Base isolation system

Supervision of:
Assoc .Prof. / Ahmed Mahmoud El-Gamal

Prepared by:
1-Amr Hosny 2-Rahma Mahmoud 3-Mohamed elgzar 4-Fagr Ehab
5-Abdelrahman Ahmed 6- Donia Ashraf 7-Heba abo Koba
-Introduction:
-The law of inertia is important when talking
about buildings in an earthquake. A building can
be thought of as a large mass, and according to
the law of inertia, it wants to stay at rest an
remain motionless unless acted on by an outside
force.
-In an earthquake, the bottom parts of the
building move and the upper parts of the building
don’t because of inertia. This is called inertial
force. This puts a lot of stress on the parts that
make up the building. It is the inertial force that
engineers have to try and minimize when
designing buildings.
-One of the ways that earthquake engineers
protect a building is to use the inertia of the
building to their advantage. If they can keep the
body from moving then the top floor won’t move
either!
-So, if an engineer can fined a way to keep the earthquake from acting on the building, it won’t
move. Therefore, we resorted to use base isolation.

-What is Base isolation?

The fundamental principle of a base isolation system is to alter the response of the
building structure so that the ground below it can move easily without transmitting
these motion forces to the building structure above.This is achieved by separating or
isolating the superstructure from its substructure that is resting on a shaking ground.
Thus the structure has less effect due to earthquake forces.
-Advantage of base isolation:
1-The relative displacement of ground and the structure is zero for a perfectly rigid,
zero period structure, since the acceleration induced in the structure is same as that of
ground motion. Whereas in an ideal flexible structure, there is no acceleration induced
in the structure, thus relative displacement of the structure will be equal to the ground
displacement.
The response of a base isolated structure and a structure without base isolation can be
illustrated as shown in the figure below. The displacement and acceleration is
controlled by base isolation.

2-Reduced the seismic demand of structure, there by reducing the cost of structure.
3-Reduced the damages caused during an earthquake. This helps in maintaining the
performance of structure after event.
-CLASSIFICTION OF ISOLATERS

ISOLATERS

LAMINATED-
SLIDING BEARING
RUBBER BEARING

LEAD-
RUBBER FRICTION PENDULUM
RUBBER
BEARING BEARING
BEARING

SLIDING BEARING

• FRICTION PENDULUM BEARING

The friction pendulum bearing is composed of an upper support plate, a lower support
plate, an articulated slider, a sliding spherical surface, and a low-friction material. The
upper support plate has a sliding cavity. When the slider slides, the block can be kept
level along the slide. The chute has the same radius of curvature as the surface of the
chute, and the surface of the chute is coated with a low-friction material, such as
polytetrafluoroethylene. When the earthquake action exceeds the static friction force,
the slider moves the superstructure back and forth to dissipate energy. The friction and
stiffness in the sliding phase are proportional to the vertical load. The horizontal force
of the support is the combined force of the friction force of the sliding surface and the
restoring force generated by the rising of the superstructure along the spherical surface
of the slideway.
TYPE OF FRICTION PENDULUM BEARING:
Single concave friction Double concave friction
pendulum isolator. pendulum isolator.

Triple concave friction

pendulum isolator.
Each of them is evolved over the former and is more effective I n comparison. The
design of TFPB’s are more complex on comparison with the first FPB system, single
friction pendulum bearing. The major difference among the three lies in the number of
sliding surfaces. The single concave FPB has only one concave surface, which is on
the bottom plate. The top plate has a flat surface with a cavity to accommodate the
articulated slider. The double concave FPB differs from the single in terms of the
bottom bearing plate which is concave and hence the bearing is not restricted to a
single plate . Finally, the triple concave FPB is the same as the double, however with
another pair of sliding plates between the outer surfaces and the bearing, making four
sliding surfaces. The difference between each three lies in the effectiveness and the
designs but their functions do not. Triple concave FPB structures have much higher
bearing displacement capacities among the three FPBs, concluding it as the
most advanced among the three.

Triple concave FPB:

when triple friction pendulum bearing isolators with different friction coefficients and
friction surface radii are compared, it can be observed that increasing the friction
coefficient increases the reactions of the structure while increasing the friction surface
radii decreases the reactions.

MODELING AND ANALYSIS:

Modeling and numerical analysis were conducted using the software ETABS Nonlinear
version 2016. 5 stories real building was modeled and the properties as described in
table :
Total height of the building: 19.2 m Thickness of slab: 30cm
3.6m Basement Grade of concrete: M25
Height of each story:
3.9 m Other floors
Size of beam: 25x90 cm Grade of structural Fe350
steel:
C1: 40x70 cm
Size of column: C2: 40x100 cm
C3: 40x120cm Importance factor : 1
C4: 40x140 cm
C5: 70x70 cm
Link properties of triple pendulum isolator:
Results:
With triple pendulum isolator:
X- direction: Y- direction:
References.
• https://www.academia.edu/3851359/base_isolation
• https://civildigital.com/base-isolation-system-outline-on-principles-types-
advantages-applications/
• Performance comparisons of triple friction pendulum bearings with different sliding
surface properties ,Muhammad Zulfakar , Ali Ihsan Karakas (Karadeniz Technical
University, Department of Civil Engineering, Trabzon, Turkey)
• Research on Torsional Effect of Friction Pendulum Isolation Structure Based on
Nonlinear Time History Analysis( Baolun Wang, Cong Li , Tao Jin , Minghui Zhang
and Shan Huang)
• International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) (Analysis of
friction pendulum bearing isolated structure)
• https://www.researchgate.net/publication/238439732_Modeling_Triple_Friction_Pe
ndulum_Bearings_for_Response-History_Analysis#pf11