1896 Philippine Revolution

§ Magdalo (Cavite el Viejo)– Baldomero Aguinaldo

§ Magdiwang (Noveleta) – Mariano Alvarez
§ Disunity among the members of KKK in Cavite –

KKK in Cavite territory and logistics.

§ Magdalo wanted a revolutionary government;
Magdiwang wanted to retain KKK.

§ Dec. 31, 1896 – Imus Assembly

 § Friar’s estate in Barrio Tejeros – part of the town of San
Franciso de Malabon (now General Trias).

§ March 22, 1897

Tejeros § Emilio Aguinaldo was not present.

Convention § Artemio Ricarte

§ Andres Bonifacio
§ Santiago Alvarez
 § The session began under the presidency of Jacinto Lumbreras.
§ Severino Delas Alas – discussion of the kind of government.
§ Andres Bonifacio – K in the flag and the flag itself mean liberty and
the government of Katipunan was republican as members
recognized the principles of union, fraternity, and equality.

§ Antonio Montenegro – members would be tulisanes/brutes unless

definitive understanding is arrived at regarding the matter.

Artemio Ricarte § Santiago Alvarez was hurt by the words of Montenegro.

§ The session broke up in disorder.
§ One hour after, the session resumed but under the leadership of
Andres Bonifacio.

§ Andres Bonifacio – establish a supreme government to direct the

isnsurrection and supersede the government established by KKK.
He reminded them to respect the decision of the majority.
 § President – Emilio Aguinaldo
§ Vice President – Mariano Trias
§ Captain General – Artemio Ricarte
§ Dir. of War – Emiliano Riego de Dios

Cont. § Dir. of Interior – Andres Bonifacio

§ Daniel Tirona – dir. of interior must be occupied by a
lawyer – Jose Del Rosario.

§ Andres Bonifacio declared the assembly closed and

annulled the entire process.
 § There was a conspiracy – not good to be under the
Andres leadership of someone from another province.

Bonifacio § Idea of those with evil intentions and those who wanted
to deceive the people.
 § Ariston Villanueva of the Magdiwang faction received a
confidential information that Daniel Tirona was set to
undermine the proceedings of the assembly and
requested Magdiwang leaders to join him.

Santiago Alvarez § Ariston Villanueva alerted the troops for any eventuality.
§ Before the elections, Diego Mojica of Magdiwang
warned Andres Bonifacio that many ballots distributed
were already filled out and it was done not by the
voters.
 § Elected officials took oath of office in Santa Cruz de
Malabon – Tanza, Cavite

§ Acta de Tejeros – elections invalid and illegitimate due

to fraud.
2nd Meeting at § Naic Military Agreement – establishment of a
Tejeros government independent from the government of
Emilio Aguinaldo. It rejected the Tejeros Convention
and reasserted Andres Bonifacio as leader of the
revolution.
 § Indang, Cavite
§ Encounter between the forces of Emilio Aguinaldo and
Andres Bonifacio.

§ April 29 - May 4, 1897 – trial of the Bonifacio brothers.

Death of Andres The two were found guilty.

Bonifacio § From death penalty to exile.

§ Mariano Noriel and Pio Del Pilar – from exile to
execution.

§ May 10, 1897 – Death of the borthers.

 § From Naic to Maragondon and then to Batangas.

Biak-na-Bato § From Batangas to Morong and then to Biak-na-Bato in

Bulacan.
Republic § Biak-na-Bato Republic
 § July 1897 – Emilio Aguinaldo issued a proclamation, which
enumerated the demands of the revolutionaries.
§ Expulsion of Friars and return of lands to the Filipinos.
§ Representation in the Spanish Cortes.
§ Freedom of the press.
§ Tolerance of religious sects.
§ Equal treatment and pay for peninsular and insular civil
servants.

Cont. § Abolition of power of the government to banish citizens.

§ Equality before the law.
§ Felix Ferrer and Isabelo Artacho
§ Cuban Constitution of Jimaguayu
§ It was signed on November 01, 1897.
 § Dec. 14, 15, 1897 – Pedro Paterno
§ To end the revolution – laying down of arms of the
revolutionary forces.
§ Granting of amnesty and allowing the revolutionaries to
return to their homes safely.
§ Voluntary exile of Emilio Aguinaldo, and giving of 800,000
in three installments.

Pact of Biak-na- § 400,000 upon leaving the Philippines

§ 200,000 when at least 700 arms have been surrendered.
Bato § The balance - once general amnesty is declared.
§ 900,000 – Filipino civilians who suffered losses because of
the revolution.
§ Pedro Paterno – received 89,000 and also wanted to
become duke of Manila and his brother to become a count.
 § Emilio Aguinaldo in Hong Kong, Saigon, Singapore.
§ Singapore – Emilio Aguinaldo and Spencer Pratt
§ Hong Kong – Emilio Aguinaldo and Rounseville Wildman
§ May 01, Battle of Manila Bay
§ May 19, 1898 – Arrival of Emilio Aguinaldo in the

2nd Phase of
Philippines
§ Americans were waiting for reinforcements and they were
Phil. Revolution guarding Manila

§ June 12, 1898 – independence Day – Dictatorial

government to revolutionary government

§ Mock Battle of Manila – collusion between Americans and

Spaniards
§ December 10, 1898 – Treaty of Paris – White Man’s Burden
 § February 4, 1899 – Philippine-American War
§ Death of Antonio Luna and fall of Apolinario Mabini
§ Battle of Pasong Tirad

Cont. § March 23, 1901 – Emilio Aguinaldo was captured by

Americans in Palanan, Isabela

§ April, 1901 – Emilio Aguinaldo took an oath of

allegiance to the American Government
 § Torres, J. V. (2018). Batis: Sources in Philippine History.
Quezon City. C&E Publishing, Inc.
Reference