CNYMUN VI

Model of United Nations of the

New York School

SECURITY COUNCIL

Academic Guide

2023

ENGLISH
1
 Index

Index 2
Commitee Introduction 4
Topic A 4
Introduction 5
Subtopic 1 5
Subtopic 2 5
Subtopic 3 5
Quarmas 5
Topic B 6
Introduction 6
Subtopic 1 6
Subtopic 2 6
Subtopic 3 6
Quarmas 6
Recommended Sites 9
Topic A 9
Topic B 9
References (APA) 9

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 Welcome Letter

Dear delegates,

Receive all a welcoming greeting from the Security Council’s Chair in the VI Model

Of the United Nations of New York School. We would like that through your participation in

this committee you develop and show all your oratory and conflict resolution skills by

understanding our world. This is a space for you to prove your different ideas and points of

view in an empathetic, peaceful and very respectful way, furthermore we, Isabella Hosman

and Tomás Torres, appreciate your assistance in these debates.

On the other hand, this edition of the CNYMUN has been designed with a lot of effort and

dedication so that there is a space in which leadership, knowledge and commitment, among

many other skills, can be demonstrated.

Finally, we are willing to clarify and help you with all the doubts you have in order to have a

great discussion time.

We count with your participation.

Cordially,

Isabella Hosman Tomás Torres

isabellahosman514@colegionuevayork.edu.co tomastorres3232@colegiomayordelosandes.edu.co

3188215562 3232938185

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 Committee Introduction

The Security Council is one of the main organs of the United Nations, whose purpose is to

maintain world peace and security. In addition, it has a total of fifteen members, five

permanent members and ten non-permanent members, who serve fo32r two-year terms.

These members meet whenever one of the committee's goals is threatened. Therefore,

representatives of each of its members must be present at UN Headquarters at all times so

that they can meet if necessary.

When the committee notices that the peace is threatened, the first course of action is usually

to try to reach an agreement between the parties through peaceful means. In doing so, the

Council may: develop principles for such agreements, conduct inquiries or meditations, send

missions or send envoys.If that doesn't work, or if the conflict turns hostile, the committee

might: issue a truce order to prevent escalation, or send in military observers or peacekeepers

to de-escalate tensions and create a calm atmosphere so the two parts can think things over.

However, if the situation gets seriously out of control, the Security Council can take the

following measures: economic sanctions, arms embargo, diplomatic isolation and other

security measures.

The first meeting of the Safety Committee was held at Westminster Abbey in London in

1946. Since then, the permanent seat of the Security Council has been located at the United

Nations Headquarters in New York City. However, it has traveled to many cities and held

meetings in Ethiopia, Panama and Switzerland.

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The current members of the Security Council Committee are China, France, Russian

Federation, United Kingdom, United States, Estonia, India, Ireland, Kenya, Mexico, Niger,

Norway, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Tunisia and Viet Nam. The top five are

permanent members.

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 Topic A

Nuclear Capacity for Industrialized Countries

Introduction

Nuclear power currently contributes approximately 12% of all total electricity generated

around the world, also including industrialized countries which have centrally-planned

economies, however, this type of energy is not very involved in developing countries.

Nuclear power has evolved over the years in a remarkable way. “ In the year 2000, the total

nuclear capacity in developing countries might be 50 GWe, providing about 7% of their total

electrical energy. The corresponding figures for industrialized countries are expected to be

between 500 and 700 GWe, supplying about 30% of their total electrical energy.” ( Nuclear

Power in Developing Countries. By .HJ. Laue, L.K. Bennett, and R. Skjoldebrand)

Most industrialized countries have followed development objectives to be able to generate

energy and wide scope since this type of energy has to be reliable, economical and safe for all

those who use it. On the other hand, it is important to know about bilateral cooperation to

develop industrial infrastructures.

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Subtopic 1: Bilateral Cooperation.

Bilateral cooperation refers to the collaborative efforts between two parties or countries to
achieve a common goal or objective. It involves the sharing of resources, expertise, and
knowledge between the two parties to address specific challenges or to pursue common
interests. Bilateral cooperation can take various forms, including economic cooperation,
cultural exchange, scientific and technological cooperation, and military cooperation. The
purpose of bilateral cooperation is to foster mutual understanding, build trust, and promote a
healthy and productive relationship between the parties involved. Bilateral cooperation is
important for several reasons:

1. Achieving common goals: Bilateral cooperation enables two parties to pool their
resources, expertise, and knowledge to achieve a common goal that would have been
difficult to achieve individually.
2. Promoting peace and stability: Through bilateral cooperation, countries can build trust
and promote peaceful relations, which can help prevent conflicts and promote stability
in the region.
3. Economic benefits: Bilateral cooperation can lead to increased trade and investment,
which can boost economic growth and create new job opportunities.
4. Cultural exchange: Bilateral cooperation can also facilitate cultural exchange,
allowing people to learn about each other's traditions, customs, and way of life. This
can promote understanding and mutual respect between different cultures.
5. Scientific and technological advancements: Bilateral cooperation can also lead to
scientific and technological advancements, as countries share knowledge and
expertise to solve common problems.
6. Overall, bilateral cooperation is essential for building strong relationships between
countries, promoting mutual understanding, and achieving common goals that benefit
both parties involved.

Bilateral cooperation in nuclear energy is a significant aspect of international

relations. Countries can work together to develop nuclear energy technologies, share
expertise, and ensure the safe and secure use of nuclear energy for peaceful purposes.
There are several areas where bilateral cooperation in nuclear energy can be
beneficial:

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 1. Nuclear power plant construction: Countries can work together
to build nuclear power plants and share knowledge and expertise to ensure the
safe and efficient construction of these plants.
2. Nuclear fuel cycle: Bilateral cooperation can also involve sharing of nuclear
fuel cycle technologies, including uranium enrichment and spent fuel
reprocessing.
3. Nuclear safety and security: Countries can cooperate to improve the safety and
security of nuclear facilities, including sharing of best practices, training, and
joint exercises.
4. Nuclear research and development: Bilateral cooperation can also involve
joint research and development efforts in nuclear science and technology.
However, it is important to note that nuclear energy has potential risks and requires strict

regulations and safety measures. Therefore, bilateral cooperation in nuclear energy should be

based on principles of transparency, trust, and mutual benefit, with strict adherence to

international laws and regulations to ensure the safe and secure use of nuclear energy.

Subtopic 2: Industrialized Countries Producing Nuclear Energy.

Several industrialized countries are currently producing nuclear energy. These countries

include:

1. United States: The United States is the largest producer of nuclear energy in the

world, with 94 commercial nuclear power reactors generating about 20% of the

country's total electricity

2. France: France is the second-largest producer of nuclear energy in the world, with 56

nuclear reactors generating about 70% of the country's total electricity.

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 3. China: China has the third-largest number of nuclear reactors in

operation, with 50 reactors generating about 5% of the country's total electricity.

China has also been expanding its nuclear energy program in recent years.

4. Russia: Russia has 38 nuclear reactors in operation, generating about 20% of the

country's total electricity. Russia is also a major exporter of nuclear technology and

equipment.

5. South Korea: South Korea has 24 nuclear reactors in operation, generating about 30%

of the country's total electricity. South Korea is also a major exporter of nuclear

technology.

6. Canada: Canada has 19 nuclear reactors in operation, generating about 15% of the

country's total electricity. Canada is also a major producer of nuclear

7. United Kingdom: The United Kingdom has 15 nuclear reactors in operation,

generating about 20% of the country's total electricity. The UK has plans to build new

nuclear reactors in the coming years to replace aging facilities.

Other industrialized countries that produce nuclear energy include Germany, Sweden, Spain,

and Japan. However, some of these countries have plans to phase out nuclear power in the

coming years due to safety concerns and public opposition.

Quarmas

1. What is the nuclear energy development in your delegation?

2. Your delegation have a bilateral cooperation principle?

3. How the advances in nuclear energy will affect your delegation, and how this impact

can solve problems?

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 Topic B

Threat by The Islamic State Towards Africa

Introduction

As the Islamic State in Iraq and the Levant (ISIL), also known as Daesh, has suffered heavy

tactical and territorial casualties in Iraq and the Syrian Arab Republic, it appears to be placing

greater emphasis on its activities in Africa, including through the establishment of Offices

throughout Africa, and expanding into areas already affected by conflict and other areas not

previously affected by terrorist violence. A growing number of ISIL-affiliated groups in

Africa have demonstrated their ability to launch deadly and coordinated attacks, occupy

strategic areas, recruit supporters through anti-government propaganda and recruit child

soldiers. The frequency of ISIS attacks and resulting casualties across the continent. The

trend, supported by allegations of attacks by ISIL members, reflects an increase in attacks on

the continent over the past 3 years.

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Incidents attributed to ISGS and ISWAP respectively are attributed to “Greater Sahara Faction” and “Lake Chad

Faction” in the Armed Conflict Location & Event Data Project (ACLED)’s dataset.

Subtopic 1: Tendency Across Countries Affected by ISIL.

ISIL makes constant alliances with local subgroups, which generates an imbalance and

problems such as an increase in corruption and unemployment throughout the country this

make governments take overly-securitized responses that leave all vulnerable communities in

between all subversive groups and cruelty. The same responses in general have standardized

models, but in different regions, the main response that has been obtained is acceptance of

legislation and strategies from CVE (Common Vulnerabilities and Exposures).

In addition to that, the lack of knowledge from the community generates little participation

from them in matters of national politics, not to mention that the governmental and

non-governmental programs that promote CVEs are constantly unstable due to the economic

dependence that is required by external donors

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Subtopic 2 : Communities Dealing with Subversive Groups Presence.

Communities and groups around Africa dealt with these kinds of conflicts almost diary, the

whole continent having continued consequences with unworthy threats. The policy gaps had

left issues in families and these had led to acquire a strong resilience which some people

think is great, but some others think it is a risk to face illegal armed groups. In some countries

kidnappings have occurred and this has generated fear in many but resilience in others, as the

main consequences there have been difficulties for minors to go to school or universities

when there is no militarization, in addition the mental health of many has been affected and

in the absence of from this type of support, many people have shown recovery abilities.

Many areas are still insecure and it is an important challenge that involves not only the

government but also the victims of this conflict.

Quarmas:

1. Your delegation has good strategies in reinstatement programs for ex-subversive

people, preventing them to re-establish in these groups?

2. What improvements does your delegation recommend for securitized responses in

different countries?

3. How insufficient criminal justice mechanisms affect the continent in the long - term?

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 Delegations

United States of America

Republic of China

Russian Federation

The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland

French Republic

Democratic People's Republic of North Korea

Democratic People's Republic of South Korea

Republic of India

Islamic Republic of Pakistan

State of Israel

Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic

Islamic Republic of Iran

State of Japan

Kingdom of Sweden

Republic of Italy

Republic of Austria

Kingdom of Belgium

Kingdom of Norway

Canada

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Federative Republic of Brazil

Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela

Republic of South Sudan

Arab Republic of Egypt

United Republic of Cameroon

Democratic Republic of the Congo

Kingdom of Morocco

Republic of Kenya

Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant

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 Recommended Sites

Topic A

- Bilateral Cooperation. (n.d.). Energy.gov. Retrieved March 26, 2023. From

https://www.energy.gov/ne/bilateral-cooperation

- ‌National Geographic. (2023, March 2). Nuclear energy | National Geographic

Society. Education.nationalgeographic.org.

https://education.nationalgeographic.org/resource/nuclear-energy/

- ‌Galindo, A. (2022, November 15). What Is Nuclear Energy? the Science of

Nuclear Power. International Atomic Energy Agency.

https://www.iaea.org/newscenter/news/what-is-nuclear-energy-the-science-of-n

uclear-power

Topic B

- Irshaid, F. (2015, December 2). Isis, Isil, IS or Daesh? BBC News.

https://www.bbc.com/news/world-middle-east-27994277

- Security Council. (2022). Civil Society Perspectives: ISIL in Africa – Key

Trends and Developments (CTED, Ed.) [Review of Civil Society Perspectives:

ISIL in Africa – Key Trends and Developments]. CTED.

https://www.un.org/securitycouncil/ctc/sites/www.un.org.securitycouncil.ctc/fil

es/files/documents/2022/Apr/cted_civil_society_perspectives_isil_in_africa_ap

ril_2022.pdf

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 References (APA)

1. Global, IGI. “What Is Bilateral Cooperation | IGI Global. Retrieved in March 12,

2023.

www.igi-global.com/dictionary/the-compromised-healthcare-sector-of-india-and-othe

r-southeast-asian-countries/103591#:~:text=1.

2. Laue, H. L. Bennett and R. Skjoeldebrand. Nuclear Power in Developing Countries.

Retrieved in March 13, 2023

www.iaea.org/sites/default/files/26105380308.pdf.

3. Kumar, Hemanth. “The World’s Biggest Nuclear Energy Producing Countries: Top

Ten. (12 Feb. 2021,)

www.power-technology.com/features/top-ten-nuclear-energy-producing-countries/.

4. CTED. “Civil Society Perspectives: ISIL in Africa - Key Trends and Developments |

Security Council - Counter-Terrorism Committee (CTC).”( Apr. 2022,)

www.un.org/securitycouncil/ctc/content/civil-society-perspectives-isil-africa-key-tren

ds-and-developments.

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