Lesson 1 5

LESSON 1: DOING PHILOSOPHY
INTRODUCTION
Good day! Welcome to Philosophy class. For today’s lesson, we are about to learn what is Philosophy and its branches,
and the difference between holistic perspective and partial point of view. As we both explore what is Philosophy in this chapter,
I’m filled with hopes that you will find the importance of making yourself engage in a philosophical reflection and discussion at
the end of this lesson.
LESSON OBJECTIVES
At the end of this lesson, you are expected to:
a. differentiate holistic perspective from a partial point of view;
b. determine the importance of looking at the holistic perspective than in a partial point of view; and
c. do a philosophical reflection on a concrete situation from a holistic perspective
LESSON CONTENT
What is Philosophy?
Philosophy derives from the Greek words Philos, which means lover of, or friend of and Sophia, for wisdom. Note that
this etymology involves wisdom, which does not necessarily mean knowledge. So a philosopher is a lover of wisdom, which is not
necessarily the same as knowledge. As such, first and foremost, those who know a lot of things (e.g., experts, masters, craftsmen,
trivia buffs, perhaps your neighbor who often says “hey, did you know that…?”) are not necessarily wise, though they are surely
knowledgeable about things. As such, when Socrates is said to be wise, his wisdom does not refer to knowing things (for he
knows that he does no know), but his wisdom consists of acknowledging the limits of his knowledge, the limits of the things he
knows for certain.
In a broad sense, philosophy is an activity people undertake when they seek to understand fundamental truths about
themselves, the world in which they live, and their relationships to the world and to each other (philosophy.fsu.edu).
The Branches of Philosophy

Considered as branches of philosophy are Logic, Epistemology, Ethics, Metaphysics, Politics, and Anthropology.
Logic, the art of correct thinking, deals with such questions as: What is reasoning? How do we determine the validity of
reasoning? What are known as fallacies or errors in reasoning? What should we be logical?
Epistemology, the theory of knowledge, addresses the following: How do we know? Does cognition depend on sense
perception? Or reason, or intuition? What can we really know? Is there limit of what we can know? What makes knowledge true?
What is our knowledge for?
Ethics, the theory of the good-life, deals with the standard of norms of morality, is morality absolute or relative? Why do
we have to be moral? What are the different ethical theories? What really constitutes the “good-life”?
Metaphysics, the study of ultimate reality, inquiries into the question of what constitutes the basic stuff of reality? Is
reality eternal or was it created by what people call God? Is reality purely physical or material, or is it spiritual or mental? Or, is it
both?
Politics, the theory of an ideal state, deals with the best form of government. What makes for an ideal state? Is it
anarchism? Or libertarianism? Or communitarianism? Who should really rule or preside over society? What justification is there
to for the state? For whose interest does the state exist? Should politics, as an exercise of authority, be divorced from religion and
morality?
Anthropology, on the theory of man, deals with the question of man’s origin, nature and destiny. It inquiries into the
question of whether man is a special creation or a product of evolution by natural selection. What is the place of man in the
scheme of things? Is man the “master of his destiny’, or is he but a “pawn” at the mercy of some “inscrutable power” Does man
have a soul that survives after death or is he doomed to total extinction? What future does man have on this plane?
Revealing the Whole
A. Discovering Philosophical Reflection
At some point of our life, you may have asked difficult questions though perhaps you never discussed it to anyone. The
fifth question in the entry point is a good example of such questions. To think about it is to engage in a philosophical reflection
because it compels us to look at a particular experience from a wider perspective. It is not an ordinary question but a truly difficult
one.
To reflect philosophically is to think about an important question that does not have a definite or ready answer. We are
puzzled mostly about things we cannot fully know or understand because we can ask. One of the things human beings ask are
“why am I here?” which is a variation of the questions “Why was I even born?,” or “What am I here for?,” or “What is the
purpose of my existence?” Many also ask “why love when you only get hurt?” and “What if there is no after-life?” Such questions
usually come when we are going through a really difficult time in our life. Perhaps when we are heartbroken, when we feel lost, or
when we become conscious of our personal struggles in this world.
Philosophy allows us the freedom to ask even those questions that others believe to already have a definite answer. For
instance, “What is love?” is often asked implicitly or explicitly in various art forms. Philosophy, on the other hand, does not
dictate conclusive or final answers to philosophical questions. As you perhaps already know, love is not something that can be
exhausted with a definition.
When we ask a philosophical question, we do not simply inquire about a specific question that is triggered by certain
situations. A philosophical question always contains a bigger problem. For example, in asking the question “Why am I here?” the
person that is inquiring is actually concerned with the bigger or universal problem of human existence. It is similar to asking
“Why do I exist?” and “What am I here for?” which express a search for meaning. Such questions are not only personally
significant; they are all-encompassing. The answer one finds will determine his/her choices in life.
B. The Universal and the Particular
A distinction between the universal and the particular will further clarify the nature of the philosophical questions. In
philosophy, we distinguish between the particular and the universal. One of the simpler ways of distinguish one from the other is
by saying that the particular refers to a part of the whole, while the universal pertains to the whole. This is crucial in the field of
logic which is concerned with valid arguments and propositions. However, in dealing with questions of the kind cited earlier, the
universal and particular is dealt with in a different way. We can say that the question “Why am I here?” seems to be a particular
question because it is simply one among the others that may be asked. It is a specific question and so, particular. But when you
start thinking about the question, you realize that it is neither confined to just one person nor to a specific situation. Rather, it is a
question that involves many other questions. Philosophical questions cannot be taken up in isolations, that is, separate from the
very experiences from which they arise.
For us to understand more about holistic perspective and partial point of view, refer to the table below:
Holistic perspective (The Universal) and Partial Point of View (Particular)
Look at all aspects of the given Looks at only a limited number of

problem or situation. aspects of the given problem or situation.
All aspects are given importance Conclusions are made based on
when making conclusions. considering some, but not all, sides of the
All aspects are tied together to form problem or situation.
a general overview of the problem or
situation
Looks at each component Centers on just some

part and how it is connected Universal Particula aspects of the whole in such a
with one another to create a Or r way that the whole is
cohesive whole. overlooked or discounted.
Universal pertains to the
Holistic Or Particular refers to a part
whole. Perspectiv Partial of the whole.
e Point
Of View
For example: For example:
A teacher listens first to both of her two arguing students A teacher scolds Student A after Student B accused
before making any conclusion about the issue. him of stealing her pencil case. However, the teacher on
listened to the story of Student B, and not to Student A,
before deciding to scold the students
Looking at the characteristics of holistic and partial points of view, it can be concluded that using a holistic perspective is
more desirable in doing philosophy than using a partial perspective. Partial points of view only promote limited knowledge on the
situation, and this leads to wrong conclusions.
For now, you have to understand that every person engaged in a philosophical reflection must recognize that possible
answers to philosophical questions require adequate justification or rational basis. Answers that sound right or seem right will
simple not do. Philosophers have taught that we can be misled if we are not careful. There are numerous sources we go to for
answers such as books, teachers, parents, Internet, television, and others, but philosophical questions as earlier said do not have
ready or definite answers. Plato warned as early as 360 B.C.E that there are things that deceive, confuse, or mislead in this world.
To know what is real requires much intellectual effort and rational ability. Moreover, a person is responsible for the answers
he/she holds on to. This means we are to blame in case we are fooled into believing a falsehood.
C. Truth and Dialectics
Philosophers rely on the human faculty of reason as they philosophize. Through this rational capacity, they arrived at a
technique to resolve philosophical questions. This is called dialectics. Dialectics is an art of refutation that dates back to the
ancient Greeks. Philosophical discovery is seen as the result of collaboration with partners in dialogue or conversation. This is the
reason why ancient Greek philosophers wrote dialogues. Dialogues illustrate how dialectics is an effective means of examining
and evaluating truth claims. Errors or inconsistencies of a claim are demonstrated using rational abilities.
The philosopher Socrates is most noteworthy in his use of dialectics. His method of questioning and answering he
subjected Athenians into was effective in drawing out underlying assumptions. It is not enough to claim something as true. One
has to give good reasons as basis for any claim and the claim must be able to withstand further scrutiny and examination.
Dialectics is indispensable since it leads us closer to truth.
Philosophy teaches us to be open as we strive to know better. Debating amiably (that is, a confrontation without
aggression) with someone allows us to discover many things. It reveals our beliefs and challenges us to defend those beliefs. This
rational activity teaches us to hold on only to those beliefs we can defend, and to remain open so we can revise our views through
time and in collaboration with others.
The Value of Philosophical Reflection
Socratic Legacy
There are different views on the value of philosophical reflection. What we will draw attention to, however, are views
attributed to Socrates and from which we would infer an answer. Three claims of Socrates from Plato’s Apology and Protagoras
are worth noting:
1. “Know thyself”
2. “The unexamined life is not worth living”; and
3. “Virtue is knowledge of good and bad.”
In what follows, these three claims will be related to one another in an attempt to persuade you of the value of
philosophical reflection.
Socrates professed that philosophical reflection is necessary in the life of every person. His pronouncements of “know
thyself” and “the unexamined life is not worth living” are to be understood this way. Socrates philosophized where people usually
gathered (agora in Greek) and compelled those he conversed with to think, to defend their views, to account for what they know
and do not know. He did this by asking individuals a series of questions. You can imagine how people were annoyed! It is not
common for people to welcome a discussion that reveals how little they know.
The series of questioning and answering that Socrates employed in engaging in philosophical reflection came to be
known as the Socratic Method. It is an effective method of education that is valued even to this time. It is true that we need to
reflect about what we believe or claim to know because we are responsible for our thoughts. What we believe to be true becomes
the basis for our actions. Moreover, if we know something, it is worth sharing to others. If we are ignorant about something, we
need to learn from others who know.
A life worth living is a life that examines what one thinks. An examination of beliefs or thoughts provides us with
opportunity to know ourselves better. We need to know ourselves because we make choices daily. The choices we make in turn,
create who we are. Philosophical reflection is indispensable because we do not realize what we truly believe in until we are
challenged to defend them.
Every person must confront the question “who am I?” because knowledge of oneself is crucial in life where we make
choices daily. If we don’t know ourselves, we are bound to make wrong life decisions. We would purse things that are not suitable
to us and would not truly make us happy. We will have many regrets. If we do not ask ourselves who we are which essentially
contains some other questions like what are our strengths, our weaknesses, what satisfies us, what goals we have, we will end up
feeling miserable, without understanding why.
This is why the third claim that “virtue is knowledge of good and bad” provides us with another useful life advice. We
need to ask philosophical questions that will provide us with insights on what is truly good and bad for us. Virtue is knowledge
because to truly know what is good necessarily leads to the actual doing of what is good. Furthermore, when what we say and
what we do are not in sync with each other, what we claim to know is doubtful. In other words, a person who truly understands
what is good chooses to do what is good. One who pretends to know what is good does not choose what is good. His/her
ignorance is revealed in his/her actions. Philosophical reflection enlightens us and make us better persons.
PRACTICE
Using this Venn diagram, I want you to write the difference between Holistic perspective and Partial point of view and at
least one similarity.
HOLISTIC PARTIAL
ENRICHMENT
Examine the picture. What did you notice?

Why do you think it is important for us to always see the
holistic perspective of one situation or question in our
life rather than seeing them in a partial point of view?
EVALUATION
Direction: Complete the table below. Write your answer on the space provided.
Actions What are the things to be considered before taking the action
1. Choosing a course in
college
2. Joining a club or
organization
3. Choosing friends
4. Posting on social
media
5. Choosing a leader
Did you find it important to consider first your actions before doing it? Why? Write your answer on the space provided.
Rubric for assessment:
Excellent Good Fair Poor Total

Criteria Weight
4 3 2 1
Thorough and insightful Complete Shows some Shows incomplete
2
Content understanding of content understanding of understanding of understanding of
content content material
Insightful and well Ideas are considered; Ideas are somewhat Ideas are unclear
2
Ideas considered ideas making more than one on topic; makes few
multiple connections thoughtful connection some connections
is made
Extremely well Organized. Structure Somewhat Poorly organized.
1
organized. allows reader to organized structure A clear sense of
Order & structure of move through content allows reader to direction is not
Organization information is without confusion. move through some evident. Flow is
compelling and flows Flows smoothly of the content frequently
smoothly without confusion. interrupted.
Flow is sometimes
interrupted.
Total 5
Reference/s:
Websites
III, G. G. W. (2019, December 4). Doxa, Episteme, and gnosis. Medium. Retrieved September 18, 2021, from
https://mapandterritory.org/doxa-episteme-and-gnosis-ea35e4408edd.
Basket.com, M. I., & Jensenismo. (2021, September 4). The blind men and the Elephant: Attaining a holistic perspective.
MyInfoBasket.com. Retrieved September 18, 2021, from https://myinfobasket.com/the-blind-men-and-the-elephant-
attaining-a-holistic-perspective/.
Ariel Gilbuena Follow teacher at DepEd Cebu Province. (n.d.). Intro to the philosophy of the human person chapter 1 the process
O... SlideShare. Retrieved September 18, 2021, from https://www.slideshare.net/arielgilbuena7/intro-to-the-philosophy-of-
the-human-person-chapter-1-the-process-of-doing-philosophy.
What is philosophy? What is Philosophy? (n.d.). Retrieved September 18, 2021, from https://philosophy.fsu.edu/undergraduate-
study/why-philosophy/What-is-Philosophy.
Books
Camiloza, L. G., Garnace, E. B., Mazo, R. M., & Perez, E. D. (n.d.). UNDERSTANDING REALITY IN A BIGGER PICTURE.
In Philosophy of Human Person. essay, The Phoenix Publishing House, Inc. Phoenix Bldg., 927 Quezon Avenue, Quezon
City.
Calano, M. J. T., Pasco, M. O. D., & Ramoya, M. C. B. (2016). Chapter 1 What is Philosophy? In Philosophizing and Being
Human (pp. 4–5). essay, Sibs Publishing House, Inc. Phoenix Building, 927 Quezon Avenue, Quezon City.
LESSON 2: METHODS OF PHILOSOPHIZING
INTRODUCTION
In this chapter, your knowledge will be supplemented with different methods of philosophizing or the various ways
people engage in the activity of philosophy. One may understand them as different paths or approaches to arrive at truth. We have
clarified in the previous chapter that since philosophy is the love of wisdom, it is directed to the pursuit of truth. Crucial to
understanding this idea is, knowing the difference between knowledge and opinion. Good thing for us, philosophy’s history
already came up with set of theories that will help us evaluate truth from opinion.
LESSON OBJECTIVES
a. Distinguish opinion from truth;
b. Realize that the methods of Philosophy lead to wisdom and truth; and
c. Evaluate truth from opinions in different situations using the methods of philosophizing.
LESSON CONTENT
Doxa and Episteme
To know the truth is different from believing something to be true. This is the reason why we distinguish truth from
opinion. There are different views presented to us every day. We are not supposed to believe all view presented to us as true. We
need to distinguish the false from the true, or the illusions from the real. That is why philosopher like Plato devoted much of their
time to the problem between appearance and reality. Something that appears to be true is not automatically true. When we talk
about knowledge (Episteme in Greek), we are not concerned with mere belief or opinion (Doxa in Greek).
Means opinion Means knowledge
Doxa is basically what It’s the stuff you know

in English we might call because you thought about it
hearsay. and reasoned it out.
DOXA EPISTE
It’s the stuff you know Episteme is portrayed as
ME
because someone told you more of a justified, true
about it. belief
Refers to common
belief and popular opinion
Remember that every person has a set of belief or opinion, and there’s nothing wrong with it knowing that there is
diversity of belief. Not unless when we claim that our belief or opinion is true. We are required to explain why we know it to be
true. To know is to be able to give rational justification. Gut-feel that something is true would never be enough to justify what we
claim to know. Hearsays and opinions would not count as knowledge unless they pass a test of verification or confirmation. We
are responsible for our thoughts, in the same way in our actions. We should not just accept whatever is given or presented to us.
We should discover, unveil and seek for the truth.
Since the beginning of philosophy, it was recognized that truth is not readily accessible to human beings.God alone,
possess all truths andman has to exert mental effort to know some of these truths. His rational capacity (reason) is his tool in such
endeavor.
Philosophers presented their views on opinion and knowledge, one of them is Plato, which often considered the first to
differentiate knowledge from opinion. Knowledge, according to Plato, is certain whereas opinion is not certain. We remain
ignorant when we rely on opinions, for they are based on appearance and not reality. Appearances are unreliable and deceptive.
Knowledge on the other hand, is seeing things as they really are.
The dialogues of Plato are activities directed toward discovering truths and acquiring knowledge. Learning from his
teacher Socrates, Plato’s dialogues begin with opinions that are agreed to by interlocutors and then use series of questioning and
answering to discover truth. Next is Aristotle, who developed the syllogism to demonstrate the truth of a claim or conclusion. So,
what is syllogism? Syllogism is a deductive argument of a certain form where a conclusion is inferred from two premises ( Major
and Minor premise). Valid arguments are those that begin with premises that are knowable and guarantee the truth of a
conclusion. The premises serve as explanation as to why the conclusion is valid or acceptable. For example, all men are mortal
(Major premise), Socrates is a man (Minor premise), Therefore, Socrates is mortal (Conclusion), another example is this all roses
are flowers (major premise). This is a rose (minor premise). Therefore, I am holding a flower (conclusion). Aristotle identified
valid syllogisms as proof or demonstration of truth.
During the modern period, the most important contribution was made by Rene Descartes. He considered the Father of
Modern Philosophy for introducing the notion of indubitability means that, statements that are false, doubtful or uncertain, cannot
be used as basis for knowledge. The Meditations uses the method of doubt as a test to distinguish the indubitable from dubitable.
Clear and distinct ideas alone can become the foundation of all knowledge. Descartes has offered us criteria by which we can tell
opinion from knowledge. Opinions are those that can be doubted and are often confused in our thought. Their lack of clarity
makes them dubious. Knowledge, on the other hand, is indubitable and thus certain.
And lastly, during the contemporary period, Jacques Derrida developed deconstruction which challenged traditional
views in philosophy by looking at structures of language to open up limitless interpretations. In contrast with Plato’s doctrine on
appearance and essence (on which much of the history of philosophy rests), Derrida’s theory of deconstruction significantly
influenced contemporary thought. In Plato, to find essence is to find knowledge. In Derrida, non-essential elements or appearance
is the basis of everything that can be spoken or written.
Contemporary Period may be best seen as a reaction against the views of the modern period, and one of them most
notable denials in the period known as postmodernism is the attack on the notion of an objective reality. To post-modernist, such
reality is nothing but a conceptual construction. Since there is no objective reality, there is no “Truth”. There are many truths, that
is, truth that is particular. There is no Truth with a capital T, or truth that is absolute.
Methods of Philosophizing are different process of determining the truth or drawing conclusions from statements using
various philosophical methods, such as: Socratic Method, Dialectic Method, Scientific Method, and Historical Method.
Both the Socratic and dialectic method are based on a discussion between two or more people who may carry differing
views but wish to pursue the truth by seeking an agreement with one another. Meanwhile, the scientific method is a process of
determining truth or knowledge through experimentation, inductive and deductive reasoning, and hypothesis or theory testing.
The scientific method, also called empirical method, is a process of determining truth or knowledge through
experimentation, inductive and deductive reasoning, and hypothesis or theory testing.
Types of Reasoning
Deductive Reasoning In this type of reasoning, conclusion comes first, followed by main points, and the last will be the
supporting data, facts, examples, and evidences. General idea comes first before the specific or particular idea.
Inductive Reasoning In this type of reasoning, supporting data, facts, examples, and evidences come first followed by the
main points and conclusion will be the last part. This is the vice versa of the deductive reasoning because particular idea comes
first before the general idea.
The historical method is the process of gathering evidences, examining them, and formulating ideas about the past to
come up with present truths.
PRACTICE
Using a concept map, explain Doxa an Episteme.
ENRICHMENT
What do you think are the benefits of engaging yourself in philosophizing? Write your answer on the space provided.
________________________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________
EVALUATION
Direction. Choose one current issue in your community. How do you apply methods of philosophizing in
determining the truth? Write your answer on below.
________________________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________
Criteria Weight Excellent Good Fair Poor Tota

4 3 2 1 l
Writing demonstrates Writing Writing demonstrates Writing
an in-depth reflection demonstrates a a minimal reflection demonstrates lack
on the selected topic, general reflection on on the selected topic, of reflection on
including supporting the selected topic, including a few the selected topic,
Depth of details and examples. including some supporting details and with no details.
1
reflection supporting details examples.
and examples.
Writing surpasses the Writing includes the Writing includes the a Writing does not
required components of required few components of the include the
Required
1 the selected topic. components of the selected topic. required
components
selected topic. components of
the selected topic.
Information clearly Information clearly Information clearly Information has
relates to the main relates to the main relates to the main little to do with
Quality of topic. It includes topic. It provides 1- topic. No details the main topic.
1
Information several supporting 2 supporting details and/or examples are
details and/or and/or examples. given.
examples.
Writing is clear, Writing is mostly Writing is unclear, Writing unclear,
concise, and well clear, concise, and and thoughts are not disorganized.
organized with the use organized with the well organized. Thoughts make
Structure & of excellent use of excellent Thoughts are not little to no sense.
1
Organization sentence/paragraph sentence/paragraph expressed in a logical
structure. Thoughts are structure. Thoughts manner.
expressed in a logical are expressed in a
manner. logical manner.
There are no more than There are no more There are more than There are
three spelling or than five spelling or five spelling or numerous spelling
grammar errors per grammar errors per grammar errors per or grammar errors
Grammar 1 page of writing page of writing page of writing per page of
reflection. reflection. reflection. writing reflection.
Total 5
Reference/s: https://sites.dwrl.utexas.edu/visualrhetoric/2016/02/18/the-spectrum-of-doxa-and-
episteme/ ;https://mapandterritory.org/doxa-episteme-and-gnosis-ea35e4408edd;http://www.testandmore.com/
practice-tests/syllogism-1/ ; https://examples.yourdictionary.com/examples-of-syllogism.html
Camiloza, L. G., Garnace, E. B., Mazo, R. M., & Perez, E. D. (n.d.). UNDERSTANDING REALITY IN A BIGGER PICTURE.
In Philosophy of Human Person. essay, The Phoenix Publishing House, Inc. Phoenix Bldg., 927 Quezon Avenue, Quezon
City.
Name: _________________________________________ Strand and Section:
Teacher: _______________________________________ Period cover: ____________________________
LESSON 3: THE HUMAN PERSON AS AN EMBODIED SPIRIT
INTRODUCTION
Good day. This week, you will learn about the human person as an embodied spirit and how the human body imposes
limits and possibilities for transcendence. I hope that you are excited for the new discoveries that lie ahead. So, without further
ado, let’s start our journey!
LESSON OBJECTIVES
a. Identify human characteristics
b. Recognize how the human body imposes limits and possibilities for transcendence
c. Give importance in evaluating own limitations and the possibilities for their transcendence
LESSON CONTENT
What is a Human Person?
A human person is a living being that contains a real existing power to direct its own development toward fulfillment
through perfect, unconditional, and infinite truth, love, goodness, beauty, unity, and will do so if all the proper conditions are met.
(Alex Ray, 2016)
The soul, mind, and spirit are the non-bodily component that a human person has.
What is an Embodied Spirit?

Embodied Spirit particularly is inseparable union of the Human body and Soul.
Qualities of an embodied spirit person
Self-awareness refers to the person having a clear perception of oneself, including his thoughts, emotions, identity and action
Externality refers to the capability of a person to reach out and interact with others and the world.
Self-determination refers to the capability of persons to make choices and decisions based on their own preferences, monitor and
regulate their actions, and be goal-oriental and self-directed.
Dignity
Is the right of a person to be valued and respected for their own sake, and to be treated ethically. (Wikipedia)
the state or quality of being worthy of honor or respect (Oxford Languages)
Definition of Terms
Transcendence Possibility
means: 1. exceeding usual limits or SURPASSING; 2. is defined by Merriam-Webster Dictionary as: 1. a chance that
extending or lying beyond the limits of ordinary experience; 3. something might exist, happen, or be true; 2. the state or fact of
in Kantian philosophy: being beyond the limits of all possible being possible; 3. something that might be done or might
experience and knowledge happen; 4. something that is possible; 5. abilities or qualities
that could make someone or something better in the future.
Limitations of the Human Persons Human Human persons cannot also breathe
persons are biologically deficient beings. This underwater without the aid of a
means that we are not equipped with the best breathing apparatus.
physical attributes among all the beings in the
world.
Human persons do not have the natural

ability to fly.
As an embodied spirit, it provides us numerous opportunities to explore everything around us and even within us.
Though we enjoy a number of advantages compared to other beings, still there are a number of things that we naturally cannot do.
Despite these natural limitations, we have used our intellect to devise means to achieve several feats. We now use airplanes to fly,
employ scuba gear to swim underwater for extended periods, and invented tools and machines to lift gear weights and perform
other feats well beyond our physical capabilities. The ability to surpass limits is called transcendence. Our mind is an important
tool that allows us to go beyond many of our physical limits. As persons, we are able to exercise our imagination and reflection to
go beyond our own thoughts and experiences. Although we have physical limitations, we can transcend them because of our
spiritual dimensions. Being physically limited in our abilities does not prevent us from hoping for or aspiring to greater things.
Transcendence also means overcoming oneself or being in control even if the body reminds us of certain tendencies. Although
these tendencies are felt, the person can govern them and ensure that they are exercised within the bounds of reason. The essence
of transcendence is to acknowledge our limitations, identify possibilities for development, and change ourselves for the better. It
maybe physical or behavioral changes such, as trying a new sport or hobby or adopting a healthier life style. You can also take on
a mental challenge such as learning a new skill or doing better in your studies. Our possibilities for transcendence give us the
opportunity to work toward becoming better versions of ourselves.
PRACTICE
Write 5 characteristics that makes you different from being or forms of life.
VI. ENRICHMENT
I want you to pause and think about yourself, and your current situation. Do you find things or traits that limit you? So now, list
them below and write down what action you are going to take to go beyond your limits.
Identified limitations Actions towards Transcendence
EVALUATION
Essay: Why it is important for us to evaluate our limitations? Do you it will helps us to transcend? Write your answer
below
Criteria Weight Excellent Good Fair Poor Total

4 3 2 1
Writing demonstrates an Writing demonstrates a Writing Writing
in-depth reflection on the general reflection on the demonstrates a demonstrates
selected topic, including selected topic, including minimal lack of
supporting details and some supporting details reflection on the reflection on the
examples. and examples. selected topic, selected topic,
Depth of including a few with no details.
1 supporting
reflection
details and
examples.
Writing surpasses the Writing includes the Writing Writing does

required components of required components of includes the a not include the
Required the selected topic. the selected topic. few components required
1
components of the selected components of
topic. the selected
topic.
Information clearly Information clearly Information Information has
relates to the main topic. relates to the main topic. clearly relates to little to do with
Quality of It includes several It provides 1-2 the main topic. the main topic.
1
Information supporting details and/or supporting details and/or No details
examples. examples. and/or examples
are given.
Writing is clear, concise, Writing is mostly clear, Writing is Writing unclear,
and well organized with concise, and organized unclear, and disorganized.
the use of excellent with the use of excellent thoughts are not Thoughts make
Structure & sentence/paragraph sentence/paragraph well organized. little to no
1
Organization structure. Thoughts are structure. Thoughts are Thoughts are sense.
expressed in a logical expressed in a logical not expressed in
manner. manner. a logical
manner.
There are no more than There are no more than There are more There are
three spelling or five spelling or grammar than five numerous
grammar errors per page errors per page of writing spelling or spelling or
Grammar 1 of writing reflection. reflection. grammar errors grammar errors
per page of per page of
writing writing
reflection. reflection.
Total 5
Reference/s:
AllanBasuga Follow. (n.d.). The human person as an embodied spirit. SlideShare. Retrieved October 3, 2021, from
https://www.slideshare.net/AllanBasuga/the-human-person-as-an-embodied-spirit-160195332.
Kemerling, G. (n.d.). Categorical syllogism. Retrieved October 3, 2021, from http://www.philosophypages.com/lg/e08a.htm.
Steph. (2021, July 18). The human person as an embodied spirit - philo-notes. PHILO. Retrieved October 3, 2021, from
https://philonotes.com/index.php/2018/12/01/the-human-person-as-an-embodied-spirit/.
Camiloza, L. G., Garnace, E. B., Mazo, R. M., & Perez, E. D. (n.d.). AN EMBODIED SPIRIT COEXISTING WITH THE
ENVIRONMENT. In Philosophy of Human Person. essay, The Phoenix Publishing House, Inc. Phoenix Bldg., 927
Quezon Avenue, Quezon City.
LESSON 4: THE HUMAN PERSON IN THEIR ENVIRONMENT

INTRODUCTION
This week, we will be focusing on the human being’s perspective, and approaches on/to environment. So, as a student,
what is your perspective on environment? Do you know that the environment enables us to exist and work together with others? I
hope that this lesson will broaden our understanding about our perspective on environment.
LESSON OBJECTIVES
a. explain the different approaches in environment;
b. identify things that are not in their proper place and organize them in an aesthetic way; and
c. evaluate the importance of environment.
LESSON CONTENT
Environmental Philosophy is the discipline that studies the moral relationship of human beings with the
environment.
Human Being’s Perspective on Environment
The kind of relationship that human being establishes with the environment depends on how he/she perceives it. Human
being sees and considers the environment as an erratic and disorderly thing that needs to be analyzed, reformed and reshaped
through the cultural tools of science and technology in the service of the human self. Furthermore, the environment is considered
as a commodity or property to be used and disposed for one’s own individual welfare.
In such cases, the human self fails to relate with the environment as another subject, as bio-community. It sees the
environment as something to be exploited. This is the cause of on-going environmental crisis. Natural entities and resources such
as individuals, species, and ecosystem are destroyed. Approximately 50,000 species go extinct each year. Three fourths of the
world’s birds and a quarter of the world’s mammalian species face extinction. Climate change has rapidly accelerated because of
industrial-scale burning of both fossil fuels and tropical rainforest. Multiple rivers and tributaries have been converted as
dumping sites of waste. The conversions of mountains into settlement areas, agricultural land into gold courses have been the
causes of massive destruction of natural habitat and ecosystem (tropical and temperate rainforests, fresh water, lakes, streams,
rivers, coral reefs, and coastal mangroves).
Human Being’s Approaches to Environment
This kind of relationship between the human self and the environment has led the emergence and development of the
various approaches to Nature such as:
Instrumental Approach
In this approach to environment, human being affirms the protection of the environment as long as it possesses value or
importance for human being. He/she takes care of the environment because it is a medium in stabling his/her society and
civilization. The problem with this approach is that when a human being can no longer recognize the value of environment, it
ceases to be of value. Consequently, he/she tends to manipulate and utilize it as a mere thing. In such situation, environment loses
its being and significance.
Axiological Approach
In this approach to environment, human being recognizes the intrinsic value of the environment. This demands him/her
to protect and take care of it. Beauty can be seen as the external expression of such intrinsic value. Axiological approach needs a
greater use of imagination and reflection on the part of human being for him/her to see and experience the intrinsic value of the
environment.
Anthropological Approach
In this approach, the primary concern of human being is to unveil his/her being as human or what being human ought to
be. The focus of establishing relationship with the environment is not environment itself, but his “being.” Consequently, he/she
sees the importance of protection, care, and respect for the environment. Nonetheless, the human being is the one who determines
the intrinsic value of it. The value of the environment comes from the external authority; from human being. Human being does
not recognize that the environment has its own consciousness and inherent system. Such approach considers environment as an
object without any consciousness of its own. It can be manipulated and controlled for human being’s disposal. For instance, a hill
or a ridge can be converted as recreational park. To do this, the developer manipulates the hill according to the recreational park’s
plan. The value of the hill is associated to its recreational value.
Utilitarianism
This approach focuses on the consequences of human action, whether it is wrong or right. Our action is ethically right
when it produces greatest happiness for the greater number of people, otherwise the action is ethically wrong. Human being uses
such view to utilize and manipulate natural environment for human development.
Biocentrism
Biocentrism is the view that not only humans and animals, but also plants should be morally considerable. They give due
consideration to the preservation of biodiversity with its plants and animals. They are advocating environmental protection for all
living organisms including animal rights. This is literally a life-centered theory. According to Paul Taylor, in his article entitled,
The Ethics of Respect for Nature, all living things should be considered as “teleological centers of life.” That is, each and every
living organism has its own telos, or goal or purpose to fulfill in this world. For example, Taylor cited that an organism should be
allowed to reach a state of maturity for it to fulfill its goal of reproduction. Any interference with the fulfillment of an organism’s
goal or purpose is tantamount to harming that organism.
Ecocentrism
The ecosystem-centered ethic or ecocentrism regards ecosystems as holistic entities that should be given moral
consideration. His land ethic gives importance, not on individual moral consideration, but a holistic regard for the biotic
community or ecological systems. He claims that. “a thing is right when it tends to preserve the integrity, stability, and beauty of
the biotic community. It is wrong when it tends to do otherwise.” Aldo Leopold sees the system as having its own integrity as he
describes the ecosystem in a river sandbar with the unity of its different elements interdependently co-existing and subsisting with
each other.
Aldo Leopold, who was an American conservationist and forester by profession, published an article entitled A Sand
Country Almanac(1949), which emphasized the importance of the adoption of a land ethic giving importance to land as an entity
that should be given due respect and love. Thus, an action is right and therefore, moral, when it has the tendency to preserve the
integrity, stability, and beauty of the biotic community; and wrong when it does the opposite.
Natural Law Ethics
There is goodness in human nature to do good which is rooted in the goodness of God; the God who created everything
according to His Divine plan. This goodness of God in human being can be seen and manifested through the expressions of human
intellect and reason. The goodness of reason and intellect is observed and experienced when human action is in accordance to
God’s plan; otherwise, such action is unethical and must be avoided. We respect nature because of God created it for divine
purpose. The environment is created and continuously being recreated for human being’s well-being. But such process must not
jeopardize the divine plan to make the environment sustainable for the continuous existence of human race. The human being as
the summit expression of God’s goodness, and who possesses intellect and reason, has a greater responsibility to care for the
environment and not to destroy it.
Virtue Ethics Perspective

The development of our virtue of care and respect for the environment is a habitual performance of caring and respecting
non-human beings. The act of caring and of respecting becomes our second nature. This extends to non-human especially for the
environment where he/she lives and realizes his/her being.
PRACTICE
Direction. Based on what you have learnt, explain the following words.
1. Instrumental Approach
_________________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________________
____________
2. Axiological Approach
_________________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________________
____________
3. Anthropological Approach
_________________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________________
____________
4. Utilitarianism
_________________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________________
____________
5. Biocentrism
_________________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________________
____________
ENRICHMENT
Analyze the picture below. What did you noticed? As a students, what will you do to make it better? Write your answer
below.
VII. EVALUATION
________________________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________________________
________
________________________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________________________
________________
Essay: Why Environment is important?

________________________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________
We abuse land because we see it as a commodity belonging to us.

When we see land as a community to which we belong,
We begin to use it with love and respect
Aldo Leopold

4 3 2 1
1 supporting
reflection
details and
examples.

1
topic. the selected
topic.
1
are given.
1
manner.
writing writing
5
Total
Reference/s:
Camiloza, L. G., Garnace, E. B., Mazo, R. M., & Perez, E. D. (n.d.). In Philosophy of Human Person. essay, The Phoenix
Publishing House, Inc. Phoenix Bldg., 927 Quezon Avenue, Quezon City.
https://www.encyclopedia.com/earth-and-environment/ecology-and-environmentalism/environmental-studies/
society#:~:text=Philosophical%20Analysis,of%20one%20kind%20or%20another.
LESSON 5: THE INFLUENCE AND EFFECTS OF HUMAN ACTIVITY TOWARD ENVIRONMENT

INTRODUCTION
Greetings! Today, we will continue our lesson about our Environment. But before we start, let me ask you this question,
are you aware that your actions affect our environment? In this chapter, allow me to guide and help you to identify different
human activities that influence and affect our environment. So, brace yourself for the new learnings to come! Have fun and enjoy!
☺
LESSON OBJECTIVES
a. identify human activity that influence and affect our environment;
b. explain that human activity affects our environment; and
c. give importance of taking care of our action toward our environment.
LESSON CONTENT
The Spirit of Stewardship

Stewardship, according to oxford languages, is the job of supervising or taking care of something, such as an
organization or property.
Human being is part of creation. He/she is not the author of his/her existence. His/her existence comes from his/her
Creator; he/she is not the master of his/her existence. According to Timbreza, human being has the responsibility to take care,
protect, and cultivate his/her potentialities, faculties, and functions. But this responsibility is not limited to his/her own self, but it
extends to his/her external world, the environment (Timbreza 1982). A farmer has to take care of his/her rice field. He/she has to
know how to sustain the good condition of the soil. As a care taker, he/she has to know the technology that does not destroy the
soil, but cultivates its richness.
As part of creation, human being’s choice and action influences and affects the unfolding of phenomena in the
environment. The potentialities of the environment may be realized through human. Nonetheless, these potentialities or even the
established system in the environment may disappear or be distorted by human action. This may lead to the disappearance of
his/her potentialities for self-actualization.
Human being’s action must not distort the nature of things, but helps it to its realization and sustainability. In doing this,
environment becomes a proximate norm and the Creator becomes the remote norm of human action. What the human being does
to the environment has a great influence and effect on his/her existence. For Timbreza, this gives us a holistic perception of life.
Being situated in the world, human has to establish loving relation with natural environment, and no to dominate it for human
being is not the measure of all things.
As a steward, the human being has to take care of the environment, and not to destroy it; as a steward, he/she is
responsible for the well-being and harmony in the environment, and not to subdue it as an enemy.
Human Being as the Summit of Creation

Rationality makes human being different from other created beings. The capacity to think unveils the inherent nature of
human being as the peak of creation for he/she is created after the image and likeness of the Divine Creator (Gen. 1:6). But being
the summit of creation, it does not mean that having the freedom and authority to control creation, the environment for its
expense. Being a rational being and image of the Creator, he/she has to protect and care for the environment. This is the relational
dimension for being the human with rationality and as image of the Creator.
As the Summit of creation and image of the Divine Creator, he/she has moral responsibility to take care and respect the
environment. He/she participates in the Divine Creator’s creative acts in the environment. In this context, he/she recognizes the
“otherness” of the environment. in such context, Emmanuel Levinas believes that human being’s action is for the good of the
“other” and not for his/her own good.
Being the summit of creation does not give him/her authority to manipulate and control the environment, but unveil
his/her moral responsibility to care and not to manipulate the environment. As a being with intelligence and reason, human being
must use environmental resources with love and care. This is a responsibility, and it shall be infinite.
10 ways to show your care for the Environment
1. Change your light

If every household replaced one regular light bulb with one of those new compact fluorescent bulbs, the pollution
reduction would be equivalent to removing one million cars from the road.
2. Don’t Rinse
Skip rinsing dishes before using your dishwasher and save up to 20 gallons of water each load. Plus, you’re saving time
and the energy to heat the additional water.
3. Use both sides of paper

American and Filipino businesses throw away about 21 million tons of paper every year, equal to 175 pounds per office
worker. For a quick and easy way to halve this, set your printer’s default option to print double-sided (duplex printing). And when
you’re finished with your documents, don’t forget to take them to the recycling bin.
4. Recycle Newspaper
There are 63 million newspaper printed each day in the U.S. and even in the Philippines. Of these, 44 million, or about
69% of them will be thrown away. Recycling just the Sunday papers would save more than half a million trees every week.
5. Rethink Bottled Water

Nearly 90% of plastic water bottles are not recycled, instead taking thousands of years to decompose. Buy a reusable
container and fill it with tap water, a great choice for the environment, your wallet, and possibly your health.
6. Brush without running water

You’ve heard this one before, but many be you still do it. You’ll conserve up to five gallons of water per day if you stop.
Daily saving could add up to 1.5 billion gallons – more water than folks use.
7. Plant a Tree
It’s good for the air, the land; it can shed your house and save on cooking (plant on the west side of your home), Make it
meaningful for the whole family and plant a tree every year for each member.
8. Turn off lights

Always turn off incandescent bulbs when you leave a room. Fluorescent bulbs are more affected by the number of times
it is switched on and off so turn them off when you leave a room for 15 minutes or more. You’ll save energy on the bulb itself,
but also cooling costs, as lights contribute heat to a room.
9. Choose Matches over Lighters

Most lighters are made out of plastic and filled with butane fuel, both petroleum products. Since most lighter are
considered “disposable”, over 1.5 billion end up in landfills each year. When choosing matches pick cardboard over wood. Wood
matches come from trees, whereas most cardboard matches are made from recycled paper.
10. Share!
Take what you’ve learned, and pass the knowledge on to others. If every person you know could take one small step
toward being greener, the collective effort could be phenomenal.
Do you know that these situations are critical?

Here are some facts to consider:
● We use 50% of the Earth’s land area for food production and 50% of the Earth’s available fresh water for drinking.
● The main source of water pollution is not chemical waste but excrement of farm animals
● About 70% of the world’s marine species are at risk of extinction.
● By the year 2100, extinction may reach one third (1/3) of all species now living.
● Animals raised for food currently generate between 15 and 20% of methane emissions globally
● Every ton of recycled office paper saves 380 gallons of oil.
● Around 50 million tons of papers are consumed annually by people more than 850 million trees are cut down.
● Each year, over 63,000 square miles are destroyed resulting in more than half the world tropical forests being lost.
We are changing the climate and health of the planet by our every choice. What can you do to show you care about the
environment and contribute to its health and longevity? Here are just a few suggestions. For more ways to save the environment,
check some books out of the library or do some online research.
1. Conserve energy at home.

Fix leaky faucets, turn off lights and appliances when not in use, and buy energy efficient products. Check
showerheads and toilets for leaks, and consider low flow models. Reduce the settings on water heaters and household
thermostats: limit use of air conditioning. Make sure your home is efficiently insulated.
2. Reduce, reuse, and recycle.

Dispose of harmful materials properly, re-use or recycle things you no longer need, and place recyclables in proper
bins for pick up. For every ton of paper recycled, 17 trees are saved.
3. Buy safe products.

Don’t support toxic materials such as home improvement products like paint with lead or food products with
pesticides. Buy organic produce when possible, and learn what products are safest for your consumption and for the
health of the planet.
4. Drive conservatively.
Carpool or take public transportation when you can, and consolidate your trips for gas conservation. Observe speed
limits, and avoid rapid acceleration and excessive breaking and idling. Ride a bike and walk for local errands. Research
how you can reduce carbon emissions by keeping your car in top shape. Keep tires properly inflated to improve gas
mileage. Every 10 days, driver with under-inflated tires and poorly maintained engines waste 70 million gallons of
gasoline.
5. Green up your life.

Switch to solar energy at home if feasible, grow as much of your own food as you can, use natural fiber clothing, and
make your own cleaning and beauty care products.
Educate yourself as much as possible about the environment issues that concern every earth citizen, and start taking
actions that show you care about the environment. Be a role model and leader for others. Each individual contributes
tomorrow success of the whole. Go green now.
How Environment Sustainability Benefits Human Health
1. Cleaner air, resulting from fewer emissions from cars, buses, industrial processes, and so forth, improves human
health, improves human health through a lesser incidence of lung disease, asthma, and allergy-like symptoms.
2. Clean drinking water, reasonably clean water for bathing are very important in preventing certain disease and
symptoms such as chronic diarrhea. In this context “clean” means lacking in obvious pollutants, such as human or
animal waste, but also free of heavy metals and others chemicals detrimental to human health. A low count of
bacteria also is very important.
3. If the environment is health in the sense of promoting active transportation, such as walking, bicycling, or
rollerblading for transportation, people will get more exercise than they will if they ride in a motorized vehicle.
PRACTICE
“Wala ka bang napapansin sa iyong mga kapaligiran?
Kay dumi na ng hangin, pat ina ang mga ilog natin.
Hindi na masama ang pag-unlad
At malayu-layo na rin ang ating narating
Ngunit masdan mo ang tubig sa dagat
Dati'y kulay asul ngayo'y naging itim
Ang mga duming ating ikinalat sa hangin
Sa langit huwag na nating paabutin
Upang kung tayo'y pumanaw man, sariwang hangin
Sa langit natin matitikman”
-ASIN
From the lyrics above, identify different human activities that affect our environment (Write your answer on the back page of this
portion)
ENRICHMENT
Identify one human activity and explain how it affects our environment.
________________________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________
EVALUATION
I. Essay
In your community, you observed that there are many young people throwing garbage along the
road. You are convinced that this practice of these young people would have a negative result on the
environment. As a youth who is aware of your responsibility towards the environment, what would you do
to help to stop such practice of the young today? (Write your answer on the back page of this portion)
II. Why it is important to take care of our actions toward our environment?
________________________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________________________
________________
________________________________________________________________________________________________________
____

4 3 2 1
1 supporting
reflection
details and
examples.

1
topic. the selected
topic.
1
are given.
1
manner.
writing writing
Total 5
Reference/s:
Camiloza, L. G., Garnace, E. B., Mazo, R. M., & Perez, E. D. (n.d.). AN EMBODIED SPIRIT COEXISTING WITH THE
ENVIRONMENT. In Philosophy of Human Person. essay, The Phoenix Publishing House, Inc. Phoenix Bldg., 927
Quezon Avenue, Quezon City.
Ariola, M. M. (2016). The human person's in their environment. In Introduction to the Philosophy of the Human Person (pp. 75–
91). essay, UNLIMITED BOOKS LIBRARY SERIVES & PUBLISING INC. Room 215 ICP Building, Cabildo St.,
Intramuros, Manila.

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LESSON 1: DOING PHILOSOPHY

The Branches of Philosophy

Revealing the Whole

A. Discovering Philosophical Reflection

B. The Universal and the Particular

Holistic perspective (The Universal) and Partial Point of View (Particular)

Look at all aspects of the given Looks at only a limited number of

Looks at each component Centers on just some

C. Truth and Dialectics

The Value of Philosophical Reflection

Examine the picture. What did you notice?

Rubric for assessment:

Excellent Good Fair Poor Total

Means opinion Means knowledge

Doxa is basically what It’s the stuff you know

Rubric for assessment:

Criteria Weight Excellent Good Fair Poor Tota

LESSON 3: THE HUMAN PERSON AS AN EMBODIED SPIRIT

What is a Human Person?

What is an Embodied Spirit?

Qualities of an embodied spirit person

Human persons do not have the natural

Identified limitations Actions towards Transcendence

Rubric for assessment:

Criteria Weight Excellent Good Fair Poor Total

Writing surpasses the Writing includes the Writing Writing does

Kemerling, G. (n.d.). Categorical syllogism. Retrieved October 3, 2021, from http://www.philosophypages.com/lg/e08a.htm.

LESSON 4: THE HUMAN PERSON IN THEIR ENVIRONMENT

Human Being’s Perspective on Environment

Human Being’s Approaches to Environment

Natural Law Ethics

Virtue Ethics Perspective

Essay: Why Environment is important?

We abuse land because we see it as a commodity belonging to us.

Rubric for assessment:

Criteria Weight Excellent Good Fair Poor Total

Writing surpasses the Writing includes the Writing Writing does

LESSON 5: THE INFLUENCE AND EFFECTS OF HUMAN ACTIVITY TOWARD ENVIRONMENT

The Spirit of Stewardship

Human Being as the Summit of Creation

10 ways to show your care for the Environment

1. Change your light

3. Use both sides of paper

5. Rethink Bottled Water

6. Brush without running water

8. Turn off lights

9. Choose Matches over Lighters

Do you know that these situations are critical?

● About 70% of the world’s marine species are at risk of extinction.

● Every ton of recycled office paper saves 380 gallons of oil.

1. Conserve energy at home.

2. Reduce, reuse, and recycle.

3. Buy safe products.

5. Green up your life.

How Environment Sustainability Benefits Human Health

Rubric for assessment:

Criteria Weight Excellent Good Fair Poor Total