Group-Ring-Field

Group:
1. Let ∗ be a binary operation on 𝑄 defined by 𝑎 ∗ 𝑏 = 2𝑎 + 𝑏, 𝑎, 𝑏𝜖𝑄,show that (𝑄,∗) is a
quasigroup but not semigroup.
2. Examine the following binary composition is group or not where * is defined on R by

a ∗ b =a for all a ε R.

3. Show that all roots of the equation 𝑥 4 = 1 forms an abelian group under the operation
multiplication.
4. Show that all roots of the equation 𝑥 3 = 1 forms an abelian group under the operation
multiplication.
5. Let 𝑃 be the set of all real numbers except the integer 1. Let the operation ∗ in 𝑃 is defined
by 𝑎 ∗ 𝑏 = 𝑎 + 𝑏 − 𝑎𝑏, ∀𝑎, 𝑏 ∈ 𝑃, Show that (𝑃,∗) is a group.

6. If Q be the set of all positive rational numbers, an operation ∗ is defined by the operation
𝑎𝑏
𝑎∗𝑏 = ,then prove that Q forms a group under the operation ∗.
2

7. Show that the set 𝑍4 , the classes of residues of integers modulo 3, forms a commutative
group with respect to addition (modulo 3).
8. Show that the set of all real non-singular matrices of order 2 does not form a commutative
group with respect to usual matrix multiplication.

1 2 3 4 5 1 2 3 4 5
9. If 𝐴 = ( ),𝐵 = ( ) be two permutations, show that 𝐴𝐵 ≠
2 3 1 5 4 1 3 4 5 2
𝐵𝐴.
1 2 34 5 6 1 2 34 5 6
10. If 𝑓 = ( ) &𝑔=( ) are two permutations on 𝑆 =
4 1 32 6 5 5 6 14 2 3
{1,2,3,4,5,6} then find (𝑓𝑔)−1.

1 2 3 4 5 6 1 2 3 4 5 6
11. If 𝑓 = ( ) & 𝑔 == ( ) be two permutations on
2 4 3 5 6 1 1 6 4 5 2 3
𝑆 = {1,2,3,4,5,6} then find 𝑓 ∗ 𝑔 ∗ 𝑓 −1 .
12. Let G be a group. If 𝑎−1 𝑏 2 (𝑏𝑎𝑏)−1 𝑏𝑎2 = 𝑏, 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝑎𝑙𝑙 𝑎, 𝑏 ∈ 𝐺,then show that G is a
commutative group.
13. If 𝐺𝐿(2, 𝑅) be the multiplicative group of all real non-singular matrices of order 2, show
𝑎 𝑏
that the set 𝐻 = {( ) : 𝑎𝑑 − 𝑏𝑐 = 1} is a subgroup of 𝐺𝐿(2, 𝑅).
𝑐 𝑑
14. If 𝑎, 𝑏 are two fixed positive integers and 𝑆 = {𝑎𝑥 + 𝑏𝑦: 𝑥, 𝑦 ∈ 𝑍}, show that S is a
subgroup of the group(𝑍, +).
15. Let G be a group of all non-zero complex numbers 𝑎 + 𝑖𝑏(a, b are real and not both zero)
under multiplication and let 𝐻 = {𝑎 + 𝑖𝑏 ∈ 𝐺: 𝑎2 + 𝑏 2 = 1}. Prove that H is a subgroup of G.
16. Let H be a Subgroup of a group G. For a fixed element 𝑔 in G, prove that the subset
𝑔𝐻𝑔−1 = {𝑔ℎ𝑔−1 : ℎ ∈ 𝐻} is a subgroup of G.
17. If (𝐺,∗) be an abelian group, for a fixed positive integer 𝑛, 𝐻 = {𝑎𝑛 : 𝑎 ∈ 𝐺}, show that
(𝐻,∗) is a subgroup of (𝐺,∗).

18. In a group G, (𝑎𝑏)3 = 𝑎3 𝑏 3 , ∀𝑎, 𝑏 ∈ 𝐺. Show that

i) 𝐻 = {𝑥 3 : 𝑥 ∈ 𝐺} is a subgroup of G.
ii) 𝐻 = {𝑥 6 : 𝑥 ∈ 𝐺} is a subgroup of G.
19. Let G be a group and 𝑏 ∈ 𝐺 such that 𝑜(𝑏) = 20. Find 0(𝑏15 ).
20. If 𝑎 is an element of group (𝐺,∗) and 𝑜(𝑎) = 20 then find the order of the element 𝑎16 .
21. Find the inverse elements of the group 𝑆 = {1,3,7,9}(𝑚𝑜𝑑𝑢𝑙𝑜 10). Check also is it abelian.

22. If G is a multiplicative group, then show that (𝑏𝑎)3 = 𝑎 𝑖𝑓 𝑎−1 = 𝑏 2 𝑎𝑏

23. If G is a multiplicative group, then show that 𝑎 = 𝑒, 𝑖𝑓 𝑎4 = 𝑒, 𝑎𝑏 = 𝑏𝑎2

24. If (𝐺,∗) be a group, a mapping 𝜑: 𝐺 → 𝐺 ′ is defined by 𝜑(𝑥) = 𝑥 2 for 𝑥 ∈ 𝐺,prove that 𝜑

is a homomorphism if and only if 𝐺 is commutative.

25. If (𝐺,∗) be a group, a mapping 𝜑: 𝐺 → 𝐺 ′ is defined by 𝜑(𝑥) = 𝑥 −1 for 𝑥 ∈ 𝐺,prove that

𝜑 is a homomorphism if and only if 𝐺 is commutative.

26. Let 𝐶 be a group of complex numbers under addition and 𝜙: 𝐶 → 𝐶 is a mapping defined
by 𝜙(𝑎 + 𝑖𝑏) = 𝑎 − 𝑖𝑏 (𝑎, 𝑏 𝑎𝑟𝑒 𝑟𝑒𝑎𝑙). Prove that 𝜙 is an automorphism on 𝐶.

Ring:
27. Show that the set of integers modulo 6 (𝑧6 ) forms a commutative ring with identity under
the binary operations + and . on 𝑧6 by [𝑎 + 𝑏] = [𝑎] + [𝑏] and [ab]=[a]. [b].

28. Show that 𝑍[𝑖] = {𝑎 + 𝑖𝑏 ∈ 𝐶|𝑎, 𝑏 ∈ 𝑍, 𝑖 = √−1} forms a commutative ring with
unity/identity under the addition and multiplication on 𝑍[𝑖] as follows:
(𝑎 + 𝑖𝑏) + (𝑐 + 𝑖𝑑) = (𝑎 + 𝑐) + 𝑖(𝑏 + 𝑑)
(𝑎 + 𝑖𝑏). (𝑐 + 𝑖𝑑) = (𝑎𝑐 − 𝑏𝑑) + 𝑖(𝑎𝑑 + 𝑏𝑐)

29. Show that the set{𝑆, +, . } is a non-commutative ring with no unity element where the
𝑎 𝑏
matrices of the form ( ), a, b, c are the even integers.
0 𝑐
30. Find the elements in𝑍12 which are i) unit ii) zero divisor.
31. Show that the set of integers modulo 6 (𝑧6 ) is not an integral domain.
32. Let D be the set of all diagonal matrices of order 2. Then show that D is a subring of the
𝑎 0
ring 𝑀2 (𝑅) where 𝐷 = ( ) , 𝑎, 𝑏 ∈ 𝑅
0 𝑏
33. Show that the ring of Gaussian integers, 𝑍[𝑖] = {𝑎 + 𝑖𝑏 ∈ 𝐶|𝑎, 𝑏 ∈ 𝑍, 𝑖 = √−1} forms a
commutative ring with unity/identity under the addition and multiplication on 𝑍[𝑖] as follows:
(𝑎 + 𝑖𝑏) + (𝑐 + 𝑖𝑑) = (𝑎 + 𝑐) + 𝑖(𝑏 + 𝑑)
(𝑎 + 𝑖𝑏). (𝑐 + 𝑖𝑑) = (𝑎𝑐 − 𝑏𝑑) + 𝑖(𝑎𝑑 + 𝑏𝑐)

34. Also show that it is a subring of ℂ.

In the ring 𝑍 𝑜𝑓 𝑖𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑔𝑒𝑟𝑠, find which of the subset of Z is a subring:
i) The set of integers of the form 5𝑘 + 1, 𝑘 ∈ 𝑍.
ii) The set of integers of the form 5𝑘, 𝑘 ∈ 𝑍.
35. Which of the following subset of 𝑀2 (𝑅) is a subring of the ring (𝑀2 (𝑅), +, . )
𝑎 𝑏
i) 𝐴 = {[ ] ; 𝑎, 𝑏 ∈ 𝑅}
0 0
1 𝑎
ii) B= {[ ] ; 𝑎, 𝑏 ∈ 𝑅}
0 𝑏

Field
36. Show that the modulo 5 (𝑍5 ) system is a field.
37. Let F be a field & 𝑎, 𝑏 ∈ 𝐹, 𝑎 ≠ 0, prove that 𝑎𝑥 + 𝑏 = 𝑐 has a unique solution in F
𝑥 𝑦
38. Show that the ring of the matrices {(2𝑦 𝑥 ) , 𝑥, 𝑦 ∈ 𝑄} is a field.
39. Prove that the set 𝑆 = {𝑎 + 𝑏𝜔: 𝑎, 𝑏 ∈ 𝑅} is a sub-field of the field of complex numbers