STELLAR ACADEMY for Physics, Chemistry, Math, Biology

by Engr. Rashik Sir (BUET-EEE)

10/1, Iqbal Road, Mohammadpur, Dhaka; 01531957204, 01810069790

Aa¨vq 10 5
= (1.013  10 + 41.35  1000  9.8)

Av`k© M¨vm I M¨v‡mi MwZZË¡ = 5.07  10 Nm

5 2

n«‡`i Zj‡`‡k †ejy‡bi AvqZb, V2 = (1 + 1)L = 2L

LECTURE-1
awi, n«‡`i DcwiZ‡j †ejy‡bi AvqZb = V1m3
Avgiv Rvwb, P1V1 = P2V2
Q1: w¯’i ZvcgvÎvq 5 wjUvi evqyc~Y© GKwU †ejby‡K †U‡b n«‡`i Zj‡`‡k 5
5.07  10  2
wb‡q †M‡j †mwU 1 wjUvi AvqZb aviY K‡i| †ejy‡bi m‡e©v”P aviY¶gZv ev, V1 = 1.013  105
9 wjUvi| n«‡`i cvwbi NbZ¡ 1000 kgm , evqygÊjxq Pvc 1.013  10 Nm
3 5 2

Ges g = 9.8 ms2| V1 = 10 L

†ejy‡bi m‡e©v”P aviY ¶gZv 9L < V1
M. n«‡`i MfxiZv wbY©q Ki|
myZivs, n«‡`i Zj‡`‡k Av‡iv 1 L evqy c~Y© K‡i †Q‡o w`‡j †ejybwU A¶Z
N. n«‡`i Zj‡`‡k _vKv Ae¯’vq †ejybwU‡Z Av‡iv 1 wjUvi evqy c~Y© K‡i Ae¯’vq cvwbi DcwiZ‡j Avm‡e bv|
†Q‡o w`‡j †ejybwU A¶Z Ae¯’vq cvwbi DcwiZ‡j Avm‡e wKbv MvwYwZK
we‡k­lY Ki| Q2: 22cm e¨vmv‡a©i GKwU dzUej 20C ZvcgvÎv I 1.60  105 Pa Pv‡c
evqy Øviv c~Y© Av‡Q| m~‡h©¨ Zv‡c Gi ZvcgvÎv 40C n‡jv| dzUe‡ji

M †`Iqv Av‡Q, Pvgovi Amncxob 2.51010Nm–2|
n«‡`i DcwiZ‡j evqyc~Y© †ejy‡bi AvqZb, V1 = 5L = 5  103m3 M. dzUe‡ji AvqZb wVK _vK‡j Af¨š—‡i evqyi Pvc KZ n‡e?

n«‡`i DcwiZ‡j evqyc~Y© †ejy‡bi Pvc, P1 = 1.013  105Nm2 N. DÏxc‡Ki DËß dzUej w`‡q †Ljv cwiPvjbv Kiv wbivc` wKbv
hvPvB Ki|
n«‡`i Zj‡`‡k evqyc~Y© †ejy‡bi AvqZb, V2 = 1 L = 1  103 m3

M †`Iqv Av‡Q,
cvwbi NbZ¡,  = 1000 kgm3
dzUe‡ji Af¨š—‡ii evqyi Avw` ZvcgvÎv, T1 = 20C = 293K
AwfKl©R Z¡iY, g = 9.8ms2
Ges P‚ovš— ZvcgvÎv, T2 = 40C = (40 + 273) K = 313K
awi, n«‡`i MfxiZv = h m Avw` Pvc, P1 = 1.6  105 Pa
 n«‡`i Zj‡`‡k Pvc, P2 = (P1 + hg)Nm2 †ei Ki‡Z n‡e, P‚ovš— Pvc, P2 = ?
Avgiv Rvwb, G‡¶‡Î M¨v‡mi AvqZb I fi wbw`©ó _vKvq, Pv‡ci m~Îvbymv‡i,
P1V1 = P2V2 P2 P1
3 3 T2 = T1
ev, P1  5  10 = (P1 + hg)  1  10
T2 5 313K 5
ev, 5P1 = P1 + hg  P2 = P1 T = 1.6  10 Pa  293K = 1.71  10 Pa (Ans.)
1

ev, hg = 4P1 

N ÔMÕ As‡ki MvwYwZK we‡k­lY n‡Z cvB, 40C ZvcgvÎvq dzUe‡ji
4  1.013  10
5 Af¨š—‡i M¨v‡mi Pvc = 1.71  105Pa
ev, h = 1000  9.8
Rvbv Av‡Q, dzUe‡ji evB‡ii c„‡ôi Ici evqygÛjxq Pvc = 105Pa
 h = 41.35 m (Ans.) 5 5 4
 dzUe‡ji Pvgovi Ici jwä Pvc = 1.7  10 Pa  10 Pa = 7  10 Pa

N GLv‡b, A_P, DÏxcK g‡Z dzUe‡ji Pvgovi Amncxob = 2.5  1010 Nm–2, hv
4
7 10 Pa n‡Z A‡bK †ewk|
n«‡`i DcwiZ‡j Pvc, P1 = 1.013  105 Nm2
myZivs, DÏxc‡Ki DËß dzUej w`‡q †Ljv cwiPvjbv Kiv wbivc`, KviY
n«‡`i MfxiZv, h = 41.35 m dzUejwU G‡Z dvU‡e bv|
cvwbi NbZ¡,  = 1000 kgm3
AwfKl©R Z¡iY, g = 9.8 ms2
 n«‡`i Zj‡`‡k Pvc, P2 = (P1 + hg) Nm2

Engr. Rashik Sir (BUET-EEE) 10/1, Iqbal Road, Mohammadpur; 01531957204, 01810069790
 STELLAR ACADEMY for Physics, Chemistry, Math, Biology
by Engr. Rashik Sir (BUET-EEE)
10/1, Iqbal Road, Mohammadpur, Dhaka; 01531957204, 01810069790

Q 3: 2  10 m
2 3
AvqZb wewkó GKwU wmwjÛvi 300 K ZvcgvÎvq GKRb H.W.
†ivMxi e¨env‡ii Rb¨ mieivn Kiv n‡jv| wmwjÛviwU‡Z 3  105 Pa Pv‡c
Aw·‡Rb M¨vm ivLv Av‡Q| k¦vm Kó nIqvq †ivMxwU wKQy cwigvY Aw·‡Rb 1| 760 wgwjwgUvi Pv‡c wKQz gv‡e©jmn GKwU M¨v‡mi AvqZb 100
M¨vm e¨envi Kivq wmwjÛv‡ii Pvc wb‡`©kK hš¿ 2  105 Pa wb‡`©k K‡i| Nb †m.wg.| Pvc 1000 wg.wg. ch©šÍ evov‡j ‡gvU AvqZb 80 Nb
wmwjÛviwUi mnbkxj ZvcgvÎv 573K †m.wg. nq|
M. DÏxc‡K e¨en„Z Aw·‡R‡bi cwigvY KZ? (M) DÏxc‡Ki DcvË n‡Z gv‡e©‡ji AvqZb wbY©q Ki|
(N) DÏxc‡Ki DcvË n‡Z gv‡e©‡ji AvqZb wbY©‡q e¨eüZ m~ÎwU
N. DÏxc‡K ewY©Z wmwjÛviwUi Pvc 3  105 Pa G AcwiewZ©Z †i‡L Kx
Av`k© M¨v‡mi †Kvb m~·K mg_©b K‡i hyw³mn we‡kølY Ki|
cwigvY Aw·‡Rb cÖ‡ek Kiv‡bv wbivc`?
M GLv‡b, Avw` AvqZb, V1 = 2  102m3
 2| 6L m‡ev©”P aviYÿgZv m¤úbœ GKwU †ejyb 20C ZvcgvÎvq GKwU
kxZvZc wbqwš¿Z K‡ÿ wbw`©ó cwigvY M¨vm c~Y© Kiv nq|
Avw` Pvc, P1 = 3  105 Pa cieZx©‡Z †ejybwU 35 C ZvcgvÎvq †Lvjvgv‡V Dov‡Z wb‡q
ZvcgvÎv, T1 = 300 K hvIqvq Zv †d‡U †Mj|
cwiewZ©Z Pvc, P2 = 2  105 Pa (M) DÏxc‡Ki DcvË n‡Z M¨vmwUi Avw` Pvc 3105Pa n‡j
awi, Avw` †gvj msL¨v = n1 †kl Pvc KZ n‡e?
(N) DÏxc‡Ki DcvË n‡Z †ejybwU‡Z 5.5L evqyc~Y© Kiv n‡j Zv
cwiewZ©Z †gvj msL¨v = n2
dvU‡e wK-bv MvwYwZK we‡køl‡Yi gva¨‡g †`LvI|
P1V1 P2V2
 n1 = RT Ges n2 = RT 3| 27C ZvcgvÎvq Ges 98.66103 Nm–2 Pv‡c nvB‡Wªv‡Rb
M¨v‡mi AvqZb 0.0011 m3|
G‡¶‡Î, V1 = V2 = V
P1V 2 PV (M) DÏxc‡Ki DcvË n‡Z 25C ZvcgvÎvq M¨vmwUi AvqZb
n1 = RT Ges n2 = RT
wbY©q Ki|
 †ivMxi e¨en„Z †gvj msL¨v = n1  n2 (N) DÏxc‡Ki DcvË n‡Z MvwYwZK we‡køl‡Yi gva¨‡g M¨vmwU‡Z
AYyi msL¨v wbY©q Ki|
P1V P2V V
= RT  RT = (P1  P2) RT
4| n«‡`i Zj‡`‡ki cvwbi ZvcgvÎv 17C| GKUv ey`ey`‡K Zj‡`k
2
2  10 m
3 †_‡K c„‡ô wb‡q †M‡j Gi AvqZb cwieZ©b nq, n«‡`i cvwbi
5 5
= (3  10 Pa  2  10 Pa) = 0.8018 DcwiZ‡j Pvc 105 Nm–2 Ges ZvcgvÎv 30C|
8.314 J mol K  300 K
1 1

 e¨en„Z O2 Gi fi = n  M (M) DÏxc‡Ki DcvË n‡Z ey`ey`‡K Zj‡`k †_‡K c„‡ô †bIqv nq
= 0.8018  32gm [O2 Gi †gvjvi fi 32 gm] ZLb Gi e¨vmva© Pvi ¸Y n‡q hvq Avw` AvqZ‡bi| hw` cvwbi
ZvcgvÎv aªæeK nq n«‡`i MfxiZv wbY©q Ki|
3
= 0.8018  32  10 kg
(N) DÏxc‡Ki DcvË n‡Z hw` cvwbi MfxiZv 10m nq Z‡e
= 0.0257 kg (Ans.)
cvwbi c„‡ôi AvqZb Zj‡`‡ki AvqZ‡bi KZ¸Y n‡e?
N wmwjÛv‡i Aw·‡Rb cÖ‡ek Kiv‡bvi d‡j Aw·‡R‡bi AvqZb e„w×
cv‡e| Pvc AcwiewZ©Z _vKvq AvqZb e„w×i mv‡_ mv‡_ Gi ZvcgvÎv e„w× 5| GKw`b Zv‡iK 1 evqygÛjxq Pv‡c 1660 wjUvi Aw·‡Rb‡K GKwU
†c‡Z _v‡K| G‡¶‡Î ZvcgvÎv mnbkxj ZvcgvÎvi †ewk nIqv hv‡e bv| U¨vs‡K cÖ‡ek Kiv‡jv| Gi wKQzÿY ci Pvc Kwg‡q 72cm cvi` Pv‡ci
†`qv Av‡Q, Avw` AvqZb, V1 = 2  102 m3 mgvb K‡i Zv †ei Kij| H w`‡bi ZvcgvÎv wQj 300K Ges Aw·‡R‡bi
AvYweK fi 32gmol–1 Ges me©Rbxb aªæeK R = 8.314 J mol–1K–1|
Avw` ZvcgvÎv, T1 = 300 K; †kl ZvcgvÎv = mnbkxj ZvcgvÎv = 573 K
†kl AvqZb, V2 = ? (M) DÏxc‡Ki DcvË n‡Z Aw·‡R‡bi fi wbY©q Ki|

2  10 m  573 K (N) DÏxc‡Ki DcvË n‡Z Pvc Kgv‡bvi ci 50g Aw·‡R‡bi
2 3
V V VT
Avgiv Rvwb, T 1 = T 2 ev, V2 = T1 2 = 300 K = 3.82 
1 2 1 AvqZb 50L Gi †ewk n‡e wK-bv MvwYwZK we‡køl‡Yi gva¨‡g
10 m
2 3
†`LvI|
 DÏxc‡K ewY©Z wmwjÛviwUi Pvc AcwiewZ©Z †i‡L AwZwi³ (3.82 
10 2  10 )m cwigvY ev, 1.82  10 m Aw·‡Rb wbivc‡` cÖ‡ek
2 2 3 2 3

Kiv‡bv hv‡e|

Engr. Rashik Sir (BUET-EEE) 10/1, Iqbal Road, Mohammadpur; 01531957204, 01810069790