Materials

& Hardware

25/3/2020
 TABLE OF CONTENTS

1. Standard Unions For Aircraft Hydraulic, Fuel, Oil, Pneumatic And Air
System Pipes
2. Flared Tube Fittings
3. Ms Flareless Fittings
4. O-ring Fittings

2
STANDARD UNIONS FOR AIRCRAFT HYDRAULIC, FUEL, OIL,
PNEUMATIC AND AIR SYSTEM PIPES

ü Depending on the type and use, fittings will have either pipe threads or
machine threads

ü Pipe threads are similar to those used in ordinary plumbing and are
tapered, both internal and external

ü External threads are referred to as male threads and internal threads are
female threads

3
STANDARD UNIONS FOR AIRCRAFT HYDRAULIC, FUEL, OIL,
PNEUMATIC AND AIR SYSTEM PIPES

ü When two fittings are joined, a male into a female, the thread taper forms a
seal

ü Some form of pipe thread lubricant approved for the particular fluid
application should be used when joining pipe threads to prevent seizing and
high-pressure leakage

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STANDARD UNIONS FOR AIRCRAFT HYDRAULIC, FUEL, OIL,
PNEUMATIC AND AIR SYSTEM PIPES

ü Use care when applying thread lubricant so that the lubricant will not enter
and contaminate the system

ü Do not use lubricants on oxygen lines

ü Oxygen will react with petroleum products and can ignite (special
lubricants are available for oxygen systems)

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STANDARD UNIONS FOR AIRCRAFT HYDRAULIC, FUEL, OIL,
PNEUMATIC AND AIR SYSTEM PIPES

vách ngăn giữ chặt

üWhen a fluid line passes through a bulkhead, and it is desired to secure the
line to the bulkhead, a bulkhead fitting should be used

üThe end of the fitting that passes through the bulkhead is longer than the
other end(s), which allows a locknut to be installed, securing the fitting to the
bulkhead

üFittings attach one piece of tubing to another, or to system units

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STANDARD UNIONS FOR AIRCRAFT HYDRAULIC, FUEL, OIL,
PNEUMATIC AND AIR SYSTEM PIPES

There are mainly three types of fittings:

1. Flared fittings phụ kiện loe

2. Flareless fittings không loe

3. Permanent fittings Vĩnh Viễn

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STANDARD UNIONS FOR AIRCRAFT HYDRAULIC, FUEL, OIL,
PNEUMATIC AND AIR SYSTEM PIPES

üThe amount of pressure that the system carries and the material used are
usually the deciding factors in selecting a connector
khớp nối có hạt ống nước
hạt
üThe beaded type of fitting, which requires a bead and a section of hose and
kẹp ống nước
hose clamps, is used only in low- or medium-pressure systems, such as
vacuum and coolant systems

üThe flared, flareless, or permanent type fittings may be used as connectors

in all systems, regardless of the pressure

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 FLARED TUBE FITTINGS
1. Flared end
Táp
üFlaring the end of a tube is a process typically used to form a liquid tight,
airtight connection at the end of a tube
Mối nối ống thổi
üThe joint is designed so that the inside surface of the flare has a larger
diameter so it does not interfere with flow characteristics of the system
cản trở
bộ phận loe chịu đựng
üThe flared parts are frequently subjected to very strong pressures; the
flared tube must have the appropriate form, otherwise the fitting will leak or
will be damaged

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 FLARED TUBE FITTINGS
1. Flared end

The basic design is simple, which uses a flared tube end to hold and seal the
medium under pressure

10
 FLARED TUBE FITTINGS
2. Flared tube fitting construction

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 FLARED TUBE FITTINGS

ü Main construction consists of three pieces:

1. the body
2. sleeve tay áo

3. nut
có góc loe
ü The end of the tube is flared included angle and held in between the body
nose and the sleeve with a nut on top of them, thus resulting in a very
effective seal between the fittings and the flared tube
vòng đệm, niêm phong

12
 FLARED TUBE FITTINGS

ü Fitting combinations composed of different alloys should be avoided to

prevent dissimilar metal corrosion

dễ dàng lắp đặt căn chỉnh

ü As with all fitting combinations, ease of assembly, alignment, and proper
lubrication should be assured when tightening fittings during installation.
bôi trơn
được đảm bảo

13
 FLARED TUBE FITTINGS
nhận dạng
3. Flared tube fitting identification: rõ ràng
Standard AN fittings are identified by their black, blue color or apparent
color

v All AN steel fittings are colored black

v All AN aluminum fittings are colored blue

cadium
v AN aluminum bronze fitting are cadmium plated or natural in
appearance

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FLARED TUBE FITTINGS

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 FLARED TUBE FITTINGS
3. Flared tube fitting identification:

– The standard AN fitting is the most commonly used, in the case of flared
tubes, so as to connect the tubes to the various types of fittings necessary
in the whole systems of an aircraft.
– The standard fittings AN includes the nut AN818 and the sleeve AN819
– The sleeve AN819 is used with the connecting nut AN818.
– All these fittings have a right thread cutting, but the various types have
different pitches

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FLARED TUBE FITTINGS

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 FLARED TUBE FITTINGS

üThe dimension of these fittings is in sixteenth of an inch, corresponding to

the nominal external diameter

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 FLARED TUBE FITTINGS

üThe threaded fittings for the flared have two types of ends, called males or
females

üThe male end carries an external thread whereas the female end carries an
internal thread

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FLARED TUBE FITTINGS

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 FLARED TUBE FITTINGS
4. AN flared tube fitting shapes

đa dạng
üA 37°- AN flared fitting is an excellent pressure fitting having a broad
selection of styles and shapes and is very extensively used all over the globe

đơn giản nhỏ gọn

üMain features that call for its use are its simplicity, compactness in design,
ease of assembly, high reliability, easy availability and global acceptance
dễ lắp ráp tin cậy

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 FLARED TUBE FITTINGS
4. AN flared tube fitting shapes
bộ điều hợp ống
ü These flare fittings can also be used as hose adapters

üThe end of the tube is flared to 74 degrees included angle and held in
between the body nose and the sleeve with a nut on top of them, thus
resulting in a very effective seal between the fittings and the flared tube

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FLARED TUBE FITTINGS

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 FLARED TUBE FITTINGS
các thanh kéo nguội
ü Straight flare fitting are normally manufactured from cold drawn bar stocks
and all angular fittings from forgings
rèn
kết cấu rèn kết cấu hạt
ü This kind of forged construction results in very close grain structure and
also gives high reliability to the fitting eliminating all possibilities of leakage
and can withstand high pressures with numerous makes and remakes even
under severe operating conditions

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 FLARED TUBE FITTINGS

ü Also these fittings can be easily used in both metric and inch tubing's

ü One single 37 degree fitting body can take both metric and inch tubes just
by change in sleeves

ü The nuts used are the same, so the cost of the component comes down
drastically and also the inventory

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 FLARED TUBE FITTINGS
Other standards
The most common flare fitting standards in use today are the 37 degree
AN style for aircraft applications.

không tương thích

Note: Different standards are incompatibles

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 FLARED TUBE FITTINGS
Other standards:
45Deg Flared Fitting (SAE)(society of american engineers):

– SAE flared fittings seal in the same manner as described for AN,
however the mating surfaces are machined at 45deg.
– These couplings are usually used for low pressure applications such
as refrigerant
chất làm lạnh
and fuel lines in conjunction with copper tubing which
flares easily to 45de kết hợp

27
 FLARED TUBE FITTINGS
Other standards:
Ring Boss:
– The O ring boss fitting is a modification of the male JIC where the
mũi vát 37 beveled 37Deg nose has been removed and a groove has been
machined between the threads and the hex in which an O-ring is
seated
– The female is a port which has been tapped to the proper straight
thread size and chamfered at the port face to provide an O-ring seat
– The seal is made when the O-ring is trapped between port chamfer,
thread under cut and the male.

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 MS FLARELESS FITTINGS

üMS flareless fittings are designed primarily for high pressure (3,000 psi)
hydraulic systems that may be subjected to severe vibration or fluctuating
pressure

üUsing this type of fitting eliminates all tube flaring, yet provides a safe and
strong, dependable tube connection

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 MS FLARELESS FITTINGS

The fitting consists of three parts:

1. A body
2. A ferrule dạng như chuôi cầm
3. A nut

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 MS FLARELESS FITTINGS

The flareless fitting gradually is gaining wider acceptance in the aircraft

applications because it requires minimal tube preparation

It handles average fluid working

pressures to 3000 psi and is more
tolerant of vibration than
other types of all-metal fittings.

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 MS FLARELESS FITTINGS

– Tightening the fitting’s nut onto the body draws a ferrule into the body.

– The compresses the ferrule around the tube

co lại xuyên qua chu vi bên ngoài

– This causes the ferrule to contract then penetrate the outer circumference
of the tube creating a positive seal

– Because of this flareless fittings must be used with medium-or-thick walled

tubing.

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 O-RING FITTINGS

Fittings that use O-rings for leak-tight connections continue to gain

acceptance by equipment designers around the world

Two basic types now are available:

Ø SAE straight-thread O-ring boss fittings

Ø Flat-Face O-Ring (FFOR) fittings

The choice between O-ring boss and FFOR fittings usually depends on
such factors as fitting location, wrench clearance, or individual preference
độ hở cờ lê

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 O-RING FITTINGS
1. SAE straight-thread O-ring boss fitting:
mặt bích
Flange connections generally are used for applications involving extremely
high pressures
Ø Non-adjustable fittings:

không rò rỉ
üA leak-tight seal is formed against a machined seat on the female port
ü O-ring boss fittings fall into two general groups: adjustable and non-
adjustable
phích cắm đầu nối
ü Nonadjustable (or non-orientable) fittings include plugs and connectors
üThese are simply screwed into a port, and no alignment is needed
vặn ko cần chỉnh

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 O-RING FITTINGS
Ø Adjustable fittings:

khuỷu
üAdjustable fittings, such as elbows and tees, need to be oriented in a
specific direction

non adjustable vs adjustable

üThe basic design difference between the two types is that plugs and
connectors have no locknuts and require no back-up washer to effectively
seal a joint máy giặt dự phòng
niêm phong 1 khớp

35
 O-RING FITTINGS
Ø Adjustable fittings: DT vành khuyên có mặt bích khoang làm kín
hình côn
üThey depend on their flanged annular area to push the O-ring into the port's
ép làm kín
tapered seal cavity and squeeze the O-ring to seal the connection
üAdjustable fittings are screwed into the mating member, oriented in the
required direction, and locked in place when a locknut is tightened
üTightening the locknut also forces a captive backup washer onto the O-ring,
máy giặt dự phòng cố định
which forms the leak-tight seal
( tạo thành vòng đệm kín)
üAssembly is always predicatble, because technicians need only make sure
that the backup washer is firmly seated on the port’s spot face surface when
the assembly is completed and that is completed and that is tightened
properly

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O-RING FITTINGS

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 O-RING FITTINGS
2. Flat-face O-ring (FFOR) fittings:
The FFOR fitting forms a seal between rãnh
a flat,
tròn
finished surface on the female
lõm
half and an O-ring held in a recessed circular groove in the male half, Turning
đai ốc có ren cố định kéo 2 nữa lại vs nhau
a captive threaded nut on the female half draws the two halves together and
compresses the O-ring.

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 O-RING FITTINGS

üFittings with O-ring seals offer a number of advantages over metal-to-metal

fittings

üWhile under-or over-tightening any fitting can allow leakage, all-metal

fittings are more susceptible to leakage because they must be tightened to
within a higher, yet narrower torque range

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 O-RING FITTINGS

üThis makes it easier to strip threads or crack or distort fitting components,

which prevents proper sealing

üThe rubber-to-metal seal in O-ring fittings does not distort any metal parts
and provides a tangible "feel" when the connection is tight

ü All-metal fittings tighten more gradually, so technicians may have trouble

detecting when a connection is tight enough but not too tight

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 O-RING FITTINGS

üOn the other hand, O-ring fittings are more expensive than their all-metal
counterparts, and care must be exercised during installation to ensure that
the O-ring doesn't fall out or get damaged when the assemblies are
connected

ü In addition, O-rings are not interchangeable-among all couplings

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