
Rebecca A. Meza, Department of Communication, Fontbonne University, St. Louis,
MO, USA
Dara Mickschl, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
Tricia A. Miller, Santa Barbara Cottage Hospital, Santa Barbara, CA, USA
Department of Psychology, University of California Riverside, Riverside, CA, USA
Kyle R. Mitchell, Department of Psychology, Louisiana State University College of Science,
Mona Moieni, Psychology Department, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles,
CA, USA
Phillip J. Moore, Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, The George Washington
DeAnna L. Mori, VA Boston Healthcare System, West Roxbury, MA, USA
Sandra B. Morissette, Department of Psychology, The University of Texas at San Antonio
College of Sciences, San Antonio, TX, USA
Amber Morrow, Department of Psychological Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock,
TX, USA
Ariel J. Mosley, Department of Psychology, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, USA
Robert W. Motl, Department of Physical Therapy, University of Alabama at Birmingham,
Birmingham, AL, USA
Laurent Mottron, Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Universite de Montreal,
Montreal, QC, Canada
Anne Moyer, Department of Psychology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
Elaine M. Murphy, Population Reference Bureau, Washington, DC, USA
Carolyn B. Murray, Psychology, University of California, Riverside, CA, USA
Christopher S. Nave, Department of Psychology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia,
PA, USA
Department of Psychology, Rutgers University Camden, Camden, NJ, USA
Eve‐Lynn Nelson, KU Center for Telemedicine & Telehealth, University of Kansas Medical
Center, University of Kansas, Kansas City, KS, USA
Steven M. Nelson, VISN 17 Center of Excellence for Research on Returning War Veterans,
Waco, TX, USA
Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Baylor University, Waco, TX, USA
List of Contributors xxi
Center for Vital Longevity, School of Behavioral and Brain Sciences, University of Texas at
Dallas, Dallas, TX, USA
Elizabeth Neumann, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
Jason L. Neva, Department of Physical Therapy, University of British Columbia, Vancouver,
BC, Canada
Jody S. Nicholson, Department of Psychology, University of North Florida, Jacksonville,
FL, USA
Christina Nisson, Department of Psychology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
Mary‐Frances O’Connor, Psychology Department, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
Laura O’Hara, Department of Communication, Fontbonne University, St. Louis, MO, USA
Gbolahan O. Olanubi, Psychology Department, University of California Los Angeles, Los
Angeles, CA, USA
Nils Olsen, Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, The George Washington
Yimi Omofuma, Department of Clinical Psychology, Palo Alto University, Palo Alto,
CA, USA
Elizabeth Ortiz‐Gonzalez, Department of Psychological Sciences, Texas Tech University,
Lubbock, TX, USA
Ileana Pacheco‐Colón, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA
Aliza A. Panjwani, Graduate School and University Center, City University of New York,
New York, NY, USA
Mike C. Parent, Department of Psychological Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock,
TX, USA
Department of Educational Psychology, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
Thomas J. Parkman, Clinical Psychology Program, Department of Psychological Sciences,
Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, USA
Robert H. Paul, Department of Psychological Sciences, University of Missouri–St. Louis,
St. Louis, MO, USA
Stephanie A. Peak, Battelle Memorial Institute, Columbus, OH, USA
Michael G. Perri, Department of Clinical and Health Psychology, College of Public Health
Laura Perry, Department of Psychology, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, USA
Alyssa Phelps, Boston University Alzheimer’s Disease Center and Boston University CTE
Center, Department of Neurology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston,
MA, USA
Carissa L. Philippi, Department of Psychological Sciences, University of Missouri‐St Louis,
St Louis, MO, USA
L. Alison Phillips, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA
Paula R. Pietromonaco, Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of
Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA, USA
Craig P. Pollizi, Department of Psychology, Binghamton University, Binghamton, NY, USA
Seth D. Pollak, Department of Psychology, University of Wisconsin‐Madison, Madison,
WI, USA
David B. Portnoy, US Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, USA
Rachel Postupack, Department of Clinical and Health Psychology, College of Public Health
xxii List of Contributors
Matthew R. Powell, Division of Neurocognitive Disorders, Department of Psychiatry &

Psychology, Mayo Clinic Minnesota, Rochester, MN, USA
Candice Presseau, Massachusetts Veterans Epidemiology Research and Information Center
Sarah D. Pressman, Department of Psychological Science, University of California Irvine,
Irvine, CA, USA
Rebecca N. Preston‐Campbell, Missouri Institute of Mental Health, St. Louis, MO, USA
Isabel F. Ramos, Department of Psychology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
Christopher T. Ray, College of Health Sciences, Texas Woman’s University, Denton,
TX, USA
Amanda L. Rebar, Centre for Physical Activity Studies, School of Human, Health and Social
Sciences, Central Queensland University, Rockhampton, QLD, Australia
Allecia E. Reid, Colby College, Waterville, ME, USA
May Reinert, Department of Psychology, Pace University, New York, NY, USA
Kelly E. Rentscher, Psychology Department, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
Tracey A. Revenson, Department of Psychology, Hunter College, New York, NY, USA
C. Steven Richards, Department of Psychological Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock,
TX, USA
Laura River, Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of Colorado Boulder,
Boulder, CO, USA
Megan L. Robbins, Department of Psychology, University of California, Riverside, CA, USA
Michael C. Roberts, Clinical Child Psychology Program, University of Kansas, Lawrence,
KS, USA
John D. Robinson, Department of Surgery and Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral
Sciences, Howard University College of Medicine/Hospital, Washington, DC, USA
Theodore F. Robles, Psychology Department, University of California Los Angeles,
CA, USA
Catherine Rochefort, Department of Psychology, Southern Methodist University, Dallas,
TX, USA
Daniel G. Rogers, Department of Psychology, University of Mississippi, MS, USA
John L. Romano, Department of Educational Psychology, University of Minnesota Twin
Cities, Minneapolis, MN, USA
Karen S. Rook, Department of Psychological Science, University of California, Irvine,
CA, USA
Ann Rosenthal, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
J. Megan Ross, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA
Tania L. Roth, Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of Delaware,
Newark, DE, USA
Alexander J. Rothman, Department of Psychology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis,
MN, USA
Ronald H. Rozensky, Department of Clinical and Health Psychology, College of Public
Health and Health Professions, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
Kristen L. Rudd, Department of Psychology, University of California, Riverside, Riverside,
CA, USA
Kirstie K. Russell, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON,
Canada
Arseny A. Ryazanov, Department of Psychology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla,
CA, USA
List of Contributors xxiii
Napapon Sailasuta, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada
Stella Sakhon, Department of Psychology, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
Lauren E. Salminen, Imaging Genetics Center, University of Southern California, Marina del
Rey, CA, USA
Christian Salvatore, Scuola Universitaria Superiore IUSS Pavia, Piazza della Vittoria, Pavia,
Italy
DeepTrace Technologies S.R.L., Via Conservatorio, Milan, Italy
Peter M. Sandman, Department of Human Ecology, Rutgers University New Brunswick,
Keith Sanford, Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Baylor University, Waco,
TX, USA
David A. Sbarra, Department of Psychology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
Michael F. Scheier, Department of Psychology, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh,
PA, USA
Adam T. Schmidt, Department of Psychological Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock,
TX, USA
Elana Schwartz, Department of Psychology, Louisiana State University College of Science,
Esther N. Schwartz, Department of Family and Community Medicine, Texas Tech University
Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, USA
Seth J. Schwartz, Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Miami Miller School
of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
Ralf Schwarzer, Health Psychology, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
Health Psychology, Australian Catholic University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
Richard J. Seime, Mayo Clinic Minnesota, Rochester, MN, USA
Claire E. Sexton, Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
Louise Sharpe, School of Psychology, Faculty of Science, The University of Sydney, Sydney,
NSW, Australia
Lindsay Sheehan, Department of Psychology, Illinois Institute of Technology College of
Science, Chicago, IL, USA
Paschal Sheeran, Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of North Carolina
at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
Daniel Sheinbein, BRAIN Lab, Psychological and Brain Sciences, Washington University in
James A. Shepperd, Psychology Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
Brittany N. Sherrill, Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Baylor University, Waco,
TX, USA
Molin Shi, Department of Psychological Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX,
USA
Emily W. Shih, Department of Psychology, University of California, Riverside, CA, USA
Ben W. Shulman, Psychology Department, University of California, Los Angles, CA, USA
Elizabeth Silbermann, Neurology Resident, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis,
MO, USA
Department of Neurology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA
Roxane Cohen Silver, Department of Psychological Science, University of California, Irvine,
Irvine, CA, USA
Colleen A. Sloan, VA Boston Healthcare System, West Roxbury, MA, USA
xxiv List of Contributors
Rachel Smallman, Psychology Department, Texas A&M University System, College Station,
TX, USA
Kathryn E. Smith, Neuropsychiatric Research Institute, Fargo, ND, USA
Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Science, University of North Dakota School of
Medicine and Health Sciences, Grand Forks, ND, USA
Patrick J. Smith, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
Todd A. Smitherman, Department of Psychology, University of Mississippi, University,
MS, USA
Joshua M. Smyth, The Department of Biobehavioral Health, The Pennsylvania State
University, University Park, PA, USA
Dara H. Sorkin, Department of Psychological Science, University of California, Irvine,
CA, USA
R. L. Spencer, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA
Melissa Spina, Psychology Department, University of Missouri System, Columbia, MO, USA
Bonnie Spring, Department of Preventive Medicine, Northwestern University, Evanston,
IL, USA
Annette L. Stanton, Department of Psychology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los
Angeles, CA, USA
Ellen Stephenson, Department of Psychology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver,
BC, Canada
Robert A. Stern, Boston University Alzheimer’s Disease Center and Boston University CTE
Center, Department of Neurology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston,
MA, USA
Department of Neurosurgery and Anatomy & Neurobiology, Boston University School of
Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
Angela K. Stevens, Department of Psychological Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock,
TX, USA
Courtney J. Stevens, Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of Colorado
Elizabeth M. Stewart, Monash Institute of Cognitive and Clinical Neurosciences, School of
Danu Anthony Stinson, Psychology Department, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC,
Canada
Michelle L. Stock, Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, George Washington
Arthur A. Stone, USC Dornsife Center for Self‐Report Science, University of Southern
California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
Department of Psychology, Dana and David Dornsife College of Letters Arts and Sciences,
University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
Jeff Stone, Psychology Department, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
John A. Sturgeon, Center for Pain Relief, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
Kieran T. Sullivan, Department of Psychology, Santa Clara University, Santa Clara, CA, USA
Amy Summerville, Psychology Department, Miami University, Oxford, OH, USA
Jessie Sun, Center for Positive Psychology, Graduate School of Education, University of
Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
Department of Psychology, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
Steve Sussman, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles,
CA, USA
List of Contributors xxv
Trevor James Swanson, Department of Psychology, University of Kansas, Lawrence,

KS, USA
Allison M. Sweeney, Department of Psychology, University of South Carolina, Columbia,
SC, USA
Kate Sweeny, Department of Psychology, University of California, Riverside, Riverside,
CA, USA
Sergey Tarima, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
Carly A. Taylor, Boston Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
George T. Taylor, Behavioral Neuroscience Program, Department of Psychological Sciences,
Interfakultäre Biomedizinische Forschungseinrichtung (IBF) der Universität Heidelberg,
Heidelberg, Germany
A. Janet Tomiyama, Psychology Department, University of California Los Angeles, Los
Angeles, CA, USA
Victoria A. Torres, Department of Psychology, College of Liberal Arts, University of
Mississippi, Oxford, MS, USA
David R.M. Trotter, Department of Family and Community Medicine, Texas Tech University
Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, USA
Bert N. Uchino, Department of Psychology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
John A. Updegraff, Department of Psychological Sciences, Kent State University, Kent,
OH, USA
Jay Urbain, Milwaukee School of Engineering, Milwaukee, WI, USA
Amy E. Ustjanauskas, San Diego State University, UC San Diego Joint Doctoral Program in
Clinical Psychology, San Diego, CA, USA
UC San Diego Moores Cancer Center, San Diego, CA, USA
Jason Van Allen, Clinical Psychology Program, Department of Psychological Sciences, Texas
Erika D. Van Dyke, Department of Sport Sciences, College of Physical Activity and Sport
Sciences, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA
Department of Psychology, Springfield College, Springfield, MA, USA
Judy L. Van Raalte, Department of Psychology, Springfield College, Springfield, MA, USA
Maryke Van Zyl‐Harrison, Department of Clinical Psychology, Palo Alto University, Palo
Alto, CA, USA
Rachel Vanderkruik, Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of Colorado
Elizabeth J. Vella, Department of Psychology, University of Southern Maine, Portland,
ME, USA
Birte von Haaren‐Mack, German Sport University Cologne, Köln, Nordrhein‐Westfalen,
Germany
David Von Nordheim, University of Missouri–St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
Mikhail Votinov, Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, RWTH
Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM‐10), Jülich, Germany
Rebecca K. Vujnovic, Department of Psychology, University at Buffalo, The State University
of New York, Buffalo, NY, USA
Amy Wachholtz, Department of Psychology and University Health Sciences Center,
University of Colorado Denver, Denver, CO, USA
xxvi List of Contributors
Eric F. Wagner, Department of Epidemiology, Florida International University, Miami,

FL, USA
Ryan J. Walker, Psychology Department, Miami University, Oxford, Ohio, USA
Rachel A. Wamser-Nanney, Department of Psychological Sciences, Center for Trauma
Recovery, University of Missouri‐St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
Britney M. Wardecker, Psychology Department, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor,
MI, USA
Melissa Ward‐Peterson, Department of Epidemiology, Florida International University,
Miami, FL, USA
Lisa Marie Warner, Health Psychology, Freie Universitat Berlin, Berlin, Germany
Neil D. Weinstein, Department of Human Ecology, Rutgers University New Brunswick,
Suzanne E. Welcome, Department of Communication, Fontbonne University, St. Louis,
MO, USA
Kristen J. Wells, San Diego State University and SDSU/UC San Diego Joint Doctoral
Program in Clinical Psychology, San Diego, CA, USA
Amy Wenzel, Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine,
Philadelphia, PA, USA
Private Practice, Rosemont, PA, USA
Summer L. Williams, Department of Psychology, Westfield State University, Westfield,
MA, USA
Cynthia J. Willmon, Reno VA Sierra Nevada Health Care System, Reno, NV, USA
Sara M. Witcraft, Department of Psychology, University of Mississippi, Oxford, MS, USA
Stephen A. Wonderlich, Neuropsychiatric Research Institute, Fargo, ND, USA
Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Science, University of North Dakota School of
Medicine and Health Sciences, Grand Forks, ND, USA
E.R. Woodruff, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA
Patrick W. Wright, Neurology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
Robert C. Wright, Department of Psychology, University of California, Riverside, CA, USA
Shawna Wright, KU Center for Telemedicine & Telehealth, University of Kansas Medical
Center, University of Kansas, Kansas City, KS, USA
Tuppett M. Yates, Department of Psychology, University of California, Riverside, Riverside,
CA, USA
Julie D. Yeterian, Massachusetts Veterans Epidemiology Research and Information Center
Lok‐Kin Yeung, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
Alex J. Zautra, Psychology Department, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
Colin A. Zestcott, Psychology Department, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
Peggy M. Zoccola, Psychology Department, Ohio University, Athens, OH, USA
Foreword
Until the 1970s, there were no books, journals, or university courses on health psychology.
Although the field’s intellectual roots stretch back to the beginnings of psychology more than
a century ago, its formal emergence depended on a convergence of influences (Friedman &
Silver, 2007), including psychosomatic medicine, social‐psychological and socio‐anthropo-
logical perspectives on medicine, epidemiology, and medical and clinical psychology. Today,
health psychology is a principal area of significant social science research and practice, with
vital implications for the health and well‐being of individuals and societies. Understanding the
explosive trajectory of health psychology is useful to appreciating the strengths of the field and
to approaching this new encyclopedia, the Wiley Encyclopedia of Health Psychology.
What is the nature of health? That is, what does it mean to be healthy? The way that this
question is answered affects the behaviors, treatments, and resource allocations of individuals,
families, health practitioners, governments, and societies. For example, if it is thought that you
are healthy unless and until you contract a disease or suffer an injury, then attention and
resources are primarily allocated toward “fixing” the problem through medications or surgical
repairs. This is the traditional biomedical model of disease (sometimes called the “disease
model”). Indeed, in the United States, the overwhelming allocation of attention and resources
is to physicians (doing treatments) and to pharmaceuticals (prescription drugs and their devel-
opment). In contrast, health psychology developed around a much broader and more interdis-
ciplinary approach to health, one that is often termed the biopsychosocial model.
The biopsychosocial model (a term first formally proposed by George Engel in 1968) brings
together core elements of staying healthy and recovering well from injury or disease (Stone
et al., 1987). Each individual—due to a combination of biological influences and psychosocial
experiences—is more or less likely to thrive. Some of this variation is due to genetics and early
life development; some depends on the availability and appropriate applications of medical
treatments; some involves nutrition and physical activity; some depends on preparations for,
perceptions of, and reactions to life’s challenges; and some involves exposure to or seeking out
of healthier or unhealthier environments, both physically and socially. When presented in this
way, it might seem obvious that health should certainly be viewed in this broader interdiscipli-
nary way. However, by misdirecting its vast expenditures on health care, the United States
gives its residents mediocre health at high cost (Kaplan, 2019). To approach these matters in
a thorough manner, this encyclopedia includes four volumes, with Volume 1 focusing on the
biological bases of health and health behavior, Volume 2 concentrating on the social bases,
Volume 3 centering around the psychological and clinical aspects, and Volume 4 focused more
broadly on crosscutting and applied matters.
xxviii Foreword
Key parts of health depend on biological characteristics and how they interact with our
experiences and environments. So, for example, in Volume 1, there are articles on injury to the
brain, alcohol effects on the brain, nutrition, drug abuse, psychophysiology, and the tools and
key findings of neuroscience. Note that even individuals with the same genes (identical twins)
can and do have different health and recovery outcomes, and the articles delve into such
complexities of health. Of course humans are also social creatures, and people’s growth, devel-
opment, and health behaviors take place in social contexts. So, in Volume 2, there are articles
on such fundamental matters as social support, coping, spirituality, emotion, discrimination,
communication, psychosocial stress, and bereavement.
Because our approaches to and conceptions of health are heavily influenced by society’s
institutions and structures revolving around medical care, much of health psychology derives
from or intersects with clinical psychology and applied behavioral medicine. Volume 3 covers
such clinical topics as psycho‐oncology, depression, drug abuse, chronic disease, eating disor-
ders, and the psychosocial aspects of coronary heart disease. Finally and importantly, there are
a number of special and cross‐cutting matters that are considered in Volume 4, ranging from
relevant laws and regulations to telehealth and health disparities. Taken together, the articles
triangulate on what it truly means to be healthy.
What are the most promising directions for the future that emerge from a broad and deep
approach to health? That is, to where do these encyclopedia articles point? One key clue arises
from a unique opportunity to enhance, extend, and analyze the classic Terman study of children
who were followed and studied throughout their lives (Friedman & Martin, 2012). These stud-
ies revealed that there are lifelong trajectories to health, thriving, and longevity. Although anyone
can encounter bad luck, a number of basic patterns emerged that are more likely to lead to good
health. That is, for some individuals, certain earlier life characteristics and circumstances help
propel them on pathways of healthier and healthier behaviors, reactions, relationships, and expe-
riences, while others instead face a series of contingent stumbling blocks. There are multipart but
nonrandom pathways across time linking personalities, health behaviors, social groups, educa-
tion, work environments, and health and longevity. The present encyclopedia necessarily is a
compendium of summaries of the relevant elements of health and thriving, but one that would
and can profitably be used as a base to synthesize the long‐term interdependent aspects of health.
In sum, this encyclopedia is distinctive in its explicit embrace of the biopsychosocial approach
to health, not through lip service or hand‐waving but rather through highly detailed and
extensive consideration of the many dozens of topics crucial to this core interdisciplinary
understanding.
References
Friedman, H. S., & Martin, L. R. (2012). The longevity project: Surprising discoveries for health and long
life from the landmark eight‐decade study. New York: Penguin Plume Press.
Friedman, H. S., & Silver, R. C. (Eds.) (2007). Foundations of health psychology. New York: Oxford
University Press.
Kaplan, R. M. (2019). More than medicine: The broken promise of American health. Cambridge, MA:
Harvard University Press.
Stone, G., Weiss, M., Matarazzo, J. D., Miller, N. E., Rodin, J., Belar, C. D., … Singer, J. E. (Eds.)
(1987). Health psychology: A discipline and a profession. University of Chicago Press.
Howard S. Friedman
University of California, Riverside
August 15, 2019
Preface Volume 1: Biological Bases
of Health
The field of health psychology is a specialty area that draws on how biology, psychology,
behavior, and social factors influence health and illness. Despite the fact that the formal recog-
nition of the field is only about a half of a century old, it has established itself as a major scien-
tific and clinical discipline. The primary reason for this is that there have been a number of
significant advances in psychological, medical, and physiological research that have changed
the way we think about health, wellness, and illness. However, this is only the tip of the
iceberg.
We have the field of health psychology to thank for much of the progress seen across our
current healthcare system. Let me provide some examples that illustrate the diversity of these
important contributions. Starting with a broad public health perspective, health psychologists
have been involved in how our communities are planned and how urban development has a sig-
nificant and direct impact on our health behaviors. That is, if we live close to where we work, play,
and shop, we are more likely to walk or bike to our destination rather than drive or take public
transportation. Focusing on a smaller, but no less important, source of data, health psychologists
are involved in using information obtained from our genes to help counsel individuals to make
good, well‐informed health decisions that could have an impact on the individual immediately
or in the future. Being well‐informed can direct a person toward the best possible path toward
wellness, whether it be measures aimed at prevention, further monitoring, or intervention.
Of course, there are many other contributions. For instance, data indicates that several of
the leading causes of death in our society can be prevented or delayed (e.g., heart disease,
respiratory disease, cerebrovascular disease, and diabetes) via active participation in psycho-
logical interventions. Knowing that we can improve health status by changing our behaviors
seems like an easy “fix,” but we know that behavior change is tough. As such, it is not surpris-
ing that health psychologists have been involved in trying to improve upon treatment success
by examining patient compliance. When we better understand what motivates and discourages
people from engaging in treatment or pro‐health behaviors, we can improve upon compliance
and help individuals adopt more healthy lifestyles. Health psychologists have also played a
role in shaping healthcare policy via identifying evidence‐based treatments. This work has
direct effects on how individuals receive healthcare as well as what treatments are available/
reimbursable by insurance companies. Finally, there are also factors beyond medical care to
consider (e.g., economic, educational) that can lead to differential health outcomes. Thus,
health psychologists likewise examine ways to reduce health disparities, ensuring that the public
and government officials are made aware of the impact of the social determinants of health.
xxx Preface Volume 1: Biological Bases of Health
I could go on and on, however, examples like this illustrate the significant impact this broad
and exciting field has had (and will continue to have) on our understanding of health and well-
ness. Given the constantly changing nature of the field, it is not possible to be all inclusive;
however, the aim of these four volumes is to provide readers an up‐to‐date overview of the
field. Each entry is written to stand alone for those who wish to learn about a specific topic,
and if the reader is left wanting more, suggested readings are provided to expand one’s knowl-
edge. Volume I, Biological Bases of Health Behavior, includes entries that cover topics in the
broad areas of neuroscience and biopsychology relevant to health behavior. General topics
include degenerative and developmental conditions, emerging methodologies available in
clinical research, functional anatomy and imaging, and gene × environment interactions.
Volume II, Social Bases of Health Behavior, addresses topics related to theories and concepts
derived from social psychology. Specifically, topics related to the self, social cognition, social
perception, attitudes and attitude change, perception, framing, and pro‐health behaviors are
included. Volume III, Clinical Health Psychology and Behavioral Medicine, covers the applied
aspects of the field of health psychology including practical topics that clinical health psycholo-
gists face in the workplace, behavioral aspects of medical conditions, the impact of unhealthy
behaviors, and issues related to the comorbidity of psychiatric disorders and chronic health
concerns. Finally, Volume IV, Special Issues in Health Psychology, contains a wide array of
topics that are worthy of special consideration in the field. Philosophical and conceptual issues
are discussed, along with new approaches in delivering treatment and matters to consider
when working with diverse and protected populations.
It is my sincere hope that the Wiley Encyclopedia of Health Psychology will serve as a compre-
hensive resource for academic and applied psychologists, other health care professionals inter-
ested in the relationship of psychological and physical well‐being, and students across the
health professions. I would very much like to thank and acknowledge all those who have made
this work possible including Michelle McFadden, the Wiley editorial and production teams,
the volume editors, and of course all of the authors who contributed their outstanding work.
Lee M. Cohen, PhD

Preface Volume 1: Biological Basis
of Behavior
The chapters of this volume focus on the neural and molecular mechanisms of the
biopsychosocial model of behavioral health. The work detailed herein is timely, as the scientific
pendulum is shifting away from the long‐standing research aimed at dismantling complex
clinical phenotypes into biological components as the pathway to discover biological mecha-
nisms. The common reductionistic approach has yielded no curative strategies for children and
adults affected by the most vexing neuropsychiatric and neurodegenerative conditions. At the
same time, a worsening incidence of behavioral health disorders and associated reductions in
health‐adjusted life expectancies worldwide raises concern that behavioral health conditions
represent a looming global health crisis.
This volume summarizes the current state of science on the biological bases of behavioral
health, with a focus on advanced conceptual models that prioritize the integration of numer-
ous biological, psychological, and sociocultural interdependencies inherent to developmental
conditions (e.g., autism spectrum disorder, Down syndrome, language‐based learning disor-
der), contextual factors that alter neurodevelopmental trajectories (e.g., obesity, illicit drug
use, psychosocial stress, traumatic brain injury, infectious disease), and age‐related neurode-
generative conditions (e.g., cerebrovascular disease, Alzheimer’s disease). Technological
advances are reviewed, including neuroimaging methods capable of visualizing the anatomical
and physiological basis of behavioral health disorders that have high potential to improve
diagnostic classification and monitoring of patient care outcomes (i.e., precision medicine).
Technologies and computational innovations introduced during the past three decades
following the “Decade of the Brain” in 1990 and completion of the Human Genome Project
in 1993 offer a viable path to create much needed scientific breakthroughs that are difficult to
achieve using traditional research methods designed more to confirm hypotheses than to foster
new insights and discovery. Data science offers a new opportunity to identify nonlinear and
linear patterns and highly dimensional interactions across explanatory variables that more
accurately model the intrinsic features of the biopsychosocial determinants of behavior.
Combined with new advances in diagnostic technologies (e.g., ligands for positron emission
tomography) and intervention strategies (e.g., transcranial magnetic stimulation), the current
scientific momentum has potential to transform behavioral health outcomes on a global scale.
Robert Paul
St. Louis, MO, USA
Editor‐in‐Chief Acknowledgments
I would like to publicly recognize and thank my family, Michelle, Ross, Rachel, and Becca for
being supportive of my work life while also providing me with a family life beyond my wildest
dreams. I love you all very much. I would also like to note my great appreciation and thanks
to the faculty and staff of the Doctoral Training Program in Clinical Psychology at Oklahoma
State University for providing me with an opportunity to expand my education and for provid-
ing extraordinary training. In particular, I would like to thank my late mentor Dr. Frank L.
Collins Jr., Dr. Larry Mullins, Dr. John Chaney, and Patricia Diaz Alexander. Further, I am
grateful to the University of Mississippi and Texas Tech University (and the colleagues and
students I have had the privilege to work alongside) for affording me excellent working envi-
ronments and the support to do the work I am honored to be a part of. Finally, I would like
to recognize and thank the volume editors for their vision and perseverance to this project as
well as to each of the contributors for their excellent entries and their dedication to this very
important field.
Lee M. Cohen, Ph.D.

Editor‐in‐Chief

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10.1002/9781119057840.fmatter1, Downloaded from https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/9781119057840.fmatter1 by Ministry Of Health, Wiley Online Library on [16/03/2023].

Biological Bases of Health Behavior

Preface Volume 1: Biological Bases of Health xxix

Preface Volume 1: Biological Basis of Behavior xxxi

Editor‐in‐Chief Acknowledgments xxxiii

Brain Development from Conception to Adulthood 1

Functional Anatomy: Types of Cells/Physiology 5

Functional Neuroanatomy: Cortical–Subcortical Distinctions and Pathways 13

Neurobiology of Stress–Health Relationships 21

Stress, Neurogenesis, and Mood: An Introduction to the

An Overview of Neuropsychiatric Symptoms and Pathogenesis in MS 43

Psychoneuroimmunology: Immune Markers of Psychopathology 49

Epigenetics in Developmental Disorders 75

Epigenetics in Behavior and Mental Health 83

Diffusion MRI: Introduction 91

Structural Neuroimaging of Hippocampal Subfields in Healthy Aging,

DTI Tractography Metrics: Fiber Bundle Length 109

The Use of Diffusional Kurtosis Imaging (DKI) to

Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging: fMRI 125

Resting‐State Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging and

Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy (MRS) in Psychiatric Diseases 149

Artificial Intelligence in Medicine: Can Computers Aid the

Therapeutic Effects of Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (rTMS) in

Connectomics and Multimodal Imaging Techniques in Clinical Research 181

Asperger Syndrome 187

Neurobiology of Down Syndrome 197

Vascular Dementia 205

Neurodegenerative Conditions: FTD 209

Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI) 219

Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy: A Long‐Term Consequence of

Neuropsychological Assessment of Cortical and Subcortical

Mild Traumatic Brain Injury and Posttraumatic Stress Disorder:

Caloric Restriction, Cognitive Function, and Brain Health 253

Psychosocial: Substance Abuse—Street Drugs 261

The Effects of Prenatal Stress on Offspring Development 275

Psychophysiology of Traumatic Stress and Posttraumatic Stress Disorder 287

Cognitive Reserve 293

APOE as a Risk Factor for Age‐Related Cognitive Impairment:

The Serotonin Transporter‐Linked Polymorphic Region (5‐HTTLPR)

The Neuroscience of Well‐Being: Part 1 (Conceptual Definitions) 325

Gene × Environment Interactions: BDNF 331

The Insula in Women with Posttraumatic Stress Disorder 341

Language and Literacy Development 353

The Neuroscience of Well‐Being: Part 2 (Potential Neural Networks) 361

Early Life Stress 373

Alcohol‐Related Brain Disorders 395

Amanda M. Acevedo, Department of Psychological Science, University of California Irvine,

Jennifer L. Brown, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, University of

Sarah A. Cooley, Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Washington University in

Tessa L. Dover, Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of California

Department of Educational Psychology, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA

Kelly B. Haskard‐Zolnierek, Department of Psychology, Texas State University, San Marcos,

Jamie M. Jacobs, Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital/Harvard

Andrew K. Littlefield, Department of Psychological Sciences, Texas Tech University,

Jessica McGovern, Department of Psychology, Louisiana State University College of Science,

Matthew R. Powell, Division of Neurocognitive Disorders, Department of Psychiatry &

Trevor James Swanson, Department of Psychology, University of Kansas, Lawrence,

Eric F. Wagner, Department of Epidemiology, Florida International University, Miami,

Lee M. Cohen, PhD

Lee M. Cohen, Ph.D.

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