Report on

Geomorphic Survey of Mahi Estuary and related

features at Kavi-Kamboi, Jambusar Taluka, Bharuch
District (Gujarat)
Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirement
For the Degree of
Master of Science in Geography

Submitted by
PADHIYAR MEGHANABEN PUSHPAKSINH
PRN - 8022026962
nd
2 Semester - M.Sc. (Previous) (2022-23)

Submitted to
Department of Geography
Faculty of Science
The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda
Vadodara - 390 002, Gujarat.
 CERTIFICATE
This is to certify that the report submitted under the Course (GPY2212 -
Geomorphic Survey Technique-II)by PADHIYAR MEGHANA PUSHPAKSINH,
(PRN : 8022026962) in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree of
Master of Science in Geography, The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda,
Vadodara. This is an original record of the observations carried out by the
candidate under our supervision during the academic year 2022 - 2023.

Date:08TH OCTOBER, 2022

Place: Vadodara

Dr. Mudit D. Mankad

Dr. Vijayata Head of Department

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 Table of Contents

Sr.No. Title Page No.

01 Introduction 04

02 Geographical site : kavi kamboi 05

03 What we observed 06

04 Tidal effect 06

05 Tide Chart 06

06 Mud flat 07

07 Marshy land 08

08 River cliff 09

09 Conclusion 10

10 Reference 11

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 INTRODUCTION
The river basin of western India is characterized by colossal deposit of marrine, fluvial and
Aeolian origin. Mahi river rice in Madhya Pradesh and after flowing through the vaghad region
of Rajasthan, enters in Gujarat and And float in Arabian sea of. The gulf of Khambhat also
known as ‘gulf of combay’. Many Rivers drain in the gulf, including the Sabarmati, mahi,
Narmada, Tapi and shatrunjay. And it’s characterized by a number of Estuary gullies, mud
flat,clifs and mangroves.

The gulf is dominated by strong tidal current which are responsible for most of the
gemorphological features. Present status of the coastline of kavi to dahej of gulf of Khambhat
will have been carried out by using remote sensing and GIS technology.

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GEOGRAPHICAL SITE : KAVI KAMBOI

The study area- Kavi to Dahej coast falls on the western segment of the gulf of Khambhat is
a part of coastline of the Gujarat state.

Located
22.1668 Latitude
72.4198 Longitude

It’s cover an extent of about 3120 km². In the Northern segament between Sabarmati and
Mahi Mouth, the gulf is about 5 km in width and it open gradually northern segament like
funnel shape. The gulf have been covered by mainly The Mudflat and some Rocky intertidal
patches.

Rocky Fracture are most common Feature in the Bhavnagar coast But gradually going
towards ghogha it’s volume decrease.

The Kavi-Kamboi Mahi estuary is a classic example of a drowned river valley.

During the Holocene period, sea levels rose, leading to the submergence of the lower reaches
of the river valley. As a result, the estuary was formed. The estuary is a complex system of
channels, creeks, and islands. The main channel is about 25 km long and varies in width from
200 m to 3 km. The estuary is also characterized by numerous tidal creeks, which are separated
by low-lying islands. The islands are made up of sand and mud, and they are covered by
mangrove forests. The estuary is influenced by two major tidal regimes, which are semi-
diurnal and mixed diurnal. During the monsoon season, the estuary experiences heavy
rainfall, leading to the formation of floodplains.

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 All the river merging in the gulf from marshy delta. The ecosystem of the gulf containing
creeks, marshy land and Mudflat hosting rich amount of biodiversity.

The tertiary sediment covered the major part of the cambay rift basin and overlain the
deacon trap. The resent sediment comprise of thik pile of u consolidated sediment. Such as
sand and clay with occasional gravels deposited by the fluvial and the Aeolian activities.

WHAT WE OBSERVED

We visited the kavi kamboi ( gulf of Khambhat. It is the part of coastline of the Gujarat
state.When we reached kavi kamboi village there is low tide time. The tertiary sediment
covered the major part of the cambay rift basin and overlain the deacan trap.

The resent sediment comprise of thik pile of u consolidated sediment. Such as sand and
clay with occasional gravels deposited by the fluvial and the Aeolian activities.

TIDEL EFFECT

On Saturday, 8th of October of 2022, the sun rose in Gulf Of Cambay at 6:33:10 h and
sunset was at 18:21:07 h. In the high tide and low tide chart, we can see that the first high
tide was at 4:40 h and the next high tide at 16:53 h. The first low tide was at 10:48 h and the
next low tide at 23:14 h. We had 11 hours and 47 minutes of sun. The solar transit was at
12:27:08 h.

TIDE CHART

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 The following graph shows the progression of the tidal coefficient in the month of October
of 2022.These values give us a rough idea of the tidal amplitude in Gulf Of Cambay, forecast in
October.

MUD FLAT

Mudflats or mud flats, also known as tidal flats or, in Ireland, slob or slobs,[1][2] are
coastal wetlands that form in intertidal areas where sediments have been deposited by tides or
rivers.

They are found in sheltered areas such as bays, bayous, lagoons, and estuaries; they are also
seen in freshwater lakes and salty lakes (or inland seas) alike, wherein many rivers and creeks
end.

Highugh mudflats are composed of a mixture of sand and mud, the mud content is
sufficiently high for the sediment to exhibit cohesive proper- ties. They are bounded in many
areas by lower lying sandflats, and above high water neap tide by a zone where marsh
vegetation grows.

The study area is characterized by narrow to vast tidal Mudflat in inter tidal zone in
between High Tide level to low tide level. Slop of the area is Around 2° to 3°. In study area
many Mudflat are covered by Recent sediment which are also included under this category.

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MARSHY LAND

A Marsh is a type of wetland, an area of land where water covers ground for long periods of
time. Unlike swamps, which are dominated by trees, marshes are usually treeless and
dominated by grasses Marsh is a type of wetland, an area of land where water covers ground
for long periods of time. Unlike swamps, which are dominated by trees, marshes are usually
treeless and dominated by grasses and other herbaceous plant.

In this area total three delta are present and all are tide dominant delta. The marshy
condition will support the growth of rich biological diversity. So from ecosystem point of view
marshy land is very important

MARSHY LAND (A)

MARSHY LAND (B)

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RIVER CLIFF

A Cut bank, also known as a river cliff or river-cut cliff, is the outside bank of a water
channel (stream), which is continually undergoing erosion. In the study area we also Find river
cliff. The average height of the river cliff is 4 to 5 m.

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CONCLUSION

The study area is mainly consists of the Raised Mud, Tidal Mudflat, Marshy and Swampy
land, Beaches and Creeks like geomorphic features. By the study of Remote Sensing data
significant and prominent various geomorphologic landforms have been identified and
described in the present study.

In the entire Gulf of Khambhat, Narmada River mouth (located on the eastern margin of the
gulf) has the highest deposition of the sediment. Comparatively Sabarmati River mouth of the
study is less active in the terms of the deposition of the sediments. Vishwamitri and Mahi
Rivers carry moderate amount of the sediment load suspension.

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REFERENCE

 https://www.learnpick.in/prime/documents/ppts/geography
 https://serc.carleton.edu/vignettes/collection/31963.html
 https://www.tripadvisor.in/ShowUserReviews-g8291128-d8284957-r626841838-
Shree_Stambheshwar_Mahadev-Jambusar_Bharuch_District_Gujarat.html
 https://www.researchgate.net/publication/358849105_Coastal_Geomorphological_Study_fr
om_Kavi_to_Dahej_Coastline_Gulf_of_Khambhat_Gujarat_Using_Remote_Sensing_and_
GIS
 https://pravase.co.in/thingstododetail/331/india/gujarat/vadodara/stambheshwar-mahadev-
mandir-kavi-kamboi-jambusar-vadodara-submerging-temple
 https://www.researchgate.net/publication/358849268_Geomorphology_of_Ghogha_to_Dho
lera_Coast_Gulf_of_Khambhat_western_India_A_Remote_Sensing_and_GIS_Approach

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