WATER DRAINAGE

SYSTEMS
GROUP 4 - AR153P - A50

PLUMBING AND SANITARY SYSTEMS

What is a Water Drainage System?

Water drainage systems are designed

to remove excess water in
development. These waters could
range anywhere from rainwater,
floodwater, and even simple runoffs.
These systems could also effectively
remove wastewater. In doing so, an
establishment or place with a proper
drainage system can drastically
reduce the instances of extreme
flooding.
How does Water Drainage System
work?
Fresh water comes from streets or other water
sources like a well, which is piped to each plumbing
fixture. Each has a drain line that is used to collect
water and waste that will flow to the main drain
system with the help of gravity. Drain lines are
plumbed with a slope to flow water freely. Vent piping
provides air pressure, to drain water flow smoothly.

In drainpipe, dirty water is collected by using traps to

seal the pipe that keeps sewer gases out of a
building. These traps have 2 kinds which are called: S
and P traps. S-traps are used in toilets and P-traps
are used in sinks, tubs, and showers.
 Properly corralling and dispersing
water runoff is important because
we need it to water our
vegetation without drowning it.
Additionally, collected water is
used to replenish a town’s
freshwater supply. The longer
water sits on a surface, the more
susceptible it is to contamination.
As such, there are a variety of
Why are water water drainage system types that
drainage systems cater a specific purpose.
important?
SURFACE DRAINAGE
SYSTEM
These types of drainage systems
remove excess water from the
surface by using ditches and
channels. Typically seen as open
drains, humps, levees, and
grassed waterways.
cast-in-place trench drain
 Placed underneath the top most
layer of soil. Sometimes referred to
as a French drain, they work at the
root level to remove excess water.
Process requires digging ditches to
install the pipes of subsurface
drains.

SUBSURFACE DRAINAGE
SYSTEM
SLOPE DRAINAGE SYSTEM
Designed specifically to allow
water to flow downwards from a
structure. Pipes are placed
pointing downwards on a slope,
which allows the excess water to
flow away from a structure
swiftly.
DOWNSPOUTS AND GUTTER
SYSTEMS
Considered to be a structure’s first
line of defense against excess
water. often drained into an
aluminum extension, buried
drainpipe, rain barrel, or other
solution. The purpose is to move
water away and route water to
other drainage systems on the
street or sidewalk. Commonly
directly connected to an Gutter systems
underground sewer line.
FIVE COMMON DRAINAGE SYSTEM ISSUES
Most drainage issues are caused by an
insufficient pitch or slope in your yard, which
prevents water runoff from being channeled
away from the house. And the problem is
frequently exacerbated by downspouts on the
property that do not pipe away rain gutter water
from the land. Clogged drains, resulting from
hair and debris accumulation, can be resolved
with a drain cleaner or by seeking a plumber's
assistance for more complex cases. Sewer line
breaks or leaks pose contamination risks,
addressed by skilled plumbers who locate the
leak, assess damage, and implement repairs
such as pipe replacement or patching.
BLOCKAGES
Clogged drains represent a common
concern experienced by property owners
at some point. These obstructions can
develop gradually, often remaining
undetected for extended periods, with the
leading causes being typically fat, hair,
and coffee grounds. It's worth noting that
timely maintenance and professional
plumbing services can help prevent these
inconveniences and ensure the smooth
functioning of your drainage system,
saving you from potential long-term issues
and expenses.
DISPLACED/OPEN JOINTS
Ground movement, often attributed to factors
like ground instability, subsidence, and rising
traffic volume, can lead to the displacement or
opening of joints in your pipes. These gaps
have the potential to permit wastewater leakage
into the vicinity, potentially causing structural
harm. Furthermore, the pipes may fracture as
they lose support, introducing new challenges.
Seeking advice from a drainage expert can help
determine the most suitable lining solution for
your specific requirements. Additionally, in
cases where only a limited section of the drain
is affected, patch liners can be employed to
address localized damage effectively.
FRACTURES & CRACKS
Pipe fractures arise from the considerable
wear and tear experienced by drain pipes, with
their presence typically concentrated near pipe
joints, although occurrences further down the
pipeline are not unheard of. These fractures
and cracks within the piping system can result
in the leakage of wastewater into the vicinity,
ultimately compromising the stability of the
ground structure. Timely detection and
professional repair of these issues are vital to
prevent potential environmental and structural
consequences, making regular pipe
maintenance a wise investment for property
owners.
 ROOT INTRUSION
Tree and plant roots tend to dig deep into the
ground looking for water, air, and nutrients.
Drainage pipes, especially sewer systems,
have plenty of these things, so roots often
sneak into any openings they find. They
usually get in through the joints in the pipes,
but sometimes they can make a hole in the
pipe itself. When this happens, it can lead to
unpleasant smells and wastewater leaking out,
which is definitely not what we want. Also,
when roots start growing inside a pipe, there's
a higher chance that stuff like tissue paper and
fats can get stuck, making the pipe flow
slower.
COLLAPSED/BROKEN SECTIONS OF PIPES
A collapsed pipe is a significant problem
because it prevents wastewater from
leaving the property, causing it to leak into
the surroundings. This, in turn, can trigger
various issues. The water may begin
seeping into the ground nearby, resulting in
dampness and mold growth on your
property's floors or walls. The spreading
water can lead to ground instability,
potentially causing subsidence or even the
formation of a sinkhole. Additionally, the
pooled water can become a magnet for
pests and rodents such as flies and rats.
HOW TO TAKE CARE OF WATER
DRAINAGE SYSTEM
Keeping the drainage system in good
condition is crucial to any building as it
plays a vital role in diverting water away
from structures and important areas like
homes.

Inadequate drainage system

maintenance can lead to structural
damage and other issues, such as pipe
leakage. To avoid such problems, it is
important to undertake more than just
routine drain cleaning.
1.CLEAN OUT GUNK REGULARLY
To maintain a healthy water drainage
system, it is important to keep the drain
clean and clear of clogs. Clogs can be
fixed using a plunger or an auger, and
pipes can be cleaned with a mixture of
dishwashing liquid and white vinegar or
enzyme-based cleaners. If a larger
problem is present, it is recommended to
call a professional and have the drainage
system inspected by an expert team at
least once every three years.
2. BE MINDFUL OF WHAT YOU FLUSH
Be conscious of the objects that are
flushed down the toilet. Only human
waste and toilet paper should be
flushed, while other objects such as
diapers, wipes, sanitary pads, paper
towels, and cat litter should be
disposed of in another way. Leftover
food should also not be thrown down
the drain as it can cause problems in
the drainage system.
3. USE YOUR GARBAGE DISPOSAL
WISELY Clean the garbage disposal regularly.
This can be done by pouring
dishwashing detergent into the
container and running the machine
with warm water for a second. Ideally,
this should be done daily, but if not
possible, it is recommended to have a
local plumber clean the system at least
once a month. The cleaning process
should start by draining out all clogs in
the system.
4. FOLLOW THE REGULATIONS SET BY
THE PHILIPPINE GOVERNMENT
The Philippine government has set
regulations on sanitation and
wastewater systems, including sewage
disposal and drainage provisions.
Make sure to follow these regulations
to maintain a healthy water drainage
system.
5. STAY INFORMED ABOUT THE WATER
SUPPLY AND SANITATION SECTOR
The Asian Development Bank (ADB)
has published a report on the
Philippines’ water supply and
sanitation sector. Stay informed about
the current state of the sector and the
strategic investment priorities of the
government and ADB to maintain a
healthy water drainage system.
6. FOLLOW THE PHILIPPINE WATER
SUPPLY AND SANITATION MASTER
PLAN
The Philippine Water Supply and
Sanitation Master Plan, 2019-2030
(PWSSMP) identified eight reform areas,
including establishing effective WSS sector
institutions, strengthening regulatory
environment, balancing water supply and
demand, and building climate resilience.
EFFECTS OF HAVING POOR
DRAINAGE SYSTEM
Inadequate landscaping elements or
drainage systems with poor design can
have negative effects, including the
displacement of soil from its advantageous
location to problematic regions and
structural damage to buildings. Deficient
drainage systems have effects on
roadways, waterways, and the general
public health in addition to individual
properties.
1. DAMAGE FOUNDATION AND SIDEWALKS

It tends to directly enter the soil next to the

foundation wall when water rushes or spills
out of gutters close to the foundation. It
may cause bending or cracks because the
saturated earth expands, placing strain on
the foundation. Water can therefore seep
into these gaps and increase the damage's
severity.
2. EROSION
Erosion related issues may arise from a
lack of properly planned and effective
drainage system. A building or location
becomes vulnerable to soil erosion when it
lacks sufficient drainage infrastructure. As
a result, soil and landscape features can
gradually deteriorate, endangering the
stability of the ground and the integrity of
the ecosystem. In such situations,
rainwater or excessive moisture has no
predictable course to follow.
3. BRINGS DISEASES
Another effect of flooding is a downturn in
health, which is mostly due to an increase
in waterborne diseases and unsanitary
conditions. Water becomes stagnant when
water channels are blocked, making
people who reside there more vulnerable
to diseases spread by mosquitoes and
other insects. When the conditions around
us are contaminated with stagnant water,
our vulnerability to a wide range of
airborne and waterborne infections greatly
increases.
WATER DRAINAGE SYSTEM
CONSIDERATIONS

• MAGNITUDE OF WORK
It's crucial to define the drainage destination, whether
public sewer or private recycling system, as this
informs planning and obtaining a permit. If connecting
to the public sewer, proper pipe direction and entry
point placement at an elevated position are essential
to prevent backflow in the event of sewer problems or
overflow.
It is important to develop a design that will address
drainage issues that involves several factors such as
foundation. It is best to consult experienced plumbers
to ensure the design and complies with local building
codes.
2. SLOPE OF LAND

An effective drain requires specific angle

to allow water to flow. If for example, a
storm drain is built on a flat location, it is
possible to experience water stagnation
which will lead to blockage.
Digging a trench for a drain will allow the
water to slope towards the area of gravity.
By digging too deep, however, will make
water flow quickly that will also lead to
water stagnation.
3. EXISITING UTILITY LINES

Building storm drains requires to dig

underground, where several service
provisions like electricity and
plumbing pipes are passed
underground. If done wrong, it can
affect and damage other systems
adjacent to it that can lead to
possible lawsuits.
 4. PIPE TO USE
The choice of pipe type and size for a storm drain
construction project depends on the specific drain type
and anticipated water volume. Typically, brown PVC
pipes are suitable for most storm drains, requiring
minimal manipulation during installation. However, for
French drains, perforated PVC pipes are needed, which
can be purchased pre-perforated or manually
perforated for even and adequate hole distribution. Pipe
size selection should correspond to the expected water
volume, with larger diameter pipes recommended for
areas prone to heavy rainfall to ensure efficient water
drainage, while medium-sized pipes are suitable for
regions with less rainfall or runoff.
5. BASE
This refers to the surface where
pipes are placed after area is
dug up. The base should be level
to the ground and obstructions
aren’t present like roots. Tree
roots can cause problems in the
future that can damage and go
through pipe joints that will
cause blockage and hinder
water flow.
6. REGULATIONS

Before starting plumbing drainage

systems, a permit must be secured before
proceeding. It is highly probably that
building water drainage systems can
affect nearby homes and plumbing
systems of the area. Any proposed
drainage systems should comply with
building codes that govern storm drain
design and specify standards. It can lead
to penalties if one is failed to comply in
getting a permit due to violations.
7. DISPOSAL POINT

Prior to constructing a storm drain, it's essential

to determine the destination for the collected
water, which will help planning and obtaining
the required permits. Whether it's draining into
the public sewer system or a private system
with water recycling capabilities, this decision is
crucial. If connecting to the public sewer, proper
pipe direction and entry point identification are
necessary to prevent backflow in case of sewer
issues or overflow, requiring the entry point to
be strategically elevated.
IMPORTANCE OF POPER
DRAINAGE
Drainage is critical in a number of situations
because it aids in the proper management
of water, alleviates concerns about excess
water, and assures the long-term viability of
various human activities and ecosystems.
Many aspects of land management,
infrastructure development, and
environmental sustainability rely on
drainage. Drainage is essential for properly
managing water, avoiding disasters,
protecting natural resources, and promoting
long-term development. Its importance
varies from agriculture and infrastructure to
conservation and public health. Effective
drainage methods help both human
populations and ecosystems.
 FLOOD MITIGATION
The efforts, methods, and processes used to
mitigate or eliminate the detrimental
impacts of floods are referred to as flood
mitigation. Flooding may cause significant
damage to property, infrastructure, and the
environment, as well as endanger human
lives. As a result, efficient flood mitigation is
vital for community development as well as
alleviating the effects of flooding
catastrophes. Floods and the calamities that
accompany them are avoided with proper
drainage, allowing infrastructure to survive
longer and reducing the burden citizens
confront every time it occurs.
INFRASTRUCTURE CONSERVATION
Infrastructure preservation and
maintenance will be less expensive and
last longer if drainage solutions are
utilized and administered appropriately.
Infrastructure conservation, also known
as infrastructure maintenance and
management, refers to strategies and
activities aimed at preserving and
extending the life of existing infrastructure
assets such as roads, bridges, buildings,
utilities, and transportation systems.
 WATER AVAILABILITY
Water quality and availability are
essential environmental, public health,
and community well-being issues. Not
only will proper drainage aid in the
separation, conservation, and reuse of
municipal water. It will also aid in the
provision of safer drinking water and the
protection of marine life, preserving what
we have for future generations.
WATER DRAINAGE SYSTEM
MAINTENANCE

1. Regular Inspection
• Periodically inspect the entire
drainage system, including gutters,
downspouts, stormwater drains, and
culverts.
• Look for signs of damage, blockages,
or wear and tear, such as cracks,
clogs, or sinking sections.
2. Clean Gutters and
Downspouts
• Remove leaves, debris, and dirt from
gutters and downspouts to ensure
proper water flow.
3. Clear Storm Drains
• Keep storm drains clear of debris,
leaves, and trash to prevent
blockages.
• Check them regularly, especially
before the rainy season.
4. Repair Damaged
Components
• Address any cracks, holes, or damage in
the drainage system promptly.
• Replace damaged pipes, culverts, or
drainage basins as needed.
• Checking and adjusting the slope of
drainage channels to ensure proper
water flow
THANK YOU
GROUP 4 - AR153P - A50