1.

Classify the changes involved in the following processes as physical or chemical changes:

a. Photosynthesis
b. Dissolving sugar in water
c. Burning of coal
d. Melting of wax
e. Beating aluminium to make aluminium foil
f. Digestion of food

Sol. a. Chemical change

b. Physical change
c. Chemical change
d. Physical change
e. Physical change
f. Chemical change.

2(1). Cutting a log of wood into pieces is a chemical change.

1) True
2) False

Sol. 2) False
False

2(2). Formation of manure from leaves is a physical change.

1) True
2) False

Sol. 2) False
Formation of manure from leaves is a chemical change.

2(3). Iron pipes coated with zinc do not get rusted easily.
1) True
2) False

Sol. 1) True
True

2(4). Iron and rust are the same substances.

1) True
2) False

Sol. 2) False
False

2(5). Condensation of steam is not a chemical change.

1) True
2) False
Sol. 1) True

True

3(1). When carbon dioxide is passed through lime water, it turns milky due to the formation of ________.

Sol 1. Calcium carbonate

3(2). The chemical name of baking soda is _________.

Sol 1. Sodium hydrogen carbonate

3(3). Two methods by which rusting of iron can be prevented are ________ and ________.

Sol 1. Galvanization, Painting

Sol 2. Painting, Galvanization
Sol 3. Galvanisation, Painting
Sol 4. Painting, Galvanisation

3(4). Changes in which only ________ properties of a substance change are called physical changes.

Sol 1. Physical

3(5). Changes in which new substances are formed are called ________ changes.

Sol 1. Chemical

4. When baking soda is mixed with lemon juice, bubbles are formed with the evolution of a gas. What type of change is it?
Explain.

Sol.

The reaction between baking soda and lemon juice can be given as below:
Lemon juice (citric acid) + Baking soda (sodium hydrogen carbonate) Carbon dioxide
(bubbles) + lime water.
Since a new substance is formed in this reaction, it is a chemical change.

5. When a candle burns, both physical and chemical changes take place. Identify these changes. Give another example of a
process in which both chemical and physical changes take place.

Sol. When a candle burns, both physical and chemical changes occur as given below :
(i) Physical change : Melting of wax, vapourisation of melted wax.
(ii) Chemical change : Burning of the vapours of wax to given carbon dioxide, heat and
light.
 Another such example is the burning of LPG in our kitchen. A physical change occurs
when LPG comes out of cylinder and is converted from liquid to gaseous state and a
chemical change occurs when this gas burns in air.

6. How would you show that the setting of curd is a chemical change?

Sol. Once the curd is formed, milk cannot be re-obtained from it. Also, both milk and curd have
different properties. since these are the properties of a chemical change, setting of curd is
a chemical change.

7. Explain why burning of wood and cutting it into small pieces are considered as two different types of changes.

Sol. Burning of wood is a chemical change because in burning new substances are formed as
given below :
Wood + oxygen → Coal + carbon dioxide + heat + light.
On the other hand, cutting wood into small pieces is a physical change because by cutting
we can only reduce the size of the log of wood. There is no change in its chemical
properties and no new substance is formed.

8. Describe how crystals of copper sulphate are prepared?

Sol. We can prepare the crystals of copper sulphate by following activity : Take a cupful of
water in a beaker and add a few drops of dilute sulphuric acid. Heat the water. When it
starts boiling add copper sulphate powder slowly while stirring continuously. Continue
adding copper sulphate powder till no more powder can be dissolved. Filter the solution.
Allow it to cool. Do not disturb the solution when it is cooling. After some time, you may
see the crystals of copper sulphate. If not, wait for some more time.

9. Explain how painting of an iron gate prevents it from rusting?

Sol. We know that for rusting the presence of both oxygen and water (or moisture) is essential.
Painting prevents the surface of iron gate from coming in contact with oxygen and
moisture, thus preventing it from rusting.

10. Explain why rusting of iron objects is faster in coastal areas than in deserts.

Sol. Rusting of iron occurs only if iron comes in contact with moist air. In coastal areas, air
contains high percentage of moisture because of sea or ocean, while in deserts air is dry
and hot. As the percentage of moisture in air is more in coastal area compared to desert,
rusting becomes faster.

11. The gas we use in the kitchen is called liquified petroleum gas (LPG). In the cylinder it exists as a liquid. When it comes
out from the cylinder it becomes a gas (Process-A). Then the gas burns (Process-B). The following statements pertain to
these changes. Choose the correct one:
(i) Process-A is a chemical change
 (ii) Process-B is a chemical change
(iii) Both processes A and B are chemical changes.
(iv) None of these processes is a chemical change.

Sol. Both processes A and B are chemical changes.

12. Anaerobic bacteria digest animal waste and produce biogas (Process-A). The biogas is then burnt as fuel (Process-B).
The following statements pertain to these changes. Choose the correct one:
(i) Process-A is a chemical change.
(ii) Process-B is a chemical change.
(iii) Both processes A and B are chemical changes.
(iv) None of these processes is a chemical change.

Sol. Both processes A and B are chemical changes.