All About MagnetsCover Photo: © Michae! Newman/PhotoEdit nc. Photography Credits +. PHOTOTAKE Inc,/Alamy. 2: © Carl Tremblay/Index Stock Imagery, Inc. 4: © Dave Robertson/Masterfile, 4-5: © Erich Schrempp/Photo Researchers, Inc. 5: (er) © The McGraw-Hill Companies Ine-/Ken Cavanagh Photographer. 6; © Leslie Garland Picture Library/Alamy. 7: © The McGraw-Hill Companies Inc./Ken Cavanagh Photographer. 8: © Cartesia/PhotoDisc Imaging/Getty Images. 9: © PHOTOTAKE Inc./Alamy; 10: © Leonerd Lessin/Peter Arnold, Inc. 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No part of this publication may be reproduced or distributed in any form or by any means, or stored in a database or retrieval system, without the prior written consent of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. including, but not limited to, network storage or transmission, or broadcast for distence learning. Book Design and Production: Herman Adler Design, Printed in the United States of America 12345678 9 BSF 10 09 08 07 06All About Viagnets Table of Contents Chapter | All Kinds of Magnets......... 2 Chapter 2 Push and Pull................ 6 Chapter 3 How We Use Magnets........ 10 Glossary... eee cece eee I5Do you have magnets in your home? You have magnets in your telephone, in your washing machine, probably in your can opener, too. Some of your toys have magnets. You may even have magnets on your refrigerator door. They may be holding up photos of you right now! 2Magnets are everywhere. They can move some things without touching them. They can pick up other things. What is so special about a magnet? A magnet can attract, or pull, objects toward it.A magnet will not attract just any object. The object it attracts must be made of special metals such as iron or steel. Magnets are also made of these metals. Any object that is able to be pulled to a magnet is magnetic.Objects made of rubber, paper, and plastic are not magnetic. Magnets cannot pull, or attract, them. _~ — . =~—-¢ a a A magnet can pull metal objects.(Onel(ar4 Push and Pull Magnets come in all shapes and sizes. They can be in the shape of a candy bar, a horseshoe, or even a circle. Magnets can be large or small. But they all share one thing. All magnets have two poles. 6All magnets have a north pole and a south pole. One end of the magnet is called the north pole. The other end is called the south pole. Suppose you put two magnets next to each other. The north pole and the south pole would attract, or pull toward each other. But two north poles or two south poles would repel, or push each other away. Remember: Opposite poles attract. Like poles repel. 7Did you know that Earth is a big magnet? That is because Earth has a lot of iron in it. The iron turns slowly inside Earth. That creates a magnetic field around Earth. 8The iron filings on the paper are being pulled toward the magnet'’s magnetic field. All magnets have a magnetic field. This is the area around a magnet where its force pulls or pushes objects. The closer the object is to the magnet, the stronger the pull or push. The farther away the object is, the weaker the pull or push.Long ago, sailors and travelers used magnets. They used lodestone to find their way. Lodestone has iron in it. This stone is a natural magnet. It pointed north and south. It was the earliest compass. Lodestone can attract the magnetic needles of a compass.Today, people use magnets every day. Many motors need magnets to work. Motors give machines energy. Big motors in cars and trucks work with magnets. Magnets are also in tiny motors, too. You can also find magnets in parts of your computer.A maglev train works with super-large magnets. The maglev train is the fastest train in the world. It travels more than 483 kilometers (300 miles) an hour. That is faster than a race car! 12WOU Maglev trains are high-speed trains in many countries. The name of this train comes from the words magnetic and levitate. To levitate means “to float in the air.” A maglev train floats above the tracks. The magnetic field between the train and the tracks is what keeps the train in the air.Space shuttles work with magnets, too! People have used magnets for a long time. Today, magnets are a part of our lives. How do you think we will use magnets in the future? 14attract (uh-TRAKT) to pull (page 3) compass (KUM-puhs) a tool with a magnetic needle that always points to Earth's North Pole (page /0) lodestone (LOHD-stohn) a kind of rock that is a natural magnet (page /0) magnetic (mag-NET-ik) able to be pulled to a magnet (page 4) magnetic field (mag-NET-ik FEELD) the area around a magnet where its force pulls (page 8) metal (MET-uhl) a substance, such as iron, that magnets are made of (page 4) poles (POHLZ) the ends of a magnet where the pull is strongest (page 6) repel (ri-PEL) to push away (page 7)attract, 3-5, 7, 10 compass, |0 Earth, 8 iron, 4, 8-9 levitate, 13 lodestone, I0 maglev train, 12-13 magnetic, 4-5, 10-11, 13 magnetic field, 8-9),.13 metal, 4-5 motor, Il poles, 6-7 pull, 3-5, 7,9 push, 7, 9 repel, 7 steel, 4Activities Directions Write your answers to these questions in your science journal. Then complete the reading and writing activities. Responding to Science 1. What does a magnet help you to do? (Reader’s Response) 2. How are magnets like the things they attract? (Interpret) 3. What materials in your classroom would a magnet not attract? (Apply) Reading in Science Compare and Contrast Read the book again with a partner. Talk with your partner about the things a magnet can and cannot attract. Writing in Science Report Look in a book or on the Internet for information about magnets. Take notes. Write a report that compares two types of magnets Tell how these two magnets are alike. Then write about how they are different. Writing That Gives Informationwww.macmillanmh.com Cera Macmillan Cee Wea