Abnormal Psychology Perspectives 5th Edition Dozois Test Bank

Abnormal Psychology Perspectives 5th
Edition Dozois Test Bank

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CHAPTER 10
Eating Disorders
Multiple-Choice Questions:
1) An objective food binge is defined by the DSM-5 as eating a

A) small amount of food and feeling not in control.
B) small amount of food in a specific time period.
C) large amount of food in a specific time period.
D) normal amount of food in a specific time period.
E) large amount of food but feeling in control.
Answer: C
Diff: 1 Type: MC Page Ref: 235
Skill: Conceptual
2) The “escape from self-awareness model” of Bulimia Nervosa posits that

offer an escape from .
A) self-induced vomiting behaviors; thoughts and feelings of guilt regarding binge-eating
B) binge-eating episodes; thoughts and feelings about perceived failures
C) caloric restriction and exercise; self-awareness
D) use of laxatives; feelings of guilt about over-eating
E) binge-eating episodes; guilt regarding purging behaviors
Answer: B
Skill: Conceptual
3) Unlike anorexics, bulimics

A) suffer from social isolation and depression.
B) engage in compensatory behaviours designed to prevent weight gain.
C) use weight and shape information as their primary method of self-evaluation.
D) have low self-esteem.
E) are typically within the normal weight range.
Answer: E
Skill: Factual
4) Recent research suggests that since the 1970s, the prevalence of eating disorders:
A) has increased for all types of eating disorders.
B) has increased, but only for 20-30 year olds.
C) has decreased among women but increased among men.
D) has decreased among men but increased among women.
E) has increased and stabilized, most clearly for anorexia nervosa.
Answer: E
Skill: Factual/Conceptual
5) The incidence of a disorder, such as anorexia nervosa, refers to

whereas the prevalence refers to the .
A) number of new cases in a given year; number of people who have the condition
B) number of people who have the condition; number of new cases in a given year
C) number of people who are treated for a condition; number of people believed to have
the disorder
D) number of people believed to have the disorder; number of people who are treated for
a condition
E) number of people treated and cured; number of people afflicted by a disorder
Answer: A
Skill: Application
6) It has been found that has the highest prevalence, followed by

and .
A) Eating Disorder – NOS; Anorexia; Bulimia
B) Eating Disorder – NOS; Bulimia Nervosa; Anorexia
C) Bulimia; Anorexia; ED-NOS
D) Bulimia; ED-NOS; Anorexia
E) Anorexia; Bulimia; ED-NOS
Answer: B
Skill: Factual
7) With regard to treatment of eating disorders, research has found that:

A) less than 10% of persons affected receive treatment
B) one third of persons with anorexia and 10% of persons with bulimia receive mental
health care
C) most persons affected are receiving adequate mental health care
D) about half of persons affected by eating disorders receive treatment
Answer: B
Skill: Factual
8) The most common eating disorder is

A) bulimia nervosa.
B) bulimia nervosa, purging type.
C) eating disorder not otherwise specified.
D) anorexia nervosa, restricting type.
E) anorexia nervosa.
Answer: C
Skill: Factual
9) disorders have the highest mortality rates of all of the psychiatric

disorders.
A) Anxiety
B) Substance-related
C) Eating
D) Psychophysiological
E) Mood
Answer: C
Skill: Factual
10) A study that followed women treated for eating disorders 9 years found relapse rates
of about:
A) one third
B) 25%
C) 11% for anorexia and 25% for bulimia
D) one half
E) 65%
Answer: A
Skill: Factual
11) When studies of persons treated and untreated for existing bulimia are combined, it
appears that:
A) many patients recover with no treatment
B) more patients recover after receiving treatment that exhibit spontaneous recovery
without treatment
C) treatment does not appear to be necessary or even useful for some people
D) for some subgroups, recovery rates are quite low for both treated and untreated groups
E) most women do not cross diagnostic categories of eating disorder
Answer: B
Skill: Factual
12) In the DSM-5, one feature of anorexia nervosa is refusal to maintain at least
of expected body weight.
A) 15%
B) 35%
C) 85%
D) 25%
E) 50%
Answer: C
Skill: Factual
13) Susan is 16 years old and she is afraid of gaining weight and getting fat. Susan is very
dissatisfied with her body and she often tries to lose weight through fad diets and
exercise. It would be difficult to determine her diagnosis because
A) it is hard to determine whether she meets the DSM-5 criteria.
B) Susan could have any one of a number of eating disorders.
C) Susan is still too young to have an eating disorder.
D) Susan's symptoms are not extreme.
E) it is difficult to determine whether she is successful at losing weight.
Answer: E
Skill: Application
14) An anorexic who counts calories and carefully controls what she eats would be
considered what subtype of anorexia nervosa?
A) rigid type
B) caloric type
C) binge/purge type
D) controlling type
E) restricting type
Answer: E
Skill: Factual
15) What difference is found in the binge/purge type and the restricting type of anorexia
nervosa?
A) binge eating or purging behaviour
B) rigidly controlled diet
C) use of laxatives to get rid of unwanted calories
D) excessive exercise to burn off calories
E) there is no difference between the two subtypes
Answer: A
Skill: Factual
16) Why is the distinction between the two subtypes of anorexia nervosa so important?
A) different causes of the two types are known to researchers
B) different psychological consequences associated with the binge/purge type
C) the binge/purge subtype is associated with fewer impulsive behaviours
D) poorer long-term prognosis for the binge/purge subtype
E) one type tends to affect younger women, and one older women
Answer: C
Skill: Factual
17) What criteria does the diad-5 use to define a binge?

A) consumption of more food than most people would consume at one time; feeling out
of control
B) consumption of at least 1000 Calories at one sitting
C) consumption of over 1000 Calories at one time; majority from sweets or
carbohydrates
D) a sense of lack of control over thoughts of eating more food than most people would
consume at one time
E) consumption of more food than most people would consume within a one-month
period
Answer: A
18) What does it mean to say that bulimics engage in recurrent compensatory behavior?
A) Bulimics fast or exercise to excess.
B) Bulimics engage in self-induced vomiting.
C) Bulimics misuse laxatives, diuretics, or enemas.
D) All of the above are recurrent compensatory behaviors.
E) Only B and C are recurrent compensatory behaviors.
Answer: B
Skill: Factual
19) The main difference between binge eating disorder and bulimia is
A) men are generally diagnosed with binge eating disorder and women are diagnosed
with bulimia.
B) those suffering from binge eating disorder binge more often.
C) binge eating disorder does not involve a sense of lack of control.
D) the amount of calories consumed per binge is higher in bulimia.
E) sufferers of binge eating disorder do not engage in compensatory behaviours.
Answer: E
Skill: Factual
20) One example of a structured interview used to evaluate features and issues related to
eating disorders is
A) Symptom Checklist 90.
B) Beck Depression Inventory.
C) Eating Disorder Examination.
D) Eating Disorder Inventory.
E) Anorexia and Bulimia Checklist.
Answer: C
Skill: Factual
21) Lanugo refers to

A) the lack of sexual desire among anorexic patients.
B) the fine body hair on anorexics.
C) the confusion experienced by anorexics as a result of starvation.
D) electrolyte imbalance.
E) the yellowish skin tone of anorexic patients.
Answer: B
Skill: Factual
22) Self-induced vomiting may also produce

A) heightened sensitivity to cold.
B) dry hair and hair loss.
C) Russell's sign.
D) Lanugo.
E) dry skin.
Answer: C
Skill: Factual
23) There is a relatively high rate of comorbidity in eating disorders, particularly with
A) dissociative amnesia
B) mild psychotic disorders
C) substance, mood, anxiety and personality disorders
D) dissociative and somatoform disorders
E) post-traumatic stress disorder
Answer: C
Skill: Factual
24) One complication of studying the symptoms of eating disorders is that they can
sometimes overlap with disorders.
A) personality
B) dissociative
C) arousal and physiological
D) somatoform
E) psychotic
Answer: A
Skill: Factual
25) Individuals who binge eat are more likely to exhibit comorbid
A) depressive disorder.
B) conversion disorder.
C) dissociative disorder.
D) substance abuse.
E) anxiety disorder.
Answer: D (not C as in previous edition’s TIF)

Skill: Factual
26) Individuals with anorexia and bulimia demonstrate signs of

dysregulation, supporting the role of dysfunctional neurotransmitter activity in eating
disorders.
A) serotonin
B) GABA
C) dopamine
D) ACH
E) melatonin
Answer: A
Skill: Factual
27) Evidence suggests that dieting can

A) alter brain serotonin function in women, but not in men.
B) increase GABA levels in men, but not in women.
C) diminish norepinephrine levels in women.
D) alter brain dopamine function in men and women.
E) alter overall brain activity in women.
Answer: A
Skill: Factual
28) Although the ideal woman, as depicted by the media, is getting , women
are becoming .
A) thinner; heavier
B) thinner; even more thin
C) thinner; thinner
D) heavier; thinner
E) heavier; heavier
Answer: A
Diff: 1 Type: MC Page Ref: 246 / 247
Skill: Factual
29) Why is the prevalence of eating disorders among men lower, according to the
sociocultural model?
A) there is already a match between the ideal man as portrayed by the media and the
average man
B) woman themselves prefer the look of the ideal woman as portrayed in the media
C) media does not target young men
D) men feel less pressure to conform to the sociocultural ideal body
E) culture does not have a view of the 'ideal' man
Answer: C
Skill: Conceptual
30) It has been found that eating-disordered mothers

A) are more likely to use food for nutritive purposes than non-disordered mothers.
B) are more likely to try to prevent the disorder from occurring in their children.
C) discourage dieting among their daughters.
D) do not seem as interested in their daughters' weights as non-disordered mothers.
E) do not feed their children as regularly as non-disordered mothers do.
Answer: E
Skill: Factual
31) That certain personality traits seem to contribute to the development of an eating
disorder is supported by the fact that
A) these traits tend to disappear following recovery of the eating disorder.
B) these traits tend to persist before and after an eating disorder has been diagnosed.
C) these traits are very common in women who suffer from eating disorders.
D) these traits are very present before the onset of an eating disorder but are not shown
after an eating disorder is diagnosed.
E) these traits are found exclusively in people suffering from an eating disorder.
Answer: B
Skill: Factual
32) Eating disorders are sometimes referred to as disorders.

A) not-eating
B) the hunger
C) food
D) bizarre
E) dieting
Answer: E
Skill: Conceptual
33) A study of eating-disordered patients in Toronto found that percent of

the patients reported being sexually abused.
A) 1
B) 10
C) 15
D) 20
E) 25
Answer: E
Skill: Factual
34) Research evidence suggests that history of exposure to trauma is more frequently
associated with development of an eating disorder that involves:
A) binging
B) purging
C) caloric restriction only
D) control methods only, including caloric restriction and exercise
E) binging and purging
Answer: E
Skill: Factual
35) The integrative or biopsychosocial model is illustrated by the finding that persons
who are dieting and suffer from and are most susceptible to an
eating disorder, particularly following stress or failure.
A) unstable self-esteem; precocious sexual development
B) low self-esteem; affective instability
C) late psycho-sexual development; pubertal complications
D) unstable self-esteem; peer rejection
E) peer rejection; pubertal complications
Answer: B
Skill: conceptual
36) In Garner and Garfinkel's (1980) model of eating disorders, a perpetuating factor
would be
A) social isolation.
B) transition into puberty.
C) the death of a loved one.
D) a defective gene.
E) a critical mother.
Answer: A
Skill: Conceptual
37) In Garner and Garfinkel's (1980) model of eating disorders, a precipitating factor
would be
A) complications due to purging.
B) depression.
C) dieting.
D) a biological predisposition.
E) reduced basal metabolic rate.
Answer: C
Skill: Conceptual
38) Estimates are that for every male who diagnosed with an eating disorder, there are
females with these disorders
A) 4-5
B) 20-25
C) 10-15
D) 8-10
E) 2-3
Answer: C
Skill: Factual
39) Which of the following is NOT true concerning gender and eating disorders.
A) The main features of anorexia and bulimia are similar in males and females.
B) Male patients are treated more effectively if separated from female patients.
C) It does not appear as though the symptomatology of eating disorders differs across
genders.
D) Males with eating disorders exhibit much more psychiatric comorbidity than females.
E) The treatment response of males is similar to that of female patients.
Answer: B
Skill: Factual
40) Within non-clinical populations, there is evidence that

A) males are more likely to perceive themselves as overweight.
B) males are more likely to be on diets.
C) females are more satisfied with their weight than males.
D) males are disproportionately affected by weight and shape concerns.
E) males would like to increase their weight, whereas females would like to lose weight.
Answer: E
Skill: Conceptual
41) Which of the following statements is true?

A) Heterosexual males are more likely than homosexual males to be preoccupied with
their body size and shape.
B) Homosexual females are more likely than heterosexual females to be preoccupied with
C) Homosexual females are more likely than homosexual males to be preoccupied with
D) Heterosexual females are more likely than homosexual females to be preoccupied
with their body size and shape.
E) Homosexual males are more likely than heterosexual males to be preoccupied with
Answer: E
Skill: Factual
42) Bulimia nervosa has been treated with medication with some success
A) antipsychotic
B) antidepressant
C) bicyclic
D) antianxiety
E) over the counter
Answer: B
Skill: Factual
43) Which of the following is true with respect to biological treatments for anorexia?
A) No medication for treating anorexia nervosa have been successful
B) Anti-anxiety medication is successful in treating many of the symptoms
C) Antipsychotic medication is successful in treating many of the symptoms
D) Medications with CBT are effective at treating the symptoms
E) Antidepressant medication is successful in treating many of the symptoms
Answer: A
Skill: Factual
44) The goal of the first stage of cognitive-behaviour therapy for bulimia involves which
of the following?
A) convincing the patient to accept medication as the primary treatment so that therapy
can follow
B) focusing on strategies for maintaining change and preventing relapse
C) a continued focus on establishing normalized eating
D) identifying and modifying dysfunctional thoughts and beliefs
E) establishing some degree of control over eating
Answer: E
Skill: Conceptual
45) Interpersonal therapy for eating disorders differs from cognitive-behaviour therapy in
which of the following ways?
A) It does not directly target eating-disordered attitudes and behaviours.
B) It focuses on identifying and modifying dysfunctional thoughts and beliefs.
C) It encourages that patient to use self-monitoring to help patients normalize their
eating.
D) It uses psychoeducation about normalized eating.
E) It teaches problem-solving skills.
Answer: A
46) In studies that have compared interpersonal therapy with CBT, it has been found that
A) interpersonal therapy produced effects equal to CBT at follow up, but CBT was better
at the conclusion of treatment.
B) interpersonal therapy produced long term effects equal to CBT, and was as equally
good at the conclusion of treatment.
C) interpersonal therapy works much more quickly than CBT.
D) interpersonal therapy produced effects inferior to CBT, but was better at the
conclusion of treatment.
E) interpersonal therapy produced effects inferior to CBT.
Answer: A
47) Research has shown that the most effective type of treatment for bulimia nervosa is
A) SSRIs.
B) interpersonal therapy.
C) group therapy.
D) cognitive-behavioural therapy.
E) supportive psychotherapy.
Answer: D
Skill: Factual
48) Probably the most important first step in the treatment of anorexia nervosa is
A) family therapy.
B) nutritional management.
C) interpersonal therapy.
D) individual psychotherapy.
E) forced feeding.
Answer: B
49) One therapy that has received some empirical support in the treatment of anorexia
nervosa is therapy
A) cognitive-behavioural
B) interpersonal
C) pharmacological
D) family
E) nutritional
Answer: D
Skill: Factual
50) Family therapy for eating disorders appears to have greater effectiveness for:
A) adults
B) adolescents
C) males
D) females
E) all patients
Answer: B
Skill: Factual
51) The Maudsley approach initially attempts to focus on:

A) disorted body image
B) overcontrolling mothers
C) excessive exercise
D) weight gain and eating
E) binging and purging
Answer: D
Skill: Factual
52) Prevention programs aim to reduce the incidence of eating disorders primarily by:
A) behaviorally reinforcing healthy eating practices
B) reducing the incidence of depressogenic cognitions in high risk populations
C) providing counseling support for incidents that could trigger ED-related behaviors
D) educating children about the dangers of purging
E) decreasing internalization of the cultural ideal
Answer: E
Skill: Factual
53) and both include low self-esteem, use of weight and

shape as a primary source of self-evaluation, and some type of behavior aimed at
controlling weight
A) Anorexia and Eating Disorder - NOS
B) Bulimia and Eating Disorder - NOS
C) Bulimia and Anorexia
D) Anorexia and Binge Eating Disorder
E) Bulimia and Binge Eating Disorder
Answer: C
Skill: Factual
54) Findings that only small distinctions often separate individuals in different diagnostic
categories and that many people move from one diagnostic category to another support
the view and approach to diagnosing eating disorders
A) categorical
B) dynamic
C) spectrum
D) inter-dependent
E) multiple assessment
Answer: C
Skill: Conceptual
True / False Questions:
55) In the Middle Ages, refusal to eat and fear of gaining weight were looked down upon
and associated with witchcraft.
A) True
B) False
Answer: B
Diff: 2 Type: TF Page Ref: 234
Skill: Factual
56) Bulimia nervosa was first identified and named in the 1970s.
A) True
B) False
Answer: A
Skill: Factual
57) People with anorexia usually develop a list of “feared” foods.

A) True
B) False
Answer: A
Skill: Factual
58) Anorexics do not engage in purging behaviour to maintain weight-loss.

A) True
B) False
Answer: B
Skill: Factual
59) The anorexic disturbance in body image is often linked to low self-esteem.
A) True
B) False
Answer: A
Skill: Factual
60) Bulimics are typically within the normal weight range.

A) True
B) False
Answer: A
Skill: Factual
61) Social withdrawal, irritability, preoccupation with food and depression appear to be
effects rather than causes of anorexia.
A) True
B) False
Answer: A
Skill: Factual
62) Anorexia and bulimia are similar in that both involve weight and shape as a primary
source of self-evaluation, have low self-esteem, and involve some type of behavior aimed
at affecting or controlling weight.
A) True
B) False
Answer: A
Skill: Factual
63) Persons with anorexia fear weight gain for aesthetic reasons resulting from media
transmission of the “thin ideal” body type.
A) True
B) False
Answer: B
Skill: Factual
64) Regardless of the type of treatment used, relapse is common in the case of anorexia
nervosa.
A) True
B) False
Answer: A
Skill: Factual
65) The restricting type of anorexia nervosa is associated with a poorer long-term
prognosis.
A) True
B) False
Answer: B
Skill: Factual
66) Body dissatisfaction is more central to the diagnosis of bulimia than anorexia.
A) True
B) False
Answer: A
Skill: Factual
67) Some researchers believe that binge eating disorder is really a subtype of bulimia.
A) True
B) False
Answer: A
Skill: Factual
68) Purging behavior in anorexia or bulimia is believed to constitute more severe

pathology than other forms of these eating disorders.
A) True
B) False
Answer: A
Skill: Factual
69) Depressive disorder can involve severe weight loss or over-eating but will NOT
include over-concern regarding weight or inappropriate compensatory behaviors.
A) True
B) False
Answer: A
Skill: Factual
70) Women who otherwise meet criteria for anorexia but who are menstruating and/or
who have body weight above 85% of expected appear to constitute a distinctly different
group in terms of demographics, illness history, psychopathology and treatment response.
A) True
B) False
Answer: B
Skill: Factual
71) The Eating Disorder Examination has been found to have poor reliability and
validity.
A) True
B) False
Answer: B
Skill: Factual
72) Individuals who binge eat are less likely to exhibit comorbid substance abuse.
A) True
B) False
Answer: B
Skill: Factual
73) Reduced serotonin transporter density has been associated with BOTH anorexia and
bulimia.
A) True
B) False
Answer: A
Skill: Factual
74) The neurotransmitter dopamine has been shown to be related to eating disorders.
A) True
B) False
Answer: B
Skill: Factual
75) Men are more likely than women to be affected by media images of the ideal body
type.
A) True
B) False
Answer: B
Skill: Factual
76) Perfectionism is a personality trait found in patients with eating disorders.

A) True
B) False
Answer: A
Skill: Factual
77) Impulsivity is associated with anorexia and bulimia.

A) True
B) False
Answer: B
Skill: Factual
78) Chronic dieters are at significant risk of developing an eating disorder.

A) True
B) False
Answer: B
Skill: Factual
79) Few sufferers of eating disorders have reported early sexual abuse.
A) True
B) False
Answer: B
Skill: Factual
80) Homosexual men and women are at a greater risk for developing eating disorders.
A) True
B) False
Answer: B
Skill: Factual
81) Both older tricyclics and newer serotonin reuptake inhibitors have been shown to be
highly successful in the long-term treatment of bulimia.
A) True
B) False
Answer: B
Skill: Factual
82) Cognitive-behavioural therapy reduces binging and purging behavior by up to 90%,

with around half of patients stopping bingeing and purging completely.
A) True
B) False
Answer: A
Skill: Factual
83) Interpersonal therapy has shown similar long-term outcome results as cognitive-
behavioral therapy in the treatment of bulimia nervosa.
A) True
B) False
Answer: A
Skill: Factual
Essay Questions:
84) List and briefly describe the DSM-5 criteria for the diagnosis of anorexia nervosa.
Answer: The DSM-5 diagnostic criteria for Anorexia Nervosa includes:

1) Refusal to maintain a minimal body weight for age and height (generally considered
body weight less than 85% of expected body weight).
2) Intense fear of gaining weight or becoming fat, even when underweight.
3) Disturbance in the experience of body weight and shape, sense of self-worth highly
influenced by body weight and shape, and denial of the serious consequences of low
body weight.
4) The presence of behaviour that interferes with weight gain.
Diff: 1 Type: ES Page Ref: 225

Skill: Factual
85) Compare and contrast the two subtypes of anorexia nervosa.
Answer: DSM-5 subtypes anorexia nervosa into the restricting type and the binge
eating/purging type. Approximately half of anorexics belong to either subtype. In the
restricting type, low weight is maintained by a rigidly controlled diet and a very low
intake of food. In the binge eating/purging type, restraint breaks down regularly and
bingeing occurs. Self-induced vomiting, abuse of laxatives, diuretics, and enemas are
used to maintain low body weight and to rid the body of calories. In both subtypes,
excessive exercise is used to burn off unwanted calories. Although both subtypes are in
the same diagnostic category, the distinction between them is important for treatment
purposes. There is evidence that the binge-purge subtype is associated with more
impulsive behaviours, such as substance abuse, stealing, self-mutilation and suicidal
ideation. Treatment outcome studies have shown that the binge-purge subtype has a
poorer long-term prognosis.

Skill: Factual
86) Describe the DSM-5 criteria for bulimia nervosa and specify the two subtypes.
Answer: The DSM-5 diagnostic criteria for Bulimia Nervosa are:

1) Recurrent episodes of binge eating. Binge eating is characterized by
a) the amount of food consumed in a set period of time must be definitely larger than
what most people would eat in a similar period under similar circumstances;
b) a feeling of being out of control over eating (the person feels that she cannot stop
eating or cannot control what she is eating).
2) Recurrent compensatory behaviour to prevent weight gain (i.e., self-induced vomiting,
use of laxatives, diuretics, or enemas, fasting, or excessive exercise). Those who use
mainly vomiting or use of laxatives, etc. to prevent weight gain are classified as the
purging sub-type, while those who fast or exercise to excess are classified as the non-
purging sub-type.
3) The binge eating and purging must occur at least once a week for three months.
4) The person's self-evaluations must be unduly influenced by concerns about body-
weight and shape. Body image disturbance consists of a perceptual as well as an
attitudinal component (body image distortion and body image dissatisfaction).
5) The disturbance must not occur exclusively during episodes of anorexia nervosa.

Skill: Factual
87) Discuss the medical consequences of eating disorders.
Answer: Eating disorders have various serious medical consequences. Due to starvation,
the skin of anorexic patients becomes yellowish in colour and they grow fine body hair
called lanugo. Eating-disordered patients who purge by vomiting develop serious dental
problems due to the acidic content from the stomach. Dehydration occurs, particularly in
those who purge, causing dry skin and hair. As well, the purging depletes the body of
potassium and chloride, leading to electrolyte imbalance. Electrolyte imbalance affects
renal, bowel, and brain functioning, as well as cardio-vascular functioning.
Gastrointestinal problems are common; vomiting can cause a swelling of the salivary
glands, perforations of the esophageal area and delayed gastric emptying can occur,
constipation is common, especially in laxative abusers. Gastric dilation may occur in
those who binge and purge, which can result in rupture of the stomach and spillage into
the body cavity. This occurrence is often fatal. Amenorrhea (failure to menstruate) or
irregular menstruation is common among eating-disordered patients, particularly
anorexics. Males with anorexia nervosa often suffer a loss of sexual interest and potency.
Finally, eating disorders (anorexia nervosa in particular) are associated with osteoporosis
(bone loss) due to lack of calcium and low calcium absorption.
Diff: 2 Type: ES Page Ref: 229-230

Skill: Factual
88) Using the Keys study as an example, discuss how many of the symptoms of dieting
are the same as those found in individuals with eating disorders.
Answer: The majority of cases of eating disorders are preceded by restrictive dieting.
Garner and colleagues pointed to the Keys et al. (1950) study to show that there are many
similarities between people placed on a semi-starvation diet and those with eating
disorders. Keys placed 36 young men on a diet of half the calories they normally
consumed (around 1200) and they lost around 25 percent of their body weight. After 3
months, they were re-fed and permitted to regain weight. During the weight loss period,
the men became obsessed with food, and experienced intense hunger and cravings. During
the re-feeding period, the men often binged and had abnormal eating patterns. These men
also experienced depression, anger, irritability, and suffered social problems. Eating
disordered individuals often experience similar symptoms of low self-esteem, depressed
mood, feelings of failure, and stress. A prospective study of school-girls showed that
dieters were eight times more likely to develop an eating disorder than non-dieters.

Skill: Application
89) In chapter 3, it is argued that a perfect diagnostic system classifies disorders on the
basis of symptoms, etiology, prognosis and treatment response. Based on this principle,
state why the Eating Disorders are properly grouped together within their diagnostic
category.
Answer: The Eating Disorders are united by several common threads in terms of
symptoms, etiology, prognosis and/or response to treatment. Individuals with Bulimia
and Anorexia each have their unique symptoms, but also have general features that
overlap, including that such persons use their weight and shape as a primary sources of
self-evaluation, have low self-esteem, and engage in some type of behavior aimed at
reducing weight. Eating Disorder – NOS encompasses all the eating disorders that do not
meet full criteria for anorexia or bulimia but which share symptom profiles that overlap
with AN and/or BN. Research has found that people diagnosed at one time with an ED
can meet criteria for other ED’s over time. There is evidence to suggest a developmental
progression for some persons with bulimia that begins with the caloric restricting
behaviors characteristic of anorexia. Genetic studies find a pattern of familial risk for
ED’s in general rather than for specific ED’s. Serotonergic dysfunction also appears to
be associated with ED’s in general rather than a specific ED –although antidepressant
medication has been surprisingly ineffective with anorexia (thus suggesting an important
division within the ED category). Socio-cultural factors and distorted cognitions
presumably play a similar role in the way that shape and weight are over-valued by
persons with AN and BN. Fairburn and colleagues have in fact argued that all the ED’s
have similar underlying psychopathological processes and maintaining factors and for
this reason can be treated using similar CBT interventions. At this point, the evidence for
CBT with anorexia has been limited but preliminary findings suggest Fairburn’s
enhanced CBT will be effective for all Eating Disorders.

Skill: Application
90) The chapter informs us that the DSM-5 combines the Eating Disorders with Feeding
disorders. Based upon the principal that a diagnostic system should classify on the basis
of symptoms, etiology, prognosis and response to treatment, argue against merging
Feeding and Eating Disorders.
Answer: The Eating Disorders are united by several threats in terms of symptoms,
etiology, prognosis and/or response to treatment. In terms of symptoms, AN and BN are
united by general features of use of weight and shape as a primary source of self-
evaluation, and the presence of some type of behavior aimed at controlling weight. The
inclusion of Feeding Disorders into the ED category would introduce disorders that have
superficial resemblance to the Eating Disorders – in that maladaptive eating behaviors are
involved – but very little else in common with the Eating disorders. For example
neither Pica nor avoidant-restrictive food intake Disorder involve dissatisfaction with
body shape / weight or any intentional behavior aimed at controlling weight. Social-
cultural and cognitive factors that play a role in the shape/weight dissatisfaction are not
related to any of the current Feeding Disorders. It is very unlikely that appropriate
treatments for Feeding Disorders would bear any resemblance to the treatments for
Eating Disorders. Overall, the inclusion of Feeding Disorders with the Eating Disorders
category would be based on a superficial resemblance and would not seem to help the
DSM progress in terms of its own goals.

Skill: Factual / Application
91) Briefly describe the types of treatments that have been used for bulimia nervosa.
Answer: Many well-controlled treatment outcome studies for bulimia nervosa have been
conducted. The two treatments that have received the most attention are anti-depressant
medication and cognitive-behavioural therapy.
Both older tricyclics (such as imipramine) and serotonin reuptake inhibitors (such as
fluoxetine) have been found to relieve symptoms significantly more than placebo.
However, these outcome studies tend to be short-term, and evidence suggests that there is
a high relapse rate, particularly after medication is discontinued.
Cognitive-behavioural therapy has received much empirical support. The first phase of
treatment emphasizes educating patients about the disorder and interrupting the binge-
purge cycle. Patients learn to normalize eating in order to reduce hunger. During the
second phase of treatment, patients are taught to challenge their negative thoughts
regarding body image. The third phase of treatment focuses on coping, problem-solving,
and relapse prevention. Cognitive-behavioural therapy has been shown to be more
effective than antidepressant medication, behavioural treatment, supportive
psychotherapy, and stress-management therapy.

Skill: Factual
92) Research presented in the chapter suggests a shift in the ideal female body presented
by the media, such that the women presented are now extremely thin AND extremely
toned (Grogan, 2008). Homan (2010) found that internalizing athletic ideal predicted
change in compulsive exercise whereas internalizing the thin ideal predicted changes in
exercise, body dissatisfaction and dieting. State the main points of an integrative, or
biopsychosocial etiological model and discuss the results of Homan (2010) in terms of an
integrative model: how might such a shift in the media change Eating Disorders?
Answer: The biopsychosocial model posits that eating disorders are multifactorial and
that no single factor would produce an eating disorder in an individual. Biological
predispositions (genetic, hormonal, pubertal), psychological factors (self-esteem,
personality variables), social-cultural factors (e.g., relationship and abuse history,
standard and social media, peer social processes, family factors, social pressures to be
thin) interact to produce the conditions where an eating disorder is likely to develop – for
example an adolescent dieter with low self-esteem and affective instability. This shift in
media presentation of the “ideal female” introduces a change in social-cultural factors.
The extent to which this shift will be received, incorporated, and transmitted remains to
be seen and if we assume it will be perpetuated, the nature and extent of the impact upon
vulnerable persons is hard to predict. The new “ideal woman” may impact a slightly
different group of vulnerable persons (e.g., persons who are thin but not toned); it may
affect already-vulnerable persons with an additional standard, giving rise to additional
dysfunctional behaviors; or it may steer vulnerable persons toward certain weight-
controlling behaviors (e.g., excessive exercise) over others (e.g., purging; caloric
restriction). This social-cultural factor will interact with other factors in unpredictable
ways, resulting in several possible changes in the phenomenology of eating disorders.
Diff: 3 Type: ES Page Ref: 246, 250

Skill: Integration / Application

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Abnormal Psychology Perspectives 5th

Edition Dozois Test Bank

1) An objective food binge is defined by the DSM-5 as eating a

2) The “escape from self-awareness model” of Bulimia Nervosa posits that

3) Unlike anorexics, bulimics

5) The incidence of a disorder, such as anorexia nervosa, refers to

6) It has been found that has the highest prevalence, followed by

7) With regard to treatment of eating disorders, research has found that:

8) The most common eating disorder is

9) disorders have the highest mortality rates of all of the psychiatric

17) What criteria does the diad-5 use to define a binge?

21) Lanugo refers to

22) Self-induced vomiting may also produce

Answer: D (not C as in previous edition’s TIF)

26) Individuals with anorexia and bulimia demonstrate signs of

27) Evidence suggests that dieting can

30) It has been found that eating-disordered mothers

32) Eating disorders are sometimes referred to as disorders.

33) A study of eating-disordered patients in Toronto found that percent of

40) Within non-clinical populations, there is evidence that

41) Which of the following statements is true?

51) The Maudsley approach initially attempts to focus on:

53) and both include low self-esteem, use of weight and

True / False Questions:

57) People with anorexia usually develop a list of “feared” foods.

58) Anorexics do not engage in purging behaviour to maintain weight-loss.

60) Bulimics are typically within the normal weight range.

68) Purging behavior in anorexia or bulimia is believed to constitute more severe

76) Perfectionism is a personality trait found in patients with eating disorders.

77) Impulsivity is associated with anorexia and bulimia.

78) Chronic dieters are at significant risk of developing an eating disorder.

82) Cognitive-behavioural therapy reduces binging and purging behavior by up to 90%,

Answer: The DSM-5 diagnostic criteria for Anorexia Nervosa includes:

Diff: 1 Type: ES Page Ref: 225

Diff: 2 Type: ES Page Ref: 225

Answer: The DSM-5 diagnostic criteria for Bulimia Nervosa are:

Diff: 2 Type: ES Page Ref: 226

87) Discuss the medical consequences of eating disorders.

Diff: 2 Type: ES Page Ref: 229-230

Diff: 3 Type: ES Page Ref: 230

Diff: 3 Type: ES Page Ref: 241-252

Diff: 2 Type: ES Page Ref: 241-252

Diff: 1 Type: ES Page Ref: 237

Diff: 3 Type: ES Page Ref: 246, 250

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