The Global

Interstate
System

PROFESSOR: RENA V. TEJADA, PHD.

ADAPTED: DON Y. SISLES, JR.
 STATE
• Territorial entity
controlled by a
government and
inhabited by a
population
Government
Entrusted with making
and enforcing the rules
of society as well as with
regulating relations with
other societies
• Civil society – population
inhabiting a state that
has developed
institutions to participate
in political or social life.
• Nation – all or part of the
population that shares a
group identity
Nation States
Group of people
who share a
sense of national
identity, usually
including
language and
culture
Image from: businessinsider.com
 STATE RECOGNITION BY OTHER STATES:

• Through diplomatic
relations
• By membership in
the United Nations

Image from: www.un.org

States with Limited Recognition:
• Abkhazia (currently part of Georgia, recognized by 6 UN
Member States)
• Republic of China (known as Taiwan, currently part of
China, recognized by 21 UN Member States and the
Holy See)
• Kosovo (declared independence from Serbia in 2008,
recognized by 107 UN Member States)
• Palestine (still to establish identity as a state)
• Vatican City (tiny population and unique status,
permanent observer state but non-member of UN)
 DYNAMIC CHARACTERISTICS OF THE PRESENT
STATES

•The population of the world’s states varies

dramatically (China and India - 1 billion each; San
Marino - 40,000)

•States differ tremendously in the size of their

total annual income (US - $14 trillion, Tuvalu -
$30 million)
 DYNAMIC CHARACTERISTICS OF THE PRESENT
STATES
•A few of these states possess especially
economic strength and influence, and are called
great powers.

•The most powerful of great powers, those with

truly global influence, have been called
superpowers.
DYNAMIC CHARACTERISTICS OF THE PRESENT STATES
•Some other political entities are often referred
to as states or countries although they are not
formally recognized as states.

•Formal colonies and possessions still exist; their

status may change in the future. (Puerto Rico –
US, Bermuda (British), Martinique (French),
Falkland Islands (British), and Guam (US).
SPECIFIC FACTORS BEHIND THE EMERGENCE OF
GLOBAL GOVERNANCE
•Declining power of nation-states
•Growing porosity of state
borders (economic and social)
•Mass migration of people and
their entry into various states
•Global problems that single
nation-state cannot hope to
tackle on their own
 INTERNATIONAL
SYSTEM
• The set of
relationships among
world’s states,
structured according
to patterns of
interaction and
certain rules which
are either implicit or Image from: currentaffairs.nerdishak.com

explicit.
 NONSTATE ACTORS (TRANSNATIONAL ACTORS)
TYPE WHO ARE THEY? EXAMPLES
IGOs (Intergovernmental Members are UN, NATO, EU,
Organizations) national Arab League,
governments ASEAN
NGOs Members are Amnesty
(Nongovernmental individuals and International,
Organizations) groups Red Cross
MNCs (Multinational Companies that McDonald’s,
Corporations) span borders Toyota, Nestle
 NONSTATE ACTORS (TRANSNATIONAL ACTORS)
TYPE WHO ARE THEY EXAMPLES
Others Individuals, Cities, Bono, Iraqi
Constituencies, etc. Kurdistan, al Qaeda

• IGOs and NGOs together make up International

Organizations (IOs)
Institutions that Govern International Relations
United Nations (UN)
Leading political
organization in the world
where nation-states meet
and deliberate its central
mission to maintain
international peace and
security
Peace and security are maintained by
working to prevent conflict; helping
parties in conflict make peace;
peacekeeping; and creating the
conditions to allow peace to hold and
flourish.
United Nations, 2011
Institutions that Govern International Relations
NATO
A post war military alliance
of 28 countries bordering
the North Atlantic Ocean
which includes Canada, the
United States and most
members of the European
Union
 Global Social Movements
Social
Movements Spontaneous movements of
people/ enormous grassroots
organization

Most of the time they are not seen as threat but

they definitely challenge state sovereignty.
International Non-governmental Organizations (NGOs)
Red Cross/ Red Crescent
A post-war NGO which
provides emergency relief
such as food, water, and
medical supplies during
disasters and wars
 A global environmental
organisation, consisting of
Greenpeace International
(Stichting Greenpeace Council)
in Amsterdam, and 26
independent national and
regional offices across the
Vancouver, Canada, 1971
world covering operations in
more than 55 countries.
International Non-governmental Organizations (NGOs)
• Doctors Without Borders – provides free
emergency healthcare in disaster areas
• Oxfam – fights famine and disease
• Amnesty International – speaks out for human
rights and political prisoners
• Save the Children – helps kids get health care
and education
 Challenges of Globalization to Governments
•Traditional Challenges (invasion)
•Challenges from National/ Identity Movements
(Christian and Muslim Filipinos, ISIS)
•Global economics (demanding the states to
conform to the rules of free-market capitalism)
•Global social movements (human rights
movement, environmental movements,
women’s right)
Core Principles in Solving Collective Goods Problem
DOMINANCE PRINCIPLE
• Establishing a power
hierarchy in which those at
the top control those below
• Symbolic acts of submission
and dominance reinforce
hierarchy
• Hegemonic state (U.S.)
Permanent member-
state of the UN
Security Council:
1. U.S.
2. Russia
3. France
4. China
5. United Kingdom
Core Principles in Solving Collective Goods Problem
RECIPROCITY PRINCIPLE
• solves the problem by
rewarding or punishing
behavior that pursues self
interest at the expense of
the group
Core Principles in Solving Collective Goods Problem
IDENTITY PRINCIPLE
• does not rely on self-interest
• members of an identity
community care about the
interests of others in the
community enough to
sacrifice their own interests
to benefit others
• relied by non-state actors
 Principle Advantages Drawbacks
Dominance Order, Stability, Oppression,
Predictability Resentment
Reciprocity Incentives for Downwards
mutual spirals, Complex
cooperation Accounting
Identity Sacrifice for Demonizing an
Group, Redefine out-group
Interest
 Group Activity
Global Governance in Action: International Peace and
Security and the Anti-Nuclear Weapon Proliferation
“Nuclear
weapon
possession
by other
states
could
promote
world
peace.”
 Group Activity
Global Governance in Action: International Peace and
Security and the Anti-Nuclear Weapon Proliferation
•What are the steps taken to address nuclear
weapon proliferation?
•What are the agencies involved in the anti-
nuclear weapon proliferation?
•Identify the underlying principle in solving
collective goods problem in each steps taken.
 Why is globalization a
feature of the contemporary
world, where in fact people
were already connected
even in the past?
GLOBALIZATION
AND
GLOBALISM
 Globalism Globalization
-Network of -linkages, connections,
connections that and interrelatedness
transcend distances of things, people, and
of different countries
countries in the -the increase or
world decline in the degree
(length of linkages) of globalism (speed)
 Globalism Globalization
- Thin or not intense - Globalism becomes
connection increasingly thick
Four distinct dimensions of globalism, (Nye, 2002)

Economic

Military

Environment

Social
Societies in the world have always been
connected; what makes the contemporary
world different from the past is the type and
speed of connection that people and societies
experience.
Informationalism

The technological paradigm,

associated with computer
science and modern
telecommunication
 Global
citizenship
Moral and ethical disposition
that can guide the
understanding of individuals
or groups of local and global
contexts, and remind them of
their relative responsibilities
within various communities
 Towards Being a Responsive Global Citizen:
Online Volunteering

Search on the net for unv.com (United Nations

Volunteering Program) and sign up for volunteering
activities.