BALIKPAPAN MANGROVE FOREST

WRITTEN BY:
NAMA : TRI WAHYUNI NINGSIH
KELAS : XII SOCIAL 3

PEMERINTAHAN PROVINSI KALIMANTAN

TIMUR
DINAS PENDIDIKAN DAN KEBUDAYAAN
SMAN 1 TENGGARONG
2022/2023
 FREFACE

Alhamdulillah, praise and gratitude the author prays to the presence

of Allah Ta'ala. for His abundance of mercy and grace so that the task
entitled, “MANGROVE FOREST” can be completed properly. The author
hopes that this paper can add to the reader's knowledge and experience
about the MANGROVE FOREST. Likewise for the abundance of health
and opportunities that Allah SWT has given to the author so that the author
can compile this paper through several sources, namely through literature
review and through internet media.

On this occasion, the author would like to thank all those who have
given the writer the enthusiasm and motivation in making this thesis. To the
author's parents who have contributed a lot to the author, our supervisor, Mr.
and also to friends in arms who helped the author in various ways. The
author hopes that the information and material contained in this paper can
be useful for readers. Nothing is perfect in the world, except Allah SWT.
God is the Most Perfect, because of that the writer asks for constructive
criticism and suggestions for the improvement of the writer's next
writing.
 CHAPTER 1

A. DESCRIPTION AND INTRODUCTION

Mangrove forest in Balikpapan is a unique and important

ecosystem in the area. Mangroves are plants that grow on the coast that can
hold sea water and help maintain the coastline. In Balikpapan, mangrove
forests are found along Makassar Bay and Balikpapan Bay. Mangrove
forests in Balikpapan are also a habitat for various types of fish, shrimp and
birds.
Mangrove forests have several positive and negative impacts.
Some of the positive impacts of mangrove forests are:
 Shoreline protection: Mangroves prevent coastal erosion by retaining
seawater and helping to maintain shoreline stability.
 Habitat for various types of species: Mangrove forests are habitats
for various types of fish, shrimp, birds, and other species.
 Carbon sinks: Mangroves can absorb carbon from the air and store it
in plant biomass.
 Food sources: Mangrove forests are also a source of food for the
surrounding community,
Such as fish, shrimp and other foods that can be taken from the
mangrove forests.
Some of the negative impacts of mangrove forests are:
 Deforestation: Logging activities in mangrove forests can damage
the ecosystem and reduce the habitat for the species that live in it.
 Pollution: Pollution of water and air can damage the health of
mangrove forests and reduce the productivity of ecosystems.
 Climate change: Global climate change which increases the
frequency and intensity of storms and changes in rainfall can
damage mangrove forests.
 B. AREA OF MANGROVE FOREST

Approximately 22,000 hectares of mangrove forest in Balikpapan,

East Kalimantan is one of the largest mangrove forest areas in Indonesia.
Mangrove forests in Balikpapan are located along Makassar Bay and
Balikpapan Bay, which are part of the very broad Makassar River delta.
Mangrove forests in Balikpapan are managed by various parties, including
the government, companies and local communities.

C. TYPE OF WORKERS IN MANGROVE FOREST

AREA
There are various kinds of people who work in mangrove forests, such as:
 Forest maintenance officers: They are responsible for the
maintenance and management of the mangrove forest, including
planting new trees, cutting weeds, and pest control.
 Researchers: Researchers can conduct studies on mangrove forest
ecosystems and collect data to assist in forest management.
 Craftsmen: Those who work in mangrove forests can be involved in
economic activities such as fishing, logging and tourism.
 Social workers: They work in community development and
community empowerment around mangrove forests.
 Security guards: Their job is to protect mangrove forests from
damage and illegal logging.
 Government : They work in the management of mangrove forests
carried out by the local government
 D. STUDY
Mangrove forest research behind the boards is a research method
used to measure soil quality in mangrove forest ecosystems. In this method,
a wooden plank or "turning board" is placed in the mangrove forest and
observed for a certain period of time to measure the degree of colonization
by microorganisms and plants, which can be used to assess the quality of the
soil and the condition of the mangrove forest as a whole. This research can
also be used to measure the impact of environmental changes or human
activities on mangrove forest ecosystems.

E. MANAGEMENT OF MANGROVE FOREST IN

BALIKPAPAN
Some things that can be done in mangrove forest management in
Balikpapan are:
 Planting mangrove trees: This is a way to restore land that has been
damaged or lost due to human activities.
 Mangrove forest maintenance: This includes activities such as weed
cutting, pest control, and driveway maintenance.
 Erosion control: This can be done by building beach fortifications or
planting plants to prevent erosion.
 Waste management: This is a way to prevent damage to mangrove
forests due to waste being dumped into the sea.
 Research and monitoring: This is done to monitor the condition of
the mangrove forest and evaluate the impact of human activities on
the mangrove forest ecosystem.
 Community empowerment: Local communities around mangrove
forests can be involved in mangrove forest management and
sustainable economic development.
 Restriction of economic activities: Economic activities such as
fishing, logging, and tourism must be limited to protect the
mangrove forest ecosystem from damage.
 F. OUTPUT OF MANGROVE FOREST IN

BALIKPAPAN
Mangrove forests can provide a variety of outputs, both ecologically
and economically. Some commonly known mangrove forest outputs
include:

 Ecological: Mangrove forests are an important habitat for a wide

variety of flora and fauna, including fish, birds and reptiles.
Mangrove forests can also protect the coast from erosion and big
waves.
 Economic: Mangrove forests can provide economic resources such
as timber, fisheries and tourism. Mangrove forests can also be used
as agricultural land and settlements.
 Social: Mangrove forests can provide a healthy and safe
environment for local communities living in the vicinity, and can be
used for sustainable economic development and community
empowerment.

G. CLOSING AND SUMMARY

Mangrove forests in the Balikpapan Bay area consist of primary

mangrove forests and secondary mangrove forests which are generally
dominated by the species Rhizophora apiculata. From the identification
results, there are 20 types of mangroves with different distribution patterns
and densities. Based on the Importance Value Index, for the seedling level
there were 13 mangrove species with the highest IVI being Rhizophora
apiculata, namely 81.63%. At the sapling level, the number of mangrove
plant species found in Balikpapan Bay was recorded at 15 species, the
largest IVI was owned by Rhizophora apiculata (168.71%). Whereas at tree
level only 10 species of mangrove plants were found, the largest IVI was
owned by Rhizophora apiculata (177.63%).