UNIVERSITI TUNKU ABDUL RAHMAN

FOUNDATION IN SCIENCE
SESSION 202301

TUTORIAL
ENDOCRINE SYSTEM II
FHSC1224 INTRODUCTION TO PHYSIOLOGICAL SYSTEMS 4
(Final Examination, January 2023)
Q1. Figure 2.3 illustrates various endocrine organs of the body.

(a) Name and state the letter (A-J) that represents the gland that produces melatonin. (1 mark)

(b) Name and state the letter (A-J) that represents the posterior pituitary gland. List TWO (2)
neurohormones released by the gland. (3 marks)

(c) Briefly explain how hypothalamus regulates the function of gland C. (2 marks)

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 (d) Gland C is known as master gland as it controls other hormonal glands in the body. Complete
Table 2.1 below to show the topic functions of gland C. (6 marks)

(e) Determine the class of hormones (lipid soluble or water soluble) released by the targeted gland
in Table 2.1. Describe the general hormonal signalling pathway of these hormones. (5 marks)

(f) A patient was diagnosed with a tumour in organ H which results in hypersecretion from beta
cells. Explain how the tumour ay affect his blood glucose level. (3 marks)

(Final examination, April 2019)

Q2. Figure 1 shows the endocrine glands in the human brain.

Figure 1

(a) Name structure C and briefly describe its functions. (3 marks)

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 (b) Name TWO (2) hormones synthesized by neurons A. (2 marks)

(c) Most hormones synthesised by structure D are tropic hormones. Define the term “tropic
hormones” and state ONE (1) tropic hormone and ONE (1) non-tropic hormone secreted by
structure D. (3 marks)

(Final examination, Dec 2018, truncated)

Q3. (a) Table 1 shows some of the side effects on the body of four drugs, A, B, C and insulin, used to
treat diabetes.
Table 1
Drug Side effects on the body
A Weight loss
Liver, kidney and heart damage
Feeling of sickness
B Weight gain
Damage to pancreatic cells
C More water is kept in the body
Weight gain
Increased chance of bone breakage in women
Insulin A little more water is kept in the body
Weight gain
Increased risk of lung damage

Answer the following questions based on Table 1.

(i) State the drug (A, B, C or insulin) that is most likely to result in an increase in blood
sugar concentration in some people. Justify your answer. (2 marks)

(ii) Drugs A, B and C can be taken as tablets but insulin cannot. Explain why. (2 marks)

(iii) Other than drug administration, give TWO (2) methods that can be applied to treat
diabetes. (2 marks)

(b) State THREE (3) target tissues that hormone epinephrine acts on. (3 marks)

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(Final examination, Dec 2019)
Q4. (a) List the target tissues and effects of the following anterior pituitary hormones:
(i) Prolactin (2 marks)

(ii) Adrenocorticotrophic hormone (2 marks)

(iii) Growth hormone (2 marks)

(iv) Thyroid-stimulating hormone (2 marks)

(b) A patient has a brain tumour that necessitate removal of his pituitary gland. Explain whether
the removal of his pituitary gland will affect the production of ADH and oxytocin. (2 marks)

(Final examination, Sept 2017, truncated)

Q5. (a) Ben claimed that insulin level in a healthy individual must remain constant at all times to
maintain glucose homeostasis. With justification, state whether you agree or disagree with
Ben’s statement. (3 marks)

(b) 30-Hour Famine by World Vision is a global youth movement where participants fast for 30
hours to raise funds to fight poverty. With reference to the hormone and its secreting cells,
explain how the participants maintain glucose homeostasis in their blood. (5 marks)

(c) Name the biochemical process when cells breakdown glucose to produce ATP. (1 mark)

(d) With reference to any TWO (2) target tissues of hormone insulin, briefly explain why insulin
is classified as non-tropic hormone. (4 marks)