Macro Perspective of Tourism and Hospitality

Hospitality
Hospitality is derived from the Latin word hospitare, which means "to receive as a guest".
This phrase implies that a host is prepared to meet a guest's basic requirements while the guest
is away from home. The requirements of a guest in these circumstances are food, beverages,
lodging, or shelter.

Several related words come from the same Latin root, including hospital, hospice, and
hostel. In each of these words, the principal meaning is a host who receives, welcomes, and
caters to the needs of people who are temporarily away from their homes.

Summary
Tourism and hospitality are one of the world's largest and fastest-growing industries. It
contributes significantly to global economic development. The components of this large industry
may be independent and competitive businesses; yet, they are interrelated and interdependent.
The components of the tourism and hospitality network are food and beverage services, lodging
services, recreation and entertainment services, and travel and tourism services.

Tourism is the temporary, short-term movement of people to destinations outside the

places where they normally live and work and their activities during their stay at these
destinations. It involves two elements: a dynamic one - the journey, and a static one - the stay.
This implies the movement of a person away from his or her place of residence and his or her
stay in another location. The stay is temporary and is motivated by a search for personal
pleasure in the form of rest, relaxation, and self-improvement.

The word "hospitality" is derived from the Latin word hospitare which means "to receive
as a guest". Other words derived from hospitare are hospital, hospice, and hostel. In each of
these words, the main meaning is a host who receives, welcomes, and caters to the needs of
people who are temporarily away from their homes.

Tourists are temporary visitors staying at least 24 hours in the country visited whose
purpose is not for employment but for leisure, business, family, mission, or meeting.
Excursionists are temporary visitors staying less than 24 hours in the destination visited and not
making an overnight stay.

The four basic elements of travel used as criteria for defining a traveler are distance,
length of stay at the destination, residence of the traveler, and purpose of travel.

A tour may be domestic or international, independent or package. A package tour may

either be individual or group. A tourist destination depends on the interrelationship of three basic
factors: attraction, amenities or facilities, and accessibility.
 The principal tourist services are supplied by passenger transport. Accommodation, food
and beverage, and entertainment comprise the second group of tourist services. The third group
of tourist services consists of those provided by the travel agent and tour operator. Other tourist
services consist of currency, documentation, information, sightseeing, and shopping.

Tourism and hospitality have special characteristics which make them different from other
industries. For tourism and hospitality, the consumer has to travel and go to the product to
purchase it. For tourism and hospitality, the consumer has to travel and go to the product to
purchase it. The products of tourism and hospitality are not used up; they do not exhaust the
country's natural resources. It is people-oriented and a highly labor-intensive industry. Lastly,
tourism and hospitality is multidimensional, seasonal, and dynamic.

Tourism and hospitality is an important human activity with economic, social, cultural, and
educational significance. More importantly, it is an important vehicle for attaining global peace.

Lessons for Module 1

1. The relationship between tourism and hospitality.

2. The food and beverage component.

3. The lodging component.

4. Travel and tourism component.

5. Transportation.

6. Travel agencies and tour operators.

7. Definition of tourism.

8. Definition of hospitality.

9. Meaning of tourist.

10. Elements of travel.

11. The nature of a tour.

12. The tourist product.

13. The tourist destination.

14. Tourist services.

15. Characteristics of tourism and hospitality.

16. Importance of tourism and hospitality.

Summary-2
Tourism and hospitality date back to the earliest civilizations. It can trace its beginnings in
the Old Testament. Early tourism and hospitality are characterized by travel for business and
religion. Travel for business was mainly trading with other countries or tribes. Religious travel
took the form of pilgrimages to places of worship. Travel received great impetus during the
Roman Empie due to the construction of good roads and accommodations.

The recorded history of the hospitality industry began with the Sumerians who lived in
Mesopotamia near the Persian Gulf. The Sumerians were the first to establish taverns that
provided food, drinks, and shelter to Sumerian traders and travelers.

In the Middle East, the caravanserai was set up to provide food and shelter to traders and
travelers. They were the forerunners of the inns.

The ancient Egyptians provided food and lodging to travelers who wanted to see the
pyramids and attend festivals. The ancient Greeks established inns and taverns to provide food
and accommodation to weary travelers. The Romans built elaborate inns for officials and
couriers of the Roman government. The ancient Persians constructed Khans, a combination of
stables and sleeping accommodations which served traveling caravans.

Travel was limited during the Middle Ages. After the collapse of the Roman Empire, no one
traveled for pleasure due to: political instability, lack of extensive trade and commerce, poor
roads, inefficient transportation, and the proliferation of highway robbers who preyed on
travelers.

The monasteries of the Roman Catholic Church provided travelers with food and shelter
after the Roman Empire's fall. The hospitality industry became more organized during the
Middle Ages . by establishing restaurant guilds. In England, the stagecoach became the favorite
means of transportation. Coaching inns were established to provide food and overnight
accommodations to travelers.

During the Renaissance, concern about table manners increased and rules to be
observed and the dinner table was developed. In the 16th century, a tavern called the ordinary
which served a fixed menu for a fixed price to the common people in England. The 16th century
introduced two exotic imports - coffee and tea to Europe. Coffee houses became social
gathering places and helped sober up the entire European continent.

After the French revolution, French cuisine was brought to America the first restaurant was
established in the United States.
 Tourism and hospitality in the Renaissance period is characterized by the grand tour in
which scholars from both the middle and upper classes when on a three-year exploration of the
capitals, politics, culture, and society of Western Europe to enhance their education. There was
also an increase in the popularity of "spas" in which the sick sought to be cured of their ailments
by bathing in the mineral springs

The Industrial Revolution stimulated pleasure travel due to the increase in wealth, the
creation of a large and prosperous middle class, improvements in transportation, the need of the
working class to find relief from their work routine, and the desire of the city dwellers for
relaxation and adventure.

The nineteenth-century established concepts such as a la carte dining, mass feeding,

better preservation of food, ice cream parlors, and the custom of eating out.

The twentieth century has made the world accessible to the average citizen with advanced
technology and transportation. People expect excellence in service, food, accommodation, and
entertainment. The twentieth century also created the fast-food industry.

In the nineteenth and twentieth centuries, pleasure travel continued to progress due to
economic prosperity, the introduction of jet aircraft, the private car, and social changes and
changing values brought about by mass education. Other factors such as paid holidays, a
shorter workweek, and annual holidays increased the demand for travel.

There are several individuals who have made outstanding contributions to the growth and
development of the tourism and hospitality industry. They are Cesar Ritz, Ellsworth Milton
Statler, Conrad Hilton, Thomas Cook, Howard Dearing Johnson, J. Willard Marriott, Ray Kroc,
Isadore Sharp, and Ruth Fertel.

The tourism and hospitality industry in the Philippines is a very young industry. Before
World War II, there were no statistical data available; hence, it was difficult to determine tourist
activities. It was difficult to determine tourist activities. It was only after the declaration of Martial
Law in 1972 that the tourism and hospitality industry in the Philippines grew up. The department
of tourism, which is the NTO of the Philippines has launched several programs for the
development of the tourism and hospitality industry. Among these are: a more effective multi-
sectoral partnership with the local governments, the private sector, and the tourism and
hospitality councils, strict enforcement of tour facilities standards, and expansions of training
programs to improve the standard of service.

A substantial proportion of international travel occurs within and between Europe and the
United States. Europe receives the lion's share of tourist arrivals and receipts.

A large number of factors have consistently influenced the growth of tourism and hospitality
including economic prosperity, availability of leisure time, higher levels of education increase in
the number of retirees, credit availability, growth of cities, and improvement in transportation.
Lessons for Module 2
1. History of the Tourism Industry.

2. History of the Hospitality Industry.

3. Pioneers in the Tourism and Hospitality Industry.

4. Origins of Tourism and Hospitality in the Philippines.

5. International Travel Patterns.

6. Factors that Favor the Growth of Tourism and Hospitality.