Project Job no.

PPLS
Calcs for Start page no./Revision
PP18 - Ent. 2 ST14 W all 1
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FAM 23/10/2023 KKL 23/10/2023

Compression steel
(Asc)

h'
h
Horizontal steel
(Ahor)

Tension steel
(Ast) 1000 mm

Wall
(assumed symmetric)

RC WALL DESIGN (BS8110);WALL DESIGN TO CL 3.9.3

TEDDS calculation version 1.0.04

WALL DEFINITION
; W all thickness; h = 200 mm

; Cover to tension reinforcement; c w = 35 mm

; Trial bar diameter; D try = 20 mm

Depth to tension steel

h' = h - c w - D try/2 = 155 mm

Materials

; Characteristic strength of reinforcement; fy = 500 N/mm 2

; Characteristic strength of concrete; f cu = 35 N/mm 2

Braced Wall Design to cl 3.9.3 (Simply supported construction)

Stocky check for braced w alls
; W all clear height; lo = 5200 mm
; Effective height factor for simply supported braced walls (assessed for a plain wall)

 = 1.00

; le =   lo = 5.200 m; le /h = 26.00

The braced wall is

slender

Braced w all slenderness check

Effective wall height; le = 5200 mm

Slenderness limit; l limit = 40  h = 8000 mm

Slenderness limit; l limit1 = 45  h = 9000 mm

 Project Job no.
PPLS
Calcs for Start page no./Revision
PP18 - Ent. 2 ST14 W all 2
Calcs by Calcs date Checked by Checked date Approved by Approved date
FAM 23/10/2023 KKL 23/10/2023

Wall slenderness limit

OK

Define w all reinforcement

Main reinforcement in wall

;;
Provide 20 dia bars @ 150 centres; in each face
Area of "tension" steel; A st = A svert = 2094 mm 2 /m

Area of compression steel; A sc = A st = 2094 mm 2 /m

Total area of steel ; A wall = A st + A sc = 4188.0 mm 2 /m

;Percentage of steel; (A st + A sc) / h = 2.09 %

HORIZONTAL WALL STEEL

; W all thickness; h = 200 mm

;Area of vertical steel provided; A wall = 4188 mm 2/m

Percentage of vertical steel; p vwall = A wall / h = 2.09 %

;Minimum diameter of horizontal steel; D min = max(D vert/4 , 6 mm) = 6 mm

Minimum area of horizontal steel

; A Hmin = If(fy>=(460 N/mm 2),if(p vwall>2 %,0.13 %,0.25%),if(p vwall>2 %,0.24 %, 0.30 %))  h/2

A Hmin =130 mm 2/m

Warning containment links required in wall
Define horizontal wall steel in one face;
Provide 12 dia bars @ 150 centres; in each face
Braced slender w all - simple construction - transverse bending and axial load

Design ultimate loading

; Design ultimate axial load per m of wall; n w = 36 kN/m

; Larger initial transverse end moment per m of wall; m 2 = 36 kNm/m

; Smaller initial transverse end moment per m of wall; m 1 = 36 kNm /m

Initial moment (approx)

m i = max( abs(0.4m 1 + 0.6m 2 ), abs(0.4m 2 )) = 36.0 kNm/m

Additional moment

;;  a = le 2 / (2000  h 2 ) = 0.338

Reduction factor to correct deflection for axial load

;;;; n uz = 0.45  f cu  h + 1/ ms  fy  A wall = 4970.9 kN/m

; n bal = 0.25  fcu  h' = 1356.3 kN/m

K = min ((n uz - n w)/(n uz - n bal) , 1.0) = 1.00

a u =  a  K  h = 67.6 mm
 Project Job no.
PPLS
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PP18 - Ent. 2 ST14 W all 3
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FAM 23/10/2023 KKL 23/10/2023

m add = n w  a u = 2.4 kNm/m

Minimum design moments

m min = min(0.05  h, 20 mm)  n w = 0.4 kNm/m

Design moments

m design = max (abs(m 2 ) , abs(m i)+ m add, abs(m 1 ) + m add/2 , m min ) = 38.4 kNm/m

CHECK OF DESIGN FORCES - SYMMETRICALLY REINFORCED WALL SECTION

NOTES
; h is the wall thickness

; h' is the depth from the more highly compressed face to the "tension" steel.

Tension steel yields

Determine correct moment of resistance

n R = if(xcalc<h/0.9, n R1 , n R2 ) = 36.0 kN/m

m R = if(xcalc <h/0.9, m R1 , m R2 ) = 118.0 kNm/m

Applied axial load

n w = 36.0 kN/m

Check for moment

; m design = 38.4 kNm/m

Moment check satisfied
;The wall vertical reinforcement defined in each face is H20 dia bars @ 150 centres

CHECK MIN AND MAX AREAS OF STEEL

; Overall thickness of wall; h = 200 mm

Vertical steel

Total area of concrete per m run of wall; A c = h = 200000 mm 2 /m

A st_min = 0.4%  A c = 800 mm 2/m

A st_max = 4 %  A c = 8000 mm 2 /m

;Total vertical steel in wall; A wall = 4188 mm 2 /m

Area of vertical steel in wall provided OK
Horizontal steel

Percentage of vertical steel; p vwall = A wall / h = 2.09 %

;Diameter of horizontal steel; D hor = 12 mm

 Project Job no.
PPLS
Calcs for Start page no./Revision
PP18 - Ent. 2 ST14 W all 4
Calcs by Calcs date Checked by Checked date Approved by Approved date
FAM 23/10/2023 KKL 23/10/2023

;Minimum diameter of horizontal steel; D min = max(D vert/4,6 mm) = 6 mm

Diameter of horizontal steel in wall OK
2
;Area of horizontal steel in one face; A shor = 754 mm /m

Minimum area of horizontal steel

; A Hmin = If(fy>=(460 N/mm 2),if(p vwall>2 %,0.13 %,0.25%),if(p vwall>2 %,0.24,0.30 %))  h/2

A Hmin =130 mm 2/m

Area of horizontal steel in wall provided OK

Shear Resistance of Concrete Walls - (cl 3.8.4.6)

; W all thickness; h = 200 mm
; Effective depth to steel; h' = 155 mm

Area of concrete; A conc = h = 200000 mm 2 /m

; Design ultimate shear force through thickness per m of wall; v w = 118 kN/m
; Characteristic strength of concrete; f cu = 35 N/mm 2
Is a check required? (3.8.4.6)
; Axial load per m of wall; n w = 36.0 kN/m
; Major axis moment per m of wall; m w = 36.0 kNm/m
e = m w / n w = 1000.0 mm

e limit = 0.6  h = 120.0 mm

Actual shear stress; v x = v w / h' = 0.8 N/mm 2

Allowable stress; v allowable = min ((0.8 N 1/2 /mm)  (f cu ), 5 N/mm 2 ) = 4.733 N/mm 2

Shear check required

Design shear stress to clause 3.4.5.12

; fcu_ratio = if (fcu > 40 N/mm 2 , 40/25 , f cu /(25 N/mm 2 )) = 1.400
Design concrete shear stress

;; v c = 0.79 N/mm 2  min(3,100  A st / h')1/3  max(1,(400 mm) / h') 1/4 / 1.25 * fcu_ratio1/3
; v c = 0.991 N/mm 2

;;; v c' = v c + 0.6  n w / h  min( abs(v w)  h / m w, 1.0) = 1.1 N/mm 2

;v allowable = min ((0.8 N 1/2/mm)  (f cu ), v c' , 5 N/mm 2 ) = 1.061 N/mm 2

Actual shear stress
v x = 0.8 N/mm 2

Shear reinforcement
not necessarily
required in wall

Shear stress - OK
 Project Job no.
PPLS
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PP18 - Ent. 2 ST14 W all 5
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SERVICEABILITY LIMIT STATE - CRACKING IN WALLS

(BS8110:Pt 2, Cl. 3.8 & BS8007 Cl 2.6 & Appendix B)

Design serviceability loading

For a conservative assessment of crack widths, the axial compression and the compression reinforcement in the wall will
be ignored.

; Serviceability transverse moment per m of wall; m SLS = 25 kNm/m

; W all thickness; h = 200 mm

; Depth to steel; h' = 155 mm

; Characteristic strength of concrete; f cu = 35 N/mm 2

; Characteristic strength of reinforcement; fy = 500 N/mm 2

BS8110:Pt 1:Table 3.1

; Diameter of wall vertical reinforcement; D vert = 20 mm

; Spacing of vertical reinforcement bars; s vert = 150 mm

Area of vertical reinforcement in one face; A st =   D vert2 /4 / s vert = 2094 mm 2 /m

Effective depth to tension reinforcement

h' = 155.0 mm

Cover to tension reinforcement

c ten = h - h' - D vert/2 = 35 mm

Nominal cover to tension reinforcement

c nom = c ten = 35.0 mm

Tension bar centres

bar crs = s vert = 150.0 mm

MODULAR RATIO
Modulus of elasticity for reinforcement; E s = 200 kN/mm 2
BS8110:Pt 1:Cl 2.5.4

Modulus of elasticity for concrete (half the instanteneous)

E c = ((20 kN/mm 2 ) + 200f cu ) / 2 = 14 kN/mm 2

BS8110:Pt 2:Equation 17

Modular ratio; m = E s / E c = 14.815

NEUTRAL AXIS POSITION

For equilibrium; F st equates F c

Therefore: m  A st  [ f c (h'-x)/x ] equates to 0.5  f c  x

 Project Job no.
PPLS
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PP18 - Ent. 2 ST14 W all 6
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Solving for x gives the position of the neutral axis in the section:-

x = h'  [ -1E sA st/(E ch') + ( E s A st/(E ch')  (2+E sA st/(E ch')))] = 71.8 mm

Depth of concrete in compression

x = 71.8 mm

CONCRETE AND STEEL STRESSES

The serviceability limit state moment per m of wall; m SLS = 25 kNm/m

Taking moments about the centreline of the reinforcement:-

Moment of resistance of concrete is 0.5  f c  x  (h' - x/3)

Solving for concrete stress fc gives;

fc = 2  m SLS / ( x  (h' - x/3)) = 5.31 N/mm 2

Allowable stress; 0.45  fcu = 15.75 N/mm 2

Concrete stress OK
Taking moments about the centre of action of the concrete force:-

Moment of resistance of steel is f st  A s  (h' - x/3)

Solving for steel stress f st gives;

fst = m SLS / ( A st  (h' - x/3)) = 91.08 N/mm 2

CONCRETE AND STEEL STRAINS

Strain in the reinforcement

 s = fst / E s = 455.410 -6

Allowable steel strain; 0.8  f y / E s = 2.00010 -3

Steel strain OK
BS8007:App B.4

Strain in the concrete at the level at which crack width is required

Level of crack; a' = h = 200 mm

 1 =  s  (a' - x)/(h' - x) = 701.810 -6

Strain in the concrete at the level at which crack width is required adjusted for stiffening of the concrete tension zone

; Allowable crack width; Crack Allowable = 0.2 mm

BS8007:Cl 2.2.3.3

Factor for stiffening based on limiting crack width

factor = if(Crack Allowable == (0.2 mm), (1.0 N/mm 2 ), (1.5 N/mm 2)) = 1 N/mm 2

 m = min(  1 ,max(0,  1 - [ factor  (h - x)  (a' - x) / (3E s  A st (h' - x))])) = 544.710 -6

BS8007:Cl 2.2.3.3

Distance from tension bar to crack in tension face between tension bars

a cr =  ( (bar crs /2)2 + (c nom + D vert/2) 2) - D vert/2 = 77.5 mm

Design crack width

 Project Job no.
PPLS
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PP18 - Ent. 2 ST14 W all 7
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Crack design = 3  a cr   m /(1 + 2(a cr - c ten)/(h - x)) = 0.076 mm

BS8007:App B.3

Max allowable crack width

Crack Allowable = 0.20 mm

BS8007:Cl 2.2.3.3
Design Crack width OK

;
;