ier Ctr Nonfiction by Mark Norman and Ke Fa ey - yuu...empne ee ee eee 4 Read to | Find Out ; Why do people | need to protect | coral reefs? ' s see eee ees Photo Credits All Photographs are by Macmillan/McGraw- Hill (MMH) except as noted below: COV: The Image Bank/Getty Images. TOC: Digital Vision Direct. 2: Digital Vision Direct. 3: (t) Brandon D. Cole/Corbis; (c) Ralph A. Clevenger/Corbis; (b) Jurgen Freund/Nature Picture Library. 4: Mike Severns/Stone/Getty Images. 5: Georgette Douwma/The Image Bonk/Getty Images. 6: Reinhard Dirscherl/ Visuals Unlimited. 7-9: Digital Vision Direct. 10: Kelvin Aitken/Age Fotostock. ll: Brian Skerry/National Geographic/Getty Images. 12: Jeff Hunter/The Image Bank/Getty Images. 13: Michael Aw/Photodisc Green/Getty Images. |: The Image Bank/Getty Images. Ilustration Credits 2: Joe LeMonnier Taal Macmillan McGraw-Hill STRATEGIES AND SKILLS AT A GLANCE Comprehension * Strategy: Monitor Comprehension: Adjust Reading Rate * Skill: Make Inferences Vocabulary * beloved, glanced, gleamed, noble, promised, wiggled Support Words * glides, shallow, slime High-Frequency Words * fish, night, water Vocabulary Strategy * Word Parts: Inflected Verbs and Base Words Phonics * variant vowel /6/au,aw CONTENT-AREA VOCABULARY Words related to undersea creatures (see glossary) CONTENT STANDARDS Science * Life Science Word count: 582** Published by Macmillan/McGraw-Hill, of McGraw-Hill Education, a division of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., Two Penn Plaza, New York, New York 1012! Copyright © by Macmillan/McGraw-Hill. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or distributed in any form or by any means, or stored in a database or retrieval system, without the prior written consent of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., including, but not limited to, network storage or transmission, or broadcast for distance learning. Printed in the United States of America 23456789 BSF 10 09 08 0706 **The total word count is based upon words in the running text and headings only. Numerals and words in captions, labels, diagrams, charts, and sidebars are not included.AQ Goral§Reefs by Mark Norman and Karen Zipkas Table of Contents Chapter | A Coral City Chapter 2 Food and Shelter Chapter 3 Big Eaters Chapter 4 Busy at Night Chapter 5 Take Care of Coral Reefs Glossary/Index Comprehension CheckChapter | A Coral City A coral reef is like a big city under the water. A lot of sea creatures live around a coral reef. Coral reefs grow in shallow, warm seas. They grow all over the world. Amazing Fact The Great Barrier Reef is the largest coral reef in the world. It is near Australia. ARCTIC OCEAN 4 shallow: not deepTiny animals called polyps build corals. A polyp makes a coral cup to live in. A lot of cups form a coral reef. Corals have many shapes and sizes. Staghorn coral looks like spiky purple antlers. Plate coral looks like a large dinner plate. Brain coral looks like a big brain. (Danguage Called: Called has the MN -ed ending. Find two DETECTIVE more words with the -ed ending on page 7. Brain coralChapter 2 Food and Shelter Fish love coral reefs. There’s lots to eat! Parrotfish bite the coral with their sharp teeth.©Do you think a lionfish looks like a lion? Amazing Fact The spines on a lionfish can sting people and animals. Lionfish have red and white stripes. They also have long fins and spines. Lionfish use their long spines to trap small fish.Fish and other sea creatures also love coral reefs because there are lots of places to hide. Octopuses hide in holes in the coral. Sometimes they use a piece of coral like a door, which they open and shut. Octopuses can change color to match coral. That makes them hard to see. £ ;Clownfish live in sea anemones. Sea anemones look like plants, but they are animals. They have tentacles that sting. Clownfish are covered in slime. The slime protects them from being stung. Clownfish that have wiggled into tentacles can stay safe from hungry fish. slime: slippery thing ©Clownfish are safe in sea Amazing Fact anemone tentacles. Sea anemones close up into a ball when they are touched.Chapter 3 Sharks are big eaters. There’s a lot of food for them around coral reefs. Reef sharks hunt in caves and under the corals.Amazing Fact Sometimes a lot of hammerhead sharks swim together. They can help each other find smaller ®, fish to eat. s Hammerhead sharks also hunt in the reefs. They have nostrils and eyes on each side of their head. The sharks follow the smells in the water to find hurt or sick fish to eat. QDanguage Water: Find water two more times on page 11. DETECTIVEWhale sharks are almost as big as whales. They look scary, but they are noble and gentle. They swim with their mouths open to catch tiny fish and shrimp. ”)The giant manta ray is very big. It would cover most of your classroom floor! It glides through the water like a vacuum cleaner, feeding on tiny sea creatures. The manta ray can leap out of the water. Sometimes it lands on fishing boats. It doesn’t eat people, but it does have to be pushed back in the water. glides: moves slowly and easilyChapter 4 Busy at Night Most fish sleep at night, but it’s hard to tell. They have no eyelids. They sleep with their eyes open! Most coral reef creatures sleep at night, too. But some creatures only come out at night. A Moray eel that glanced around will sniff for sleeping fish and octopuses to eat.©The nautilus is related to the octopus but it looks very different. A nautilus is a sea creature that lives in a shell. During the day, it hides in deep water near coral reefs. At night, it swims around to hunt crabs. Amazing Fact Some fish have ago, nautiluses were their own lights! Flashlight fish have lights on their faces that gleam at night. Millions of years as big as cars!Chapter 5 Coral reefs are beautiful. They keep our oceans clean and healthy. They're home to a lot of creatures. People promised to protect our beloved coral reefs and the sea creatures that live there. Maybe one day, you can visit a coral reef! Danguage They're: They’re is a contraction. It means they are. A DETECTIVE Find another contraction on page 11.Glossary creatures living things, especially animals (page 2) nautilus an animal that looks like a swimming snail (page 13) sea anemones sea animals that have tentacles and stay on rocks or coral (page 7) spines sharp, pointed growths on a plant or animal (page 5) tentacles the long, thin body parts of some animals (page 7) Index clownfish, 7 octopus, 6, /2 flashlight fish, /3 parrotfish, 4 lionfish, 5 polyps, 3 manta ray, // sea anemones, 7 Moray eels, /2 sharks, 8-/0 nautilus, /3Comprehension Check Retell What I Read | | IK Complete the Inference - “_ Chart with your Inference class. Then retell the information in this book. Think and Compare I. Look at page 3. How do you know that most polyps are smaller than most coral? (Make Inferences) 2. How is your home different from a coral reef? How is it the same? (Analyze) 3. Why do people need to protect coral reefs? (Evaluate)racy Actiy;,.. At fa Fis i BSS et) y Coral Creature D: Pretend you are a sea creature living on a coral reef. What do you look like? What do you like to eat? Who are you scared of? Use these questions to write about yourself. = Make a Poster What can people do to protect coral reefs? Work in a small group. Think about ideas. Show them on a poster.2.4 Week 5 Macmillan McGraw-Hill