CHAPTER 2

STATICS OF PARTICLE

DAM 13403 - Statics

Lecture By,
Hafsa binti Mohammad Noor
University Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia (UTHM),
STATICS OF PARTICLES
2.1 Force
2.2 Force resultants in 2D and 3D
2.3 Solution of force based on components
2.4 Position vector
2.5 Force vector directed along a line
2.6 Dot product
2.7 Equilibrium of particle in 2D and 3D

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2.3 Solution of force based
on components

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Addition of a System of Coplanar Forces
• When a force is resolved in to two components along the x and y axes, the
components are then called rectangular component.
• Two ways of analytical work to represents these components are:
1. Scalar Notation
2. Cartesian Vector Notation.

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 (i) Scalar Notation
❑The rectangular components of force F shown in Figure below are using the parallelogram
law, so that F = Fx+ Fy
❑Because these components form the right triangle their magnitudes can be determine as,
Fx = F cos θ
Fy = F sin θ

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❑ Besides that, the direction of F can also be defined using a small “slope”
triangle as Figure below.
❑Since this triangle and the larger shaded triangle are similar, the proportional
length of the sides gives

**The y-component is negative scalar since Fy is directed along the negative y axis.

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 (ii) Cartesian Vector Notation
❑It is also possible to represent the x and y components of a force in terms of Cartesian unit
vector i and j.
❑Each of these unit vectors has a dimensionless magnitude of one, and so they can be used
to designate the direction of the x and y axes respectively as Figure below.
❑Since the magnitude of each component of F is always a positive quantity which is represent
by the (positive) scalars Fx and Fy , hence the Cartesian vectors,
F = Fx i + Fy j

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 Coplanar Force Resultants

Step 1:
❑Resolve each force into its components
using the x and y axes
❑Each component of the vector is shown as
a magnitude and a direction.
❑The directions are based on the x and y
axes. Use the “unit vectors” i and j to
designate the x and y axes.

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 Step 2:
❑Add all the x components together and all the y
components together. (separately)
❑These two totals become the resultant vector.

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 Step 3:
❑Find the magnitude and angle of the resultant vector

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Example

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 EXAMPLE - 1

Given: Three concurrent forces

acting on a bracket.
Find: The magnitude and
angle of the resultant
force.

Plan:
a) Resolve the forces in their x-y components.
b) Add the respective components to get the resultant vector.
c) Find magnitude and angle from the resultant components.

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F1 = { 15 sin 40° i + 15 cos 40° j } kN
= { 9.642 i + 11.49 j } kN

F2 = { -(12/13)26 i + (5/13)26 j } kN
= { -24 i + 10 j } kN

F3 = { 36 cos 30° i – 36 sin 30° j } kN

= { 31.18 i – 18 j } kN

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Summing up all the i and j components respectively, we get,
FR = { (9.642 – 24 + 31.18) i + (11.49 + 10 – 18) j } kN
= { 16.82 i + 3.49 j } kN

FR = ((16.82)2 + (3.49)2)1/2 = 17.2 kN

y
FR
 = tan-1(3.49/16.82) = 11.7°


Or FR = 3.49 x
Sin 11.7

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 EXAMPLE - 2
F2 = 80 N Find resultant vector,
F1 = 150 N
magnitude and angle for
20o resultant force.
30o
15o

F4 = 100 N

F3 = 110 N
 EXAMPLE - 2
F2 = 80 N
F1 = 150 N
20o
30o
15o

F4 = 100 N

F3 = 110 N

F1 = (150 cos 30)i + (150 sin 30)j =129.9i + 75j

F2 = -(80 sin 20)i + (80 cos 20)j = -27.4i + 75.5j FR2 = 199.92 + 14.62
F3 = -110j
F4 = (100 cos 15)i - (100 sin 15)j = 96.9i – 25.9j
FR = 200 N

FR = F1 + F2 + F3 Tan Ø = Ry/Rx = 14.6/199.4

= (129.9i + 75j) + (-27.4i + 75.5j) + (-110j) + (96.9i – 25.9j) Ø = 4.18o
= 199.4i + 14.6j
 EXAMPLE - 3

Given: Three concurrent

forces acting on a
bracket
Find: The magnitude and
angle of the
resultant force.

Plan:
a) Resolve the forces in their x-y components.
b) Add the respective components to get the resultant vector.
c) Find magnitude and angle from the resultant components.

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F1 = { (4/5) 850 i - (3/5) 850 j } N
= { 680 i - 510 j } N
F2 = { -625 sin(30°) i - 625 cos(30°) j } N
= { -312.5 i - 541.3 j } N
F3 = { -750 sin(45°) i + 750 cos(45°) j } N
{ -530.3 i + 530.3 j } N

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Summing up all the i and j components respectively,
FR = { (680 – 312.5 – 530.3) i + (-510 – 541.3 + 530.3) j }N
= { - 162.8 i - 521 j } N
y

x
FR = ((162.8)2 + (521)2) ½ = 546 N

= tan–1(521/162.8) = 72.64°

FR
Or from positive x axis,
 = 180 + 72.64 = 253 °

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Assignment 1

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Question 1:

Determine the magnitude of the resultant force and its direction,

measured clockwise from the positive x axis.
Given:
F1 = 70N
F2 = 50N
F3 = 65N
θ = 30°
φ = 45°

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Question 2 :

Determine the magnitude of the resultant force and its direction

measured counterclockwise from the positive x axis.
Given:
F1 = 50N
F2 = 35N
α = 120°
β = 25°

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Question 3 :

Three forces act on the bracket. Determine the magnitude and

direction θ of F1 so that the resultant force is directed along the
positive x' axis and has a magnitude of FR.

Units Used:
kN = 1000N
Given:
FR = 1kN
F2 = 450N
F3 = 200N
α = 45°
β = 30°
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Question 4:

Knowing that α = 35°, determine the resultant and the direction of

the three forces shown.

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END
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