GAUSS SEIDAL POWER FLOW METHOD Redwanul Mahbub Talukder

POWER FLOW STUDY

Power-flow studies are of great importance in planning and designing the future expansion of power
systems as well as in determining the best operation of existing systems.

The principal information obtained from a power-flow study is the magnitude and phase angle of the
voltage at each bus and the real and reactive power flowing in each line.

Either the bus self- and mutual admittances which compose the bus admittance matrix Ybus and
impedances which compose Zbus may be used in solving the power-flow problem. We confine our study
to methods using admittances.
GAUSS SIEDAL POWER FLOW METHOD
Power flow analysis involves solving a system of nonlinear equations, which are complex and
lack closed-form solutions.
The Gauss-Seidel method provides an iterative approach to solving these equations
effectively.
It is also known as the Liebmann method or the method of successive displacement
Gauss-Seidel updates bus voltages incrementally, making it efficient in terms of
memory usage and computational resources
For small-to-medium-sized systems, Gauss-Seidel can converge quickly, providing
reliable results without requiring extensive computational power
BUS TYPES
Bus is a node at which one/many lines, loads and
generators are connected.

In power system each bus is associated with four

quantities : magnitude of voltage, phase of voltage, active
power and reactive power

Unknown Quantities or
Type of Buses Known or Specified Quantities
Quantities to be determined.
Generation or P-V Bus P, | V | Q, δ

Load or P-Q Bus P, Q | V |, δ

Slack or Reference Bus | V |, δ P, Q

GAUSS SIEDAL POWER FLOW METHOD
Apparent power, Si = Vi Ii* & current, Ii = σ𝑁
𝑗=1 𝑌𝑖𝑗 𝑉𝑗

Si = Vi σ𝑁 ∗ ∗
𝑗=1 𝑌𝑖𝑗 𝑉𝑗

Si = Vi 𝑌𝑖𝑖∗ 𝑉𝑖∗ + 𝑉𝑖 σ𝑁 ∗ ∗
𝑗=1,𝑗≠𝑖 𝑖𝑗 𝑉𝑗
𝑌
1 𝑆𝑖
𝑉𝑖∗ = [ - σ𝑁 ∗ ∗
𝑗=1,𝑗≠𝑖 𝑌𝑖𝑗 𝑉𝑗 ]
𝑌𝑖𝑖∗ 𝑉𝑖

1 𝑆𝑖∗
Vi= [ - σ𝑁
𝑗=1,𝑗≠𝑖 𝑌𝑖𝑗 𝑉𝑗 ]
𝑌𝑖𝑖 𝑉𝑖∗
GAUSS SIEDAL POWER FLOW METHOD
S = Psch + j Q sch
S = (Pg - Pl) + j (Q g - Ql )
Pg and Q g are apparent and reactive power of generators
Pl and Ql are apparent and reactive power of generators
1 𝑆𝑖∗
Vi= 𝑌 [ 𝑉𝑖∗
- σ𝑁
𝑗=1,𝑗≠𝑖 𝑌𝑖𝑗 𝑉𝑗 ]
𝑖𝑖

𝟏 𝑷𝒊,𝒔𝒄𝒉 −𝒋 𝑸𝒊,𝒔𝒄𝒉 (𝒌) (𝒌−𝟏)

Vi(k) = [ (𝒌−𝟏)∗ - σ𝒊−𝟏
𝒋=𝟏 𝒀𝒊𝒋 𝑽𝒋 - σ𝑵
𝒋=𝒊+𝟏 𝒀𝒊𝒋 𝑽𝒋 ]
𝒀𝒊𝒊 𝑽𝒊

k = The number of iteration in which the voltage is currently being calculated

k-1 = the number of preceding iteration
ANALYSIS WITH LOAD BUS
In load bus, the quantities defined are P and Q.
We need to determine |V| and δ

𝟏 𝑺𝒊∗ 𝒊−𝟏 (𝒌) (𝒌−𝟏)

Vi(k) = [ (𝒌−𝟏)∗ - σ 𝒋=𝟏 𝒀𝒊𝒋 𝑽𝒋 - σ𝑵
𝒋=𝒊+𝟏 𝒀𝒊𝒋 𝑽𝒋 ]
𝒀𝒊𝒊 𝑽𝒊
Si is known from P and Q.
𝑌𝑖𝑖 is known from admittance bus (Ybus)
Vi(0) is assumed
Repeated until Vi(k) converges to our desired error limit
ANALYSIS WITH GENERATOR BUS
In generator bus, the quantities defined are P and |V| .
We need to determine Q and δ.

𝟏 𝑺∗𝒊 𝒊−𝟏 (𝒌) (𝒌−𝟏)

Vi(k) = [ (𝒌−𝟏)∗ - σ𝒋=𝟏 𝒀𝒊𝒋 𝑽𝒋 - σ𝑵
𝒋=𝒊+𝟏 𝒀𝒊𝒋 𝑽𝒋 ]
𝒀𝒊𝒊 𝑽𝒊
Si is unknown as Q is unknown.
Ii is calculated from Ii = σ𝑁
𝑗=1 𝑌𝑖𝑗 𝑉𝑗

Then we can determine Si from Si = Vi Ii*

𝑌𝑖𝑖 is known from admittance bus (Ybus)
Repeated until Vi(k) converges to our desired error limit
NUMERICAL PROBLEM
QUANTITIES TO BE DETERMINED
Bus |V| δ P Q
1 1 0 ? ?
2 1.02 ? 0.8 pu ?
3 ? ? 1.386 pu 0.452 pu