NORTH SOUTH UNIVERSITY

DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL & COMPUTER ENGINEERING

LAB REPORT
Summer 2021

COURSE NAME: EEE/ETE-111L

COURSE CODE: EEE/ETE-111L.9
SECTION: 09
COURSE INSTRUCTOR: Tasmina Imam
EXPERIMENT NO: 04
EXPERIMENT NAME:

Clipper and Clamper circuits.

EXPERIMENT DATE: 14th July 2021

DATE OF SUBMISSION: 28th July 2021
GROUP NUMBER: 07
SUBMITTED TO: Tasmina Imam

SUBMITTED BY STUDENT ID SCORE

1.Mohammad Iftekhar Bin Ashraf (writer) 2013199645
2. Nuzhath Tabassum Orpaa 1931052042
3. Ahanaf Tahomid 1831920642
4. Md. Mehraj Hossain Sani 2013623043
5. Md Kamran Ahmed 2012356643
Objectives:

 Study of Clipper and Clamper circuits

Theory:i
A clipper is a circuit we use to prevent a signal exceeding a predetermined referenced voltage level in the
circuit. Clippers remove the signals which are above and below the determined voltage level.
The half-wave rectifier is an example of the simplest form of diode clipper.
There are two general categories of clippers:
1. Series clippers: Series clipper is a kind of diode clipper in which the diode is connected in series with
the load.

Figure 4.1: Simple Diode Clipper Circuit

Clipper circuit using biased diode in series: We can also clip off a certain part of an input signal below
a specified signal level by adding a DC source in series with the clipping diode. We have to add the DC
voltage source in the reverse bias condition with the diode.

Figure 4.2: Clipper Circuit Using Biased Diode

2. Parallel clippers: Parallel clipper is a kind of diode clipper in which the diode is connected in parallel
with the load.
Depending on the connection of the diode, it can clip off the input signal above 0.7 volts of the one-half
cycle.

Figure 4.3: Parallel Clipper Circuit

Clipper circuit using biased diode in parallel: It is possible to limit the output voltages to a fixed level
using a biased diode in the circuit. Using a biased diode, the output voltage signal can be limited to a
certain value depending on the biasing. These circuits work both ways. These can either clip positive or
negative and can also clip both simultaneously.

Figure 4.4: Biased Parallel Clipper Circuit

Clamper Circuit: A clamper is a circuit constructed of a diode, a resistor, and a capacitor that shifts a
waveform to a different dc level without changing the appearance of the applied signal.
 Figure 4.5: Clamper Circuit

Equipment and Components:

Serial Component Details Specification Quantity

no.

1. p-n junction diode 1N4007 4 piece

2. Resistor 10KΩ 1 piece

3. Capacitor 0.22µF, 1 piece each

10µF

4. Signal generator 1 unit

5. Trainer Board 1 unit

6. Oscilloscope 1 unit

7. Digital Multimeter 1 unit

8. Chords and wire as required

Experimental Setup:

Figure 4.6 (a): Series Clipper Circuits Figure 4.6 (b): Series Clipper Circuits
 Figure 4.7 (a): Parallel Clipper Circuits Figure 4.7 (b): Parallel Clipper Circuits

Figure 4.8 (a): Clamper circuit Figure 4.8 (b): Clamper circuit

Data and Table:

Vs = 10 Vpk-pk.

Table 01

Vo (p-p)

(Vb) Fig 4.6 Fig 4.7 Fig 4.8

(a) (b) (a) (b) (a) (b)
0 4.43Vpk-pk 4.43 Vpk-pk 5.57 Vpk-pk 5.57 Vpk-pk 10.3 Vpk-pk 10.4 Vpk-pk
1 3.42 Vpk-pk 3.42 Vpk-pk 6.57 Vpk-pk 6.57 Vpk-pk 10.3 Vpk-pk 10.3 Vpk-pk
2 2.44 Vpk-pk 2.44 Vpk-pk 7.56 Vpk-pk 7.56 Vpk-pk 10.3 Vpk-pk
10.3 Vpk-pk 10.3 Vpk-pk
2.5 1.95 Vpk-pk 1.95 Vpk-pk 8.05 Vpk-pk 8.05 Vpk-pk
Vmax= -1.6 V Vmax= 11.9 V

Vmin= -11.9 V Vmin= 1.6 V

3 1.45 Vpk-pk 1.45 Vpk-pk 8.55 Vpk-pk 8.55 Vpk-pk 10.3 Vpk-pk 10.3 Vpk-pk
4 482 mVpk-pk 482 mVpk-pk 9.52 Vpk-pk 9.52 Vpk-pk 10.3 Vpk-pk 10.3 Vpk-pk
5 1 uVpk-pk 1 uVpk-pk 10 Vpk-pk 10 Vpk-pk 10.3 Vpk-pk 10.3 Vpk-pk
Graph:

Graph 4.1(figure 4.6(a)): Series Clipper Circuit Graph 4.2: (figure4.6 (b)): Series Clipper Circuit

Graph 4.3(figure 4.7(a)): Parallel clipper circuit Graph 4.4(figure 4.7(b)): Parallel clipper circuit
 Graph 4.5(figure 4.8(a)): Clamper Circuit Graph 4.6 (figure 4.8(b)): Clamper Circuit

Result analysis and Discussion:

In this experiment, our main goal was to measure the output voltage using different Clipper and Clamper
Circuit and then we observed the output wave shapes. First of all, we created those circuits in Multisim as
like those figures of lab manual. We have used the Tektronix Oscilloscope to measure the peak to peak
voltage. In clipper and clamper circuit we have measured the peak to peak voltage for different value of
Vb (0v-5v). We have recorded Vmax and Vmin for the output wave for the clamper circuit only for Vb=2.5v.
This is how we have done the experiment successfully. Now, a clipper is a device that removes either the
positive half or negative half or both positive and negative halves of the input AC signal. In some cases, a
clipper removes a small portion of the positive half cycle or negative half cycle or both positive and
negative half cycles. Clamper circuits are constructed in a similar manner as that of clipper circuits but it
includes an extra charging element that is the capacitor in its circuitry. The combination of resistor and
capacitor in the clamper circuit is used to maintain different dc level at the output of the clamper.

Question/Answer:
1. Using values from your data table, for all the circuit diagrams plot the input-output waveforms observed
on the oscilloscope for =2.5V.

Answer:

The input-output waveforms observed on the oscilloscope for =2.5V are given below:
Waveform 4.1(Figure 4.6(a)): Series Clipper Circuit Waveform 4.2(Figure 4.6(b)): Series Clipper Circuit

Waveform 4.3(Figure 4.7(a)): Parallel clipper circuit Waveform 4.4(Figure 4.7(b)): Parallel clipper circuit

Waveform 4.5(Figure 4.8(a)): Clamper Circuit Waveform 4.6(Figure 4.8(b)): Clamper Circuit
2. For Fig 4.6 ( a & b), Fig4.7 (a & b) and Fig 4.8 (a & b) what change did you observe in the output
voltage, in procedure-4? Explain the reason behind such a change.

Answer: When Vb =2.5 V the output voltage was 1.95 Vpk-pk for Fig 4.6(a &b). After decreasing Vb to 0 V
the output voltage was 4.43 Vpk-pk for Fig 4.6(a & b) which is close to the input voltage 5 Vpk-pk. Here for
Vb = 0V, Vo is less than 5V because of the threshold voltage of the diode. The waveform becomes more
jagged for both cases. Similarly, for Fig: 4.7(a) when Vb = 0V, in the positive half cycle diode works as
forward bias and all the current flows through diode. For which the input voltage and output voltage
becomes almost equal. For Fig: 4.7(b), in the negative half cycle diode works as forward bias. The
waveform becomes smoother in that case. For Fig: 4.8(a), when Vb = 0V, diode works as forward bias and
all the current flow through the diode. Capacitor becomes fully charged. So, the output voltage becomes
almost 0V. In the negative half cycle, diode works as reverse bias and all the current flows through
resistor. So, the voltage –Vm is added with the stored voltage of the capacitor for which output voltage
becomes clamped. The exact opposite happens in Fig: 4.8(b). In that case diode works as forward bias on
the negative half cycle. The waveform becomes more jagged for both cases.

3. For Fig 4.6(a &b), Fig4.7 (a & b) and Fig 4.8 (a & b) what change did you observe in the output
voltage, In procedure-5? Explain the reason behind such a change.

Answer:

For Fig: 4.6(a & b), when Vb = 5V and max peak also 5V then for the positive & negative half cycle
respectively, by applying KVL, we can see that output voltage becomes almost 0V for both cases. The
waveform becomes much smoother in that case. For Fig: 4.7(a & b), in positive and negative half cycle
respectively, diode works as forward bias for both cases accordingly and input voltage becomes almost
equal to the output voltage. The waveform becomes more jagged in that case. For Fig: 4.8(a), in positive
half cycle, diode works as a forward bias thus when we increase Vb the clamped the output voltage
becomes lesser. When more voltage are being applied to turn on the diode and capacitor doesn’t get
sufficient amount of voltage to store within itself. The exact opposite thing happens in Fig: 4.8(b). Here
diode works as forward bias in negative half cycle. The waveform becomes smoother in both cases.

Contributions:
Name STUDENT ID Contribution
1.Mohammad Iftekhar Bin Ashraf (writer) 2013199645 Cover page, Data, Discussion and Result
Analysis, Attachment, Graph,
Question/Answer
2. Nuzhath Tabassum Orpaa 1931052042 Theory.
3. Ahanaf Tahomid 1831920642 Discussion and Result Analysis
4. Md. Mehraj Hossain Sani 2013623043 Theory, Graph, Experimental set up
5. Md Kamran Ahmed 2012356643 Components.
Attachment: Class Assignment.
Vs = 10 V(p-p).
Table 01

Vo (p-p)

Fig 4.6 Fig 4.7 Fig 4.8

(Vb) (a) (b) (a) (b) (a) (b)
0 4.43Vpk-pk 4.43 Vpk-pk 5.57 Vpk-pk 5.57 Vpk-pk 10.3 Vpk-pk 10.4 Vpk-pk
1 3.42 Vpk-pk 3.42 Vpk-pk 6.57 Vpk-pk 6.57 Vpk-pk 10.3 Vpk-pk 10.3 Vpk-pk
2 2.44 Vpk-pk 2.44 Vpk-pk 7.56 Vpk-pk 7.56 Vpk-pk 10.3 Vpk-pk
10.3 Vpk-pk 10.3 Vpk-pk
1.95 Vpk-pk 1.95 Vpk-pk 8.05 Vpk-pk 8.05 Vpk-pk
2.5 Vmax= -1.6 V Vmax= 11.9 V

Vmin= -11.9 V Vmin= 1.6 V

3 1.45 Vpk-pk 1.45 Vpk-pk 8.55 Vpk-pk 8.55 Vpk-pk 10.3 Vpk-pk 10.3 Vpk-pk
4 482 mVpk-pk 482 mVpk-pk 9.52 Vpk-pk 9.52 Vpk-pk 10.3 Vpk-pk 10.3 Vpk-pk
5 1 uVpk-pk 1 uVpk-pk 10 Vpk-pk 10 Vpk-pk 10.3 Vpk-pk 10.3 Vpk-pk

Input-output Fig 4.6 (a) Input-output Fig 4.6 (b)

 Input-output Fig 4.7 (a) Input-output Fig 4.7 (b)

Input-output Fig 4.8 (a) Input-output Fig 4.8 (b)

Figure 4.6 (a): Series Clipper Circuit

Figure 4.6 (b): Series Clipper Circuit

Figure 4.7 (a): Parallel Clipper Circuits

Figure 4.7 (b): Parallel Clipper Circuits

 Figure 4.8 (a): Clamper circuit

Figure 4.8 (b): Clamper circuit

i
Theory: Slides of SFA sir
Figures: Given lab manual